scholarly journals Impact of the electromagnetic field pressure on the bending of high convex-side

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (4) ◽  
pp. 042042
Author(s):  
N V Kurlaev ◽  
M E Ahmed Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Field ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Magnetic Pulse ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Sheet Metal Parts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Constant Improvement ◽  
Elastic Unloading

Abstract A large number of aircraft parts made of sheet materials are used as flanges, common to such parts is the presence of walls, sides, and various elements that increase rigidity and reduce mass. These sheet parts are complex, mostly closed forms, which by plastic deformation methods require a rather complex stamping tools. Technological methods of manufacturing have certain disadvantages associated with the need to refine the shaping. In addition, the frequent updating of product designs and their constant improvement with a significant amount of experimental and small-scale production required the creation of technological methods that provide a significant reduction in terms of preparation. When punching sheet metal parts, in particular, by the pressure of magnetic-pulse field, the accuracy of shaping is mainly influenced by the shape of the flange in the process of deformation. At the final stage of shaping, an impact contact occurs between the flange of the part with the die or form-block. On impact, elastic unloading of the flange occurs due to the removal of inertial tensile stresses along the generatrix. After the impact contact, dynamic springing or rebound of the flange occurs.

Variability in Copper and Bronze Casting Technology as Seen at Bronze Age Godin Tepe, Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Frame ◽  
Pamela B. Vandiver
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Iranian Plateau ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation ◽  
Technological Methods

AbstractGodin Tepe lies along the “High Road” leading from the Mesopotamian lowlands to the northern Iranian Plateau and beyond. This site acted as a center for the exchange of goods, transmission of ideas, and spread of technology; therefore the technology and manufacturing methods represented by the artifacts at this site provide information regarding the technology in use across the Iranian Plateau. Materials analyzed from Godin Tepe include crucibles, furnace and tuyere fragments, ore, and metal artifacts dating to the early third through late second millennium B.C.E. The production materials were concentrated in only a few locations throughout the site, and they are indicative of small scale production. SEM and microprobe analyses have allowed the determination of cooling rates and temperatures attained during smelting and casting operations in antiquity. In addition, the analysis of approximately 60 metal artifacts (out of the two-hundred plus that were excavated) have contributed greatly to understanding the variability in manufacture methods present during this time period. The results of this investigation support two significant conclusions. First, the measurement and evaluation of secondary dendrite arm spacing of cast artifacts and crucible prills provides insight to the processes and cooling methods employed by ancient craftsmen. Second, the wide range in manufacturing methods shown by the microstructures of non-utilitarian artifacts, offers strong evidence for the presence of multiple producers who copied styles and typology, but not technological methods from their contemporary craftsmen.

scholarly journals Environmental life cycle assessment of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) production for human consumption in Austria – a comparison of mealworm and broiler as protein source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Dreyer ◽  
Stefan Hörtenhuber ◽  
Werner Zollitsch ◽  
Henry Jäger ◽  
Lisa-Marie Schaden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production System ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Environmental Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Freshwater Eutrophication

Abstract Purpose Global food production needs to increase to provide enough food for over 9 billion people living by 2050. Traditional animal production is among the leading causes for climate change and occupation of land. Edible insects might be a sustainable protein supply to humans, but environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on them are scarce. This study performs an LCA of a small-scale production system of yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) in Central Europe that are supplied with organic feedstuff. Methods A combined ReCiPe midpoint (H) and CED method is used to estimate the potential environmental impacts from cradle-to-gate. Impact categories include global warming potential (GWP), non-renewable energy use (NREU), agricultural land occupation (ALOP), terrestrial acidification potential (TAP) and freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP). The robustness of the results is tested via sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulations. Results and discussion Impacts related to the production of 1 kg of edible mealworm protein amount to 20.4 kg CO2-eq (GWP), 213.66 MJ-eq (NREU), 22.38 m2 (ALOP), 159.52 g SO2-eq (TAP) and 12.41 g P-eq (FEP). Upstream feed production and on-farm energy demand related to the heating of the facilities are identified as environmental hot-spots: Depending on the impact category, feed supply contributes up to 90% and on-farm heating accounts for up to 65% of overall impacts. The organic mealworm production system is contrasted with a selected Austrian organic broiler production system, to which it compares favourably (18–72% lower impacts per category), with the exception of freshwater eutrophication (6% higher impacts). Conclusions This case study shows that the Austrian mealworm production system compares favourably to traditional livestock systems. Compared to LCAs from large-scale T. molitor rearing facilities in France and in the Netherlands, however, the Austrian production system cannot compete for the reasons of production scale, feed conversion efficiency and type of production system. Nevertheless, the investigated mealworms represent a sustainable protein alternative that should be added to the Western diet.

Modeling and predicting of aeronautical thin-walled sheet metal parts riveting deformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengping Chang ◽  
Zhongqi Wang ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
Feiyan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Sheet Metal Parts ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Successive Calculation

Purpose Riveting deformation is inevitable because of local relatively large material flows and typical compliant parts assembly, which affect the final product dimensional quality and fatigue durability. However, traditional approaches are concentrated on elastic assembly variation simulation and do not consider the impact of local plastic deformation. This paper aims to present a successive calculation model to study the riveting deformation where local deformation is taken into consideration. Design/methodology/approach Based on the material constitutive model and friction coefficient obtained by experiments, an accurate three-dimensional finite element model was built primarily using ABAQUS and was verified by experiments. A successive calculation model of predicting riveting deformation was implemented by the Python and Matlab and was solved by the ABAQUS. Finally, three configuration experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Findings The model predicting results, obtained from two simple coupons and a wing panel, showed that it was a good compliant with the experimental results, and the riveting sequences had a significant effect on the distribution and magnitude of deformation. Practical implications The proposed model of predicting the deformation from riveting process was available in the early design stages, and some efficient suggestions for controlling deformation could be obtained. Originality/value A new predicting model of thin-walled sheet metal parts riveting deformation was presented to help the engineers to predict and control the assembly deformation more exactly.

scholarly journals Evaluating Sustainability in Traditional Silvopastoral Systems (caívas): Looking Beyond the Impact of Animals on Biodiversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Hanisch ◽  
Raquel R. B. Negrelle ◽  
Rafael Araújo Bonatto ◽  
Evelyn Roberta Nimmo ◽  
André Eduardo Biscaia Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
The Impact

Caívas are traditional silvopastoral systems that occur in the Araucaria Forest biome, Southern Brazil, in which animal production and erva-mate extraction are integrated. Participatory research was conducted in caívas in the Northern Plateau, Santa Catarina State, to identify strategies to intensify pasture use and increase animal productivity. To better understand the outcomes of these strategies, a sustainability assessment was conducted in properties that participated in the research (improved caívas; IC) and those that did not (traditional caívas; TC). The Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) tool 2.0.0 for smallholders was chosen as it evaluates the productive unit as a whole using environmental, social, economic, and governance indicators and is tailored for small-scale production. All evaluated indicators showed higher scores for IC properties in relation to TC. In general, the SAFA analysis showed that when evaluated as productive systems, TCs are a strategic option for rural development, as 65% of their indicators were evaluated as good. With the support of rural outreach and research and the adoption of appropriate technologies, this percentage increased to 86% in ICs. These results confirm that with adequate support caívas can significantly contribute to the development of more sustainable livestock farming in Southern Brazil.

Economic feasibility analysis of small-scale aquaculture of the endemic snail Pomacea patula catemacensis (Baker 1922) from southeast Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Mejía-Ramírez ◽  
Verónica Valadez Rocha ◽  
Carlos Iván Pérez-Rostro
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Base Scenario ◽  
The Impact

The snail Pomacea patula catemacensis is an endemic mollusk from the southeast Gulf of Mexico, which is commercially exploited and in decline since 2010. This decline is associated with an increasing market demand and illegal capture. We designed a small-scale production system for P. p. catemacensis and determined its financial feasibility for a base scenario. We used information gathered from stakeholders and stochastic modeling to predict the impact of uncertain variables on the economic indicators to assess the financial viability under varying conditions. The small-scale intensive production system, designed to yield 3.9 tons/year of unshelled product, requires an investment of about US $65,000. The production unit was financially assessed using the Modified Internal Return Rate and The Net Present Value of cash flow, considering a 14% discount rate and a 7% reinvestment rate. We obtained a Net Present Value of $67,000 and a Modified Internal Return Rate of 20% for the base scenario, which indicates the viability of the project. A Monte Carlo simulation was run to assess the robustness of the project to variability of three parameters: labor cost, energy cost, and market price; with random and simultaneous variation, resulting in 95% probability of getting a Modified Internal Return Rate larger than the current interest rate (8%) and a low probability (2.8%) to be financially unviable. This production system is worthy of consideration as an option to reduce the fishing pressure on the tegogolo natural populations of the Catemaco Lake while satisfying the market demand.

Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the development of territorial communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Mykola Butko ◽  
Valeriy Kolosha ◽  
Oleh Rasskazov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Impact

The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is one of the most relevant segments of the national economy, which provides an adequate level of food security of the regions and the state as a whole, as well as forms a significant amount of domestic expert material. However, institutional miscalculations of the state, underestimation of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of domestic and foreign food markets, as well as ignoring the role of local governments and civil society institutions in rural development, led to agricultural enrichment, dominance of small-scale production, lack of motivation for integrated development formations, and depopulation of rural areas. The essence of modern EU agricultural policy in the third millennium and the need for our country to join it are studied. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the integrated development of territorial communities in the context of decentralization of power are developed. The multifaceted nature of the process of functioning of agro-industrial production in the direction of ensuring the development of communities determines the influence of a significant number of factors. Generalizing scientific approaches in this area, all factors can be combined into several aggregate groups: production, consumption, social, institutional, and environmental orientation. The proposed methodological approaches to assessing such impact, in addition, provide an opportunity to develop areas for long-term mutually beneficial development of the entities in this system. The purpose of such promising parameters should be to develop mechanisms to ensure the production of high-quality food products, primarily for domestic consumption; to improve the level and quality of life of rural residents; to improve the system of management of territorial communities and formation of effective schemes of their interaction with business entities; to stimulate the activity of the population of the territories as a locomotive of these processes; to ensure the improvement of the ecological condition of settlements and environmental protection.

Particular Forms of Management of Agro – Industrial Complex in the Sustainable Development of Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Baglan AIMURZINA ◽  
Mazken KAMENOVA ◽  
Ainura OMAROVA ◽  
Galina PESTUNOVA ◽  
Ainur KARIPOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
The Impact

In this paper it is noted that the important problem of the existing economic relations in the agrarian sphere is the choice of forms of management. The practice of reforms in agriculture has shown that more than 80% of gross output in Kazakhstan is currently produced by "households" and peasant (farmer) farms which provides further increase in the production of agricultural products namely crop production and increase its economic efficiency. Currently the agricultural sector has a tendency to small-scale production. As the situation has shown one of the main factors negatively influencing investment activity is financial instability of the majority of agricultural producers, low level of its profitability and significant risks.  Factors of low profit growth of the agricultural sector are related to the peculiarities of demand for agricultural products and seasonality of production in this industry. The analysis of the structure of gross agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan by categories of farms, the returnability of agricultural production for 2012-2016 shows the impact of the price and yield of grain on the level of farm income. Proposals for further improvement of grain pricing are given.

scholarly journals Problems of the Arctic Traditional Industries in Yakutia

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Natalya RODNINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The Impact

The transformations taking place in Russia since the 90s have changed both the political and economic and social systems of the country. Privatization led to a loss of manageability of all agriculture, but significantly negatively affected the traditional agricultural sectors of Yakutia. The transformation of organizational and legal forms and the transition to small-scale production negatively affected animal husbandry as the main occupation of the republic's indigenous population. Despite government support for traditional industries, there has been no positive change. Of particular concern is the implementation of large indus-trial projects in the Arctic. The subject of the study is factors and trends affecting the socio-economic situation and the development of traditional industries. The goal is to determine the features and patterns of the development of traditional industries and assess the impact of ongoing transformations in the Arctic on their condition. The research hypothesis is the assumption of insufficient state regulation measures and mutually beneficial economic relations with business in the industrial development of the Arctic. The results of the studies showed the need to increase the attention of all levels of government in deciding on the development of a particular territory of the Arctic and identifying such rules and mechanisms for companies that should not only ensure the preservation of agricultural industries, but also improve the quality and standard of living of the population. The research methodology is based on system analysis using economic and statistical methods, analytical and computational algorithms for processing information on the development of agro-industrial complex and changing dynamics, including content analysis.

scholarly journals The influence of direct support under common agricultural policy on farm incomes in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Judzińska
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The main objective of the paper is the analysis of changes on the level of income of agricultural producers, which took place in Poland in the early years of the accession to the EU, as well as a determination of the scale of the impact of financial support under the Common Agricultural Policy on the farm income situation. Poland’s membership in the EU gives rural farms opportunities to improve their economic situation. Financial aid, mainly in the form of a direct payment, has been the main factor determining the economical status of rural farms, whilst the other income making factors, such as improved productivity and increased agricultural production have played a much smaller role. The increase in revenue has enabled farmers not only to increase current expenditures, but also to carry out modernization efforts, which will determine the future economic and structural situation of the Polish agricultural sector and its competitiveness. However, a strong differentiation in terms of the economic situation of rural farms according to their size and specialization in production was also noticed. As a result, there is a still large number of farms in which the revenues received by farmers are insufficient to assure them adequate life standard. Therefore such farms are not able to both develop and invest. Only economically strong rural farms with high production potential have such opportunities, meaning that EU support will never be able to fully minimize the effects of small-scale production or to offset the insufficient efficiency and productivity of production factors.

Can Values of Honesty, Hard Work, Loyalty and Discipline Predict Entrepreneurial Orientation of Muslim Owner Managers?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohani Mohd ◽  
Badrul Hisham Kamaruddin ◽  
Khulida Kirana Yahya ◽  
Elias Sanidas
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Learning Institutions ◽  
Innovative Orientation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
True Values

The purpose of the present study is twofold: first, to investigate the true values of Muslim owner managers; second, to examine the impact of these values on entrepreneurial orientations of Muslim small-scale entrepreneurs. 850 Muslim owner managers were selected randomly using the sampling frame provided by MajlisAmanah Rakyat Malaysia (MARA). 162 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. For this paper only two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientations were analyzed: proactive orientation and innovative orientation. Interestingly, the findings revealed that Muslim businessmen/women are honest, loyal, disciplined and hard working. Loyalty and honesty are positively related to proactive orientation, while discipline and hard-work are positively related to innovative orientation. The findings provide implications for existing relevant theories, policy makers, practitioners and learning institutions. 

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