scholarly journals Analysis volcano deformation for determining location of the pressure source, hypocentre and magma supply as disaster mitigation efforts: case studies in Merapi volcano

2021 ◽  
Vol 1832 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
A Basid ◽  
I K Mahardika ◽  
W Subchan ◽  
S Astutik
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Volcano Deformation ◽  
Pressure Source ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Magma Supply

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of crystal populations and links to volcano deformation for more robust estimates of magma replenishment volumes

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Lilu Cheng ◽  
Fidel Costa
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Volcano Deformation ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Robust Estimates ◽  
Minimum Estimate ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Magma Replenishment

Abstract Forecasting the timing and size of volcanic eruptions requires a proper interpretation of multiparametric monitoring signals. Studies of the erupted rocks can provide critical information on the processes and volcano plumbing system that is needed to decode the monitoring signals. Here we present the results of a petrological study of plagioclase phenocrysts using a new statistical approach that allows us to estimate the amount of intruded magma before eruption. Our crystal population analysis of the 2006 and 2010 CE Merapi volcano (Indonesia) eruptions shows that ∼60 ± 20 vol% of the 2010 magma was left over from the 2006 magma, and thus ∼40 ± 20 vol% was newly intruded magma. Using the published values of the 2010 erupted magma volume, this corresponds to >8 to 20 (±7) × 106 m3 of new magma. This is a minimum estimate and is similar to the inferred pre-eruptive deformation volume (18 ×106 m3), although given the uncertainties, several million cubic meters of magma intruded in 2010 could still be in the Merapi plumbing system. Our approach could be used at other volcanoes to quantify the volume of intruded magma and thus help in better understanding the unrest signals that anticipate eruptions.

scholarly journals Contemporary Water Management Issues in Thailand in Comparative Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 218-228
Author(s):  
Alin Chintraruck
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Management Issues

Water management is a complex and multifarious issue that joins together a wide range of different problems and approaches. Since water is essential to human life, governments must make efforts to ensure that everyone receives the water necessary but, at the same time, they have to wrestle with the fact that water is a scarce resource that must be priced for consumption under conditions of constantly increasing demand from cities, industry, agriculture and tourism. Examination of three case studies, Australia, Singapore and Japan, indicates that contemporary water management issue may be considered in a number of categories and analysis has taken place on four such categories. These are global climate change, disaster mitigation, political and legal modernization and allocation of water resources. The case studies inform the discussion of water management practices and prospects for Thailand and it is shown that the country is progressing towards the examples represented by the more developed and advanced countries insofar as it is ever possible to import a water management solution into the very specific geographical, hydrological, social, political and cultural conditions in effect in a specific location.

scholarly journals Student’s Level of Understanding on Mobile Learning based Volcano Eruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 884 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
N F Wardaya ◽  
Pujianto ◽  
Jumadi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Volcano Eruption ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract This study aims to analyze student's level of understanding on mobile learning based volcano eruption. This research is quantitative descriptive. The sample were 200 students who lives in the area that affected by the eruption of Merapi Volcano (Magelang Regency, Sleman Regency, and Yogyakarta City), recruited using a simple random sampling. The instruments were online survey questionnaire of Student's Level of Understanding on Mobile Learning based Volcano Eruption. The distribution of the data is normal, reliable and homogen based the analysis used IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The results of this study indicate that students who lives in Merapi Volcano prone area have a good understanding about mobile learning based volcano eruption. Level of student's understanding on mobile learning meet a good criteria with percentage 72,80%, level of student's understanding on volcano eruption meet a good criteria with percentage 73,40%, and student's understanding on disaster mitigation meet a good criteria with higher percentage 76,40%.

scholarly journals The Reconstruction of Disaster Knowledge through Thematic Learning of Science, Environment, Technology, and Society Integrated with Local Wisdom

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Atmojo ◽  
A. Rusilowati ◽  
S. I. A. Dwiningrum ◽  
M. Skotnicka
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Technology And Society ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Gain Score ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Disaster Knowledge ◽  
Thematic Learning

This study aimed to improve the mastery of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of students in disaster mitigation in prone areas of volcanic eruptions. The subjects of this research were fifth (V) graders in three elementary schools situated in prone areas of Merapi volcano eruption in Srumbung subdistrict, Magelang regency, Central Java. The data collected in this study consisted of disaster knowledge, attitude, and mitigation practice. The data of disaster knowledge were obtained through a test and analyzed using t-test and N-gain. The attitude data were collected using questionnaire with an improvement analysis using N-gain. The mitigation practice data were collected through observation and analyzed by descriptive percentage for attitudes and skills. The research results showed that the implementation of thematic learning of Science, Environment, Technology, and Society (SETS) integrated with local wisdom was able to reconstruct and increase the disaster management knowledge. This can be seen from the N-gain score obtained by each elementary school which the highest Gain Score was 0.46 and included in the medium category. There was an enhancement attitude toward disaster having the highest Gain Score was 0.77. All disaster mitigation indicators were successfully mastered by more than 70 percent of the students, who were in the good category (70≥X≤85) in all three elementary schools implementing the thematic learning of SETS integrated with local wisdom.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Disaster Preparedness School Program at Sekolah Dasar Negeri Baluwarti and Sekolah Dasar Negeri Bangunrejo 1 in Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-89
Author(s):  
Afisa Afisa ◽  
Sakir Sakir
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
School Program ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Input Stage ◽  
Process Stage ◽  
Yogyakarta City

This study aims to determine the results of the evaluation of the implementation of the Disaster Preparedness School Program (SSB) as a Disaster Mitigation Step in Yogyakarta City with case studies of SD Negeri Bangunrejo 1 and SD Negeri Baluwarti. This study analyzed four stages, namely context (context), input (input), process (process), and product (results). The results showed that at the stage of context it could be categorized well where SD Baluwarti had fulfilled while SD Negeri Bangunrejo 1 only did not have a program organizational structure. At the input stage, it can be categorized sufficiently where SD Baluwarti only has no specific regulations related to the program and SD Negeri Bangunrejo 1 does not yet have specific regulations and curriculum related to the program. In the process stage, that has been going well where the SSB program is still running, it's just that SD Negeri Bangunrejo 1 is more focused on learning in the classroom while SD Negeri Baluwarti continues to simulate at least one use. At the product stage the SSB program was in line with the objectives of increasing school residents' preparedness for disasters.

Viscoelastic crustal deformation in the Aira caldera before and after the 1914 eruption of the Sakurajima volcano

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Yamasaki ◽  
Freysteinn Sigmundsson ◽  
Masato Iguchi
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Layer ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Viscoelastic Model ◽  
Geodetic Data ◽  
Viscoelastic Layer ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Viscoelastic Response ◽  
Volcano Deformation ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Magma Supply

<p> Long-term volcano deformation cannot be well understood without considering crustal viscoelasticity because the presence of magma is expected to significantly lower the crustal viscosity beneath volcanoes. In this study, we examine viscoelastic crustal response to continuous magma supply into the upper crust and its sudden discharge. We use a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model composed of an elastic layer underlain by a linear Maxwell viscoelastic layer with spatially uniform viscosity, in which a sill emplaced at the bottom of the elastic layer inflates with constant rate, during which the deflation due to an eruption suddenly occurs. Our numerical experiment finds that viscoelastic response to the sill deflation causes post-eruption surface uplift, depending on how much viscoelastic relaxation progresses in response to sill inflation due to pre-eruption magma supply and how much the sill deflates during the eruption. However, the recovery of the post-eruption surface is always later than that of the sill volume, because the viscoelastic response to the sill inflation reduces the surface uplift. Magma recharge is required to bring the surface to the elevation that was at immediately before the eruption. We adopt our viscoelastic model to geodetic data in and around the Aira caldera, southern Kyushu, Japan. It is found that the observed exponential-like surface recovery after the 1914 eruption can be explained if: (1) The effective crustal viscosity is ∼5×10<sup>18</sup> Pa s, (2) the sill emplacement, whose equatorial radius is ∼2 km, occurs at a depth of ∼11 km, (3) a constant inflation rate of the sill is ∼0.009 km<sup>3</sup>/yr, which has continued since ∼50 yr before the 1914 eruption, and (4) the sill deflates by ∼0.4 km<sup>3</sup> during the 1914 eruption, ∼4 times less than the eruptive volume. The sill inflation during the first ∼50 yr after the eruption is lower than that predicted by an elastic model, but larger thereafter. Fit to geodetic data after ∼1975 can be improved by introducing temporal variation of the inflation rate, which is a topic of investigation for a future study.</p>

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