Gender equality in the government water, sanitation, and hygiene workforce in Indonesia: an analysis through the Gender at Work framework

The Government of Indonesia executed the Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP, April 2006 - January 2010), with financial support from the Governments of the Netherlands and Sweden, as well as management support from the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP). The program assisted a dozen cities to improve sanitation in a wider sense. It covered safe disposal of human excreta and waste water, local drainage, solid waste management and promotion of hygienic practices. The program was demand-based: the cities brought in their own human and financial resources, but got technical assistance for sanitation situation assessments and mapping, sanitation strategy and program development, and finding additional resources for increased implementation. The program had three major thrusts: (1) develop an enabling sanitation environment, (2) raise sanitation awareness and promote good hygiene, and (3) build city sanitation planning capacities and develop city sanitation strategies. The promotion component included development of poor-inclusive sanitation intervention, assisting men, women and children in the poorest neighborhoods to strengthen good and improve bad sanitation and hygiene conditions and practices. Community empowerment is important in urban sanitation development, but at the same time, requires that the social and technical institutions in charge of empowerment and sanitation adopt new skills and techniques for working with communities. Without the right skills to assist the communities, build their skills, and provide some minimal monitoring of performance afterwards, there is a risk of over-expecting what a community can manage. Community empowerment with gender- and poor-inclusive approaches must be integrated into all stages of urban sanitation development, i.e. (1) the organizational development, (2) review of related existing projects and services, (3) formulation of an overall city sanitation strategy and program, and (4) local project planning. Equitably attention for gender and poor is part of the overall organization, strategy formulation, local action planning, program and projects development and implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of outputs, outcomes and impacts.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS OF GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT ISSUES IN THE ECONOMIC SECTOR IN MALAYSIA: AN ANALYSIS

International Journal of Law, Government and Communication ◽

10.35631/ijlgc.6220025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (22) ◽

pp. 261-275

Author(s):

Rahmawati Mohd Yusoff ◽

Nadzrah Ahmad ◽

Alizah Ali ◽

Noraini Ismail ◽

Ira Rozana Mohd Asri

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Research Method ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Women's Empowerment ◽

Female Students ◽

Women’S Empowerment ◽

Male Students ◽

Economic Sector ◽

Policy System ◽

The Government

Statistics show that the number of female students enrolled in public universities is higher than male students. However, this scenario is very different from the involvement of women in the economic sector because the statistics of women's involvement in the economic sector are low and not as high as the statistics of female student enrollment to university. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the issue of gender equality and women's empowerment according to Islamic law and the situation in Malaysia. This paper will also analyse the factors that lead to the lack of women's involvement in the economic sector in Malaysia. The discussion adopts the qualitative research method by examining the issue according to the perspective of Islamic law as well as the perspective of law and the current situation in Malaysia. This paper finds that there is still no clear mechanism that should be implemented to address the issue of gender equality. Therefore, all parties including the government and employers must be more progressive in formulating a policy system that can address the issue of gender equality and women's empowerment. In the meantime, this study also suggests that the government should follow the recommendations by the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) so that the issue of gender equality can be addressed immediately.

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BIAS GENDER DALAM BUKU PELAJARAN SKI TINGKAT MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH

Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies ◽

10.30821/jcims.v1i2.1724 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 248

Author(s):

Abdul Gani Jamora Nasution

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Gender Bias ◽

History Textbooks ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Course Materials ◽

Promote Gender Equality ◽

History Of ◽

The Government ◽

Materials Used ◽

Islamic Civilization

Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji persoalan bias gender dalam buku pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam di tingkat Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Secara khusus, akan diteliti sejauhmana kemungkinan bias gender dalam pelajaran SKI untuk domain materi, gambar, dan rubrik. Data diperoleh melalui telaah dokumen, yaitu menganalisa buku pelajaran SKI yang biasa digunakan guru pada tingkat Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa buku pelajaran SKI masih bias gender. Sebab itu, perlu dilakukan penulisan buku pelajaran untuk anak madrasah dengan memerhatikan asas kesetaraan gender, agar persoalan bias gender tidak dilestarikan oleh lembaga-lembaga pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Temuan kajian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi pemerintah, khususnya Kementerian Agama, dalam menentukan kebijakan tentang buku-buku pelajaran untuk madrasah yang seharusnya mengedepankan kesetaraan gender. Abstract: Gender Bias in History of Islamic Civilization (SKI) Course Materials at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Level. This article examines the issue of gender bias in Islamic civilization history textbooks at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level. Specifically, this article examines the extent to which gender bias is possible in SKI lessons for material sphere, images and rubrics. The data obtained through the study of the document, by analyzing textbooks and course materials used by teachers at the level of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This study found that SKI textbooks are still gender biased. Therefore, it is necessary to write textbooks for madrasah students by taking into account the principle of gender equality, so that gender bias issues are not preserved by Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia. The findings of this study may serve as a basis for the government, in particular the Ministry of Religious Affairs, in determining policies on textbooks for madrasah that should promote gender equality. Kata Kunci: bias gender, madrasah, Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam

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Gender Responsive Budgeting in India

Handbook of Research on New Dimensions of Gender Mainstreaming and Women Empowerment - Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2819-8.ch003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 36-52

Author(s):

Vibhuti Patel

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Policy Instrument ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Budget Process ◽

Economic Stability ◽

Equitable Distribution ◽

Financial Plan ◽

Fiscal Efficiency ◽

The Government

The budget represents the financial plan and hence is the most significant policy instrument of the government for establishing macro-economic stability, fiscal efficiency, strategic priority, and more importantly, for ensuring the equitable distribution of national resources. Gender responsive participatory budgeting (GRPB) is a means of integrating a gender dimension into all steps of the budget process that includes participatory decision making and transparency in raising financial resources and their expenditure. It is about considering the different needs and priorities of both women, men, and sexual minorities without gender exclusivity. Gender responsive budgeting (GRB) ensures that budgets are gender-sensitive and not gender neutral, which means that they are geared towards establishing gender equality and are sensitive to intersectionality of gender with class, caste, race, religion, ethnicity, and geographical location. GRB consists of the use of tools to analyze the gender dimensions of budgets; adoption of procedures to ensure that the budget supports the achievement of gender equality; and implementation mechanisms for effective and efficient utilisation of allocated funds, functions, and functionaries.

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Changing Mindsets: How China's Abnormal Sex Ratio Is Turning Its Government into a Champion of Gender Equality

Asian Journal of Comparative Law ◽

10.1017/s2194607800000132 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 1-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liang Ying Tan

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Fertility Decline ◽

Gender Attitudes ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Technological Advancement ◽

Sex Ratio At Birth ◽

Selective Abortion ◽

Sex Selective Abortion ◽

The Government

AbstractA combination of factors has led to an increasing imbalance in the sex ratio of China's population. China's sex ratio at birth is 119 boys per 100 girls, far above the global norm of 106. This paper will focus on the abnormal sex ratio as a consequence of traditional Chinese gender attitudes holding women inferior and subordinate to men, which have been brought to the fore by a combination of fertility decline and technological advancement. Accordingly, any solution to the demographic problem must address these prevalent, entrenched mind-sets. The government appears to realise that existing laws prohibiting sex-selective abortion and infanticide will fail to correct the sex ratio. This paper examines the trend in government responses towards efforts to address traditional gender attitudes and argues that the demographic crisis may have turned the Chinese government into an unlikely champion of gender equality.

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Secularism, Feminism and Race in Representations of Australianness

Transforming Cultures eJournal ◽

10.5130/tfc.v2i1.594 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Holly Randell-Moon

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Civil Law ◽

Muslim Women ◽

Individual Autonomy ◽

Coalition Government ◽

Liberal Democracies ◽

Women's Autonomy ◽

The Government ◽

And Gender ◽

John Howard

In 2005 and 2006 members of the John Howard led Coalition Government, including the Prime Minster and Federal Treasurer Peter Costello, questioned whether Muslim dress, such as the hijab, conformed with ‘mainstream’ Australian standards of secularism and gender equality. In doing so, Howard and Costello used a feminist-sounding language to critique aspects of Islam for purportedly restricting the freedom and autonomy of Muslim women. I argue that race is implicated in the construction of Islam as a “threat” to secularism and gender equality because an unnamed assumption of the Australian ‘mainstream’ as Anglo-Celtic and white informs the standards of normalcy the Government invokes and constructs Islam as a ‘foreign’ religion. Further, whilst the demand for Muslim women to conform with ‘mainstream’ norms potentially contradicts the Government’s commitment to women’s autonomy, such a contradiction is not peculiar to the Howard Government. Using the work of Jean-Luc Nancy and Stewart Motha, I place the ‘hijab debates’ within the tension in liberal democracies between fostering autonomy and requiring a universal civil law to guarantee (but exist above) individual autonomy.

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Gender equality will see uneven progress in Mexico

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db209661 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Gender Gap ◽

National Development ◽

State Level ◽

Content Type ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Government ◽

Employment Of Women ◽

First Time

Subject The Mexican government's advances towards greater gender equality. Significance President Enrique Pena Nieto has been active in promoting gender equality at home and abroad, and his government has repeatedly voiced its commitment to the UN's Millennium Development Goals, particularly regarding female empowerment. The Pena Nieto administration included a gender dimension in its National Development Plan for the first time, and has allocated significant resources to supporting women. Efforts have focused not only on the federal level, but also at state level, as illustrated by the signing of a collaboration agreement in December 2015 between the government and the National Conference of Governors. Impacts Bridging the gender gap across all government levels will be an expensive and difficult task, with uneven success across the country. Any reductions in domestic violence rates will require long-term efforts to change attitudes from the bottom up. Quotas that encourage the employment of women, regardless of merit, may perpetuate politics' reputation for being corrupt and nepotistic.

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Determinants of toilet ownership among rural households in six eastern districts of Indonesia

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2018.010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 533-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mitsuaki Hirai ◽

Andrea Kelsey ◽

Kay Mattson ◽

Aidan A. Cronin ◽

Supriya Mukerji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Generalized Linear Models ◽

Linear Models ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Scale Up ◽

Future Research ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

Improved Sanitation ◽

The Government ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract In 2012, the Government of Indonesia and UNICEF launched a project within eastern provinces of Indonesia to scale up and strengthen a national hygiene and sanitation program called ‘Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat’. A formative study prior to the project was conducted to characterize sanitation and hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among 1,700 households in six rural Indonesian districts in 2014. Separate multivariate analyses for toilet ownership (outcome 1) and improved sanitation (outcome 2) were conducted with generalized linear models to assess the association between potential determinants and sanitation outcomes. Respondents who agreed that most people do not have a toilet in their community were associated with lower levels of toilet ownership compared to respondents who disagreed with the statement (p < 0.001). The perception that building a toilet is expensive was also associated with reduced toilet ownership in contrast to respondents without this perception (p < 0.001). Embarrassment and convenience were associated with ownership of improved sanitation versus those with shared or unimproved toilets. The study suggests that social norms play an important role in changing sanitation behaviors. Future research should aim to clarify the extent to which norms and other psychosocial factors can be used to influence sanitation practices.

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Gender Equality Reforms on an Uneven Playing Field: Candidate Selection and Quota Implementation in Electoral Authoritarian Tanzania

Government and Opposition ◽

10.1017/gov.2016.10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 464-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Elin Bjarnegård ◽

Pär Zetterberg

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Candidate Selection ◽

Gender Quotas ◽

Playing Field ◽

Dominant Party ◽

The Government ◽

Gender Quota ◽

The Empirical Analysis ◽

Party State ◽

Opposition Parties

This article investigates the dynamics that gender quota reforms create within and between government and opposition parties in electoral authoritarian dominant-party states. A dominant-party state regularly holds relatively competitive elections, but the political playing field is skewed in favour of the government party. We investigate the circumstances under which gender quotas’ goal of furthering political gender equality within political parties can be reconciled with parties’ electoral concerns. We address these issues by analysing the implementation of reserved seats by the three largest parties in the dominant-party state of Tanzania. The empirical analysis suggests that the uneven playing field leaves an imprint on the specific priorities parties make when implementing candidate selection reforms. Because of large resource gaps between parties, the ruling party, Chama Cha Mapinduzi – (CCM), is able to reconcile gender equality concerns with power-maximizing partisan strategies to a greater extent than the opposition parties.

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An assessment of government interventions in water sanitation and hygiene in rural district Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Global Journal of Sociology Current Issues ◽

10.18844/gjs.v8i1.3454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 01-12

Author(s):

Abid Anwar ◽

Mussawar Shah ◽

Yasrab Abid ◽

Hina Qamar

Keyword(s):

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Community Satisfaction ◽

Chi Square ◽

Government Interventions ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

Degree Of Satisfaction ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Selection For ◽

The Government ◽

High Degree

AbstractThe present study entitled an analysis of government interventions and community satisfaction in WASH Program in district Peshawar. A total of 359 respondents’ were proportionally allocated to each village and then, selected through simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected on a three-level Likert scale interview schedule encompassing all study variables. Chi-square test was used to test the association amount of study variable. Finding regarding the government intervention, volunteer community practices and community satisfaction showed significant association with message delivered to respondents families regarding health hygiene (p = 0.000), remembrance of message related to hygiene which they participated (p = 0.000), selection for assistance (p < 0.008), reason of selection for the support (p = 0.000), respectively, the study found that people had high degree of satisfaction with regards to the initiation, execution and deliverance of the project. As a strong follow-up mechanism, maximum participation of community and intervention of public sector were recommended.

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