The Relationship between Nucleoside Analogue Treatment Duration, Insulin Resistance, and Fasting Arterialized Lactate Level in Patients with HIV Infection

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases are growing concerns among patients with HIV infection as a consequence of the improving survival of this population. We aimed to assess the relationship between CVD risk and insulin resistance in a group of black African individuals with HIV infection.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved patients with HIV infection aged 30–74 years and followed up at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Absolute CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham and the DAD CVD risk equations while the HOMA-IR index was used to assess insulin resistance (index ≥2.1).ResultsA total of 452 patients (361 women; 80%) were screened. The mean age was 44.4 years and most of the respondents were on antiretroviral therapy (88.5%). The median 5-year cardiovascular risk was 0.7% (25th−75th percentiles: 0.2–2.0) and 0.6% (0.3–1.3) according to the Framingham and DAD equations respectively. Of all participants, 47.3% were insulin resistant. The Framingham equation derived absolute CVD risk was significantly associated with insulin resistance; while no linear association was found using the DAD equation.ConclusionThe relationship between cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance in black African patients with HIV infection seems to depend on the cardiovascular risk equation used.

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The Relationship between HIV Duration, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Risk

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3926

Author(s):

Eduard Tiozzo ◽

Allan Rodriguez ◽

Janet Konefal ◽

Gary J. Farkas ◽

Jennifer L. Maher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Relationship

The risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in people living with HIV (PLWH) can be four times greater and can occur at an earlier age and even without the presence of obesity compared to those without HIV. Therefore, the purpose of this analytical cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between HIV duration and glucose metabolism among PLWH. Eighty-two PLWH were categorized into shorter (≤15 years) or longer HIV duration (≥16 years) and then compared for differences in demographics, physical and clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and dietary intake. Compared to those with shorter HIV duration (n = 34), those with longer HIV duration (n = 48) were on average older (p = 0.02), reported lower consumption of alcohol (p = 0.05), had higher levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, p = 0.02), were also more likely to be a woman (p = 0.06), and have higher levels of fasting insulin (p = 0.06). When adjusted for age and body weight, the levels of HOMA-IR and fasting insulin were higher (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) with longer compared to shorter HIV duration, respectively. Longer exposure to HIV infection is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity. Continuing research aimed at the long-term effects of HIV infection and (antiretroviral therapy) is required.

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The Relationship of Fasting Free Fatty Acids, Adipose Tissue, Insulin Resistance, and Fasting Glucose Concentrations with Subsequent ß-Cell Function in Nondiabetic Subjects

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1812-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1812-P

Author(s):

MARIA D. HURTADO ◽

J.D. ADAMS ◽

MARCELLO C. LAURENTI ◽

CHIARA DALLA MAN ◽

CLAUDIO COBELLI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Function ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Contribution of insulin resistance to the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and a constellation of cardiometabolic abnormalities in adolescents

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-021-00745-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pei-Wen Wu ◽

Sharon Tsai ◽

Chun-Ying Lee ◽

Wei-Ting Lin ◽

Yu-Ting Chin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Sweetened Beverage ◽

The Relationship

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Investigating the relationship between insulin resistance and adipose tissue in a randomized Tehrani population

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2020-0084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Jalaledin Mirzay Razzaz ◽

Hossein Moameri ◽

Zahra Akbarzadeh ◽

Mohammad Ariya ◽

Seyed ali Hosseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Body Fat Percent ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Insulin resistance is the most common metabolic change associated with obesity. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and body composition especially adipose tissue in a randomized Tehrani population. Methods This study used data of 2,160 individuals registered in a cross-sectional study on were randomly selected from among subjects who were referred to nutrition counseling clinic in Tehran, from April 2016 to September 2017. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment formula. The odds ratio (95% CI) was calculated using logistic regression models. Results The mean age of the men was 39 (±10) and women were 41 (±11) (the age ranged from 20 to 50 years). The risk of increased HOMA-IR was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04) for an increase in one percent of Body fat, and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00–1.05) for an increase in one percent of Trunk fat. Moreover, the odds ratio of FBS for an increase in one unit of Body fat percent and Trunk fat percent increased by 1.05 (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI: 1.03, 1.06]) and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.08). Also, the risk of increased Fasting Insulin was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03–1.07) for an increase in one unit of Body fat percent, and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.08) for an increase in one unit of Trunk fat percent. Conclusions The findings of the present study showed that there was a significant relationship between HOMA-IR, Fasting blood sugar, Fasting Insulin, and 2 h Insulin with percent of Body fat, percent of Trunk fat.

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Plasma resistin, adiponectin and leptin levels in lean and obese subjects: correlations with insulin resistance

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1490331 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 149 (4) ◽

pp. 331-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 350

Author(s):

JV Silha ◽

M Krsek ◽

JV Skrha ◽

P Sucharda ◽

BL Nyomba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: Adipose tIssue regulates insulin sensitivity via the circulating adipocytokines, leptin, resistin and adiponectin. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of resistin, adiponectin and leptin in lean and obese subjects and determine the relationship between circulating adipocytokines and insulin resistance. METHODS: We examined plasma levels of resistin, adiponectin and leptin in 17 lean subjects with a mean body mass index (BMI) of approximately 23 and 34 non-diabetic obese individuals with a mean BMI approximately 33. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA-R) formula derived from fasting insulin and glucose levels. RESULTS: Resistin levels were not significantly different between the two groups but were significantly higher in women compared with men, 35.4+/-6.5 (s.e.) vs 15.4+/-2.9 microg/L, P<0.01. Resistin did not correlate with BMI but did significantly correlate with HOMA-R, P<0.01, and this correlation remained significant after adjustment for gender and BMI. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in obese compared with lean subjects, P<0.005, and higher in women, P<0.001, but showed no significant correlation with HOMA-R. Leptin levels were significantly higher in obese subjects and women and correlated with HOMA-R and resistin. DISCUSSION: In this small group of patients we demonstrated that insulin resistance correlated most strongly with leptin levels. A significant correlation between resistin levels and insulin resistance was also observed. Although a similar trend was apparent for adiponectin, the correlation with insulin resistance did not achieve statistical significance.

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Intra-pancreatic fat deposition as a modifier of the relationship between habitual dietary fat intake and insulin resistance

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juyeon Ko ◽

Loren Skudder-Hill ◽

Conor Tarrant ◽

Wandia Kimita ◽

Sakina H. Bharmal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Fat Deposition ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Pancreatic Fat ◽

The Relationship

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The relationship between employment status and insulin resistance in the Korean elderly population

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1007/s40520-018-0934-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 1385-1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jae-Min Park ◽

Jae-June Dong ◽

Ji-Won Lee ◽

Jae-Yong Shim ◽

Yong-Jae Lee

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Employment Status ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Korean Elderly ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship between Insulin Resistance and the Cardiovascular Biomarker Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Obese Patients

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2010.153726 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 309-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Greisa Vila ◽

Michaela Riedl ◽

Christian Anderwald ◽

Michael Resl ◽

Ammon Handisurya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine linked to obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. GDF-15 also has adipokine properties and recently emerged as a prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular events. METHODS We evaluated the relationship of plasma GDF-15 concentrations with parameters of obesity, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of 118 morbidly obese patients [mean (SD) age 37.2 (12) years, 89 females, 29 males] and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy lean individuals. All study participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; 28 patients were studied before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS Obese individuals displayed increased plasma GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001), with highest concentrations observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. GDF-15 was positively correlated with age, waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, creatinine, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index and negatively correlated with oral glucose insulin sensitivity. Age, homeostatic model assessment index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity, and creatinine were independent predictors of GDF-15 concentrations. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass led to a significant reduction in weight, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, but further increased GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The associations between circulating GDF-15 concentrations and age, insulin resistance, and creatinine might account for the additional cardiovascular predictive information of GDF-15 compared to traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, GDF-15 changes following bariatric surgery suggest an indirect relationship between GDF-15 and insulin resistance. The clinical utility of GDF-15 as a biomarker might be limited until the pathways directly controlling GDF-15 concentrations are better understood.

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