scholarly journals Effect of Infill Pattern and Lattice Structure on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Metal Polylactide Filament

2021 ◽  
Vol 2120 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Rishitena Umapathi ◽  
Joon Hoong Lim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Copper Metal ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Speed

Abstract The purpose of this given research is to study the mechanical properties of the printed metal polylactide filament due to the recent growth of 3D printing technology. It had been widely used in many industries, but some consequences influence the material properties of printed parts and cause anisotropy. The consequences mentioned are based on parameters that have been involved in causing changes in the mechanical properties of the printed specimen such as the infill pattern, infill density, printing temperature, surrounding temperature, printing orientation, and printing speed. This paper will emphasize more on the infill patterns and choosing the better infill pattern for a printed material using copper metal polylactide (PLA) filament in terms of better strength. The strength of the printed material can be analysed using the tensile test method according to ASTM D68-10 standards. so that Young’s Modulus can be evaluated based on stress and strain data collected from each specimen that has been tested. This experiment is conducted twice using PLA and copper metal PLA whereby the PLA is used as a comparison towards copper metal PLA. Based on previous studies shows honeycomb has the strongest infill pattern but after running through the certain test it is found out that grid pattern has the qualities for FDM processes which will be discussed further.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Steels for Cold-Formed Steel Structures at Elevated Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zhen Nie ◽  
Yuanqi Li ◽  
Yehua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Cold Formed Steel

It is highly important to clarify the high-temperature mechanical properties in the design of cold-formed steel (CFS) structures under fire conditions due to the unique deterioration feature in material properties under fire environment and associated reduction to the mechanical performance of members. This paper presents the mechanical properties of widely used steels for cold-formed steel structures at elevated temperatures. The coupons were extracted from original coils of proposed full annealed steels (S350 and S420, with nominal yielding strengths 280 MPa and 350 MPa) and proposed stress relieving annealed steels (G500, with nominal yielding strength 500 MPa) for CFS structures with thickness of 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm, and a total of nearly 50 tensile tests were carried out by steady-state test method for temperatures ranging from 20 to 700°C. Based on the tests, material properties including the yield strengths, ultimate strengths, the elasticity modulus, and the stress-strain curve were obtained. Meanwhile, the ductility of steels for CFS structures was discussed. Then, the temperature-dependent retention factors of yield strengths and elasticity modulus were compared to those provided by design codes and former researchers. Finally, a set of prediction equations of the mechanical properties for steels for CFS structures at elevated temperatures was proposed depending on existing tests data.

scholarly journals Finite element analysis relating shape, material properties, and dimensions of taenioglossan radular teeth with trophic specialisations in Paludomidae (Gastropoda)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencke Krings ◽  
Jordi Marcé-Nogué ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Force Volume ◽  
General Size

AbstractThe radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded tooth rows, is the molluscan autapomorphy for feeding. The morphologies, arrangements and mechanical properties of teeth can vary between taxa, which is usually interpreted as adaptation to food. In previous studies, we proposed about trophic and other functional specialisations in taenioglossan radulae from species of African paludomid gastropods. These were based on the analysis of shape, material properties, force-resistance, and the mechanical behaviour of teeth, when interacting with an obstacle. The latter was previously simulated for one species (Spekia zonata) by the finite-element-analysis (FEA) and, for more species, observed in experiments. In the here presented work we test the previous hypotheses by applying the FEA on 3D modelled radulae, with incorporated material properties, from three additional paludomid species. These species forage either on algae attached to rocks (Lavigeria grandis), covering sand (Cleopatra johnstoni), or attached to plant surface and covering sand (Bridouxia grandidieriana). Since the analysed radulae vary greatly in their general size (e.g. width) and size of teeth between species, we additionally aimed at relating the simulated stress and strain distributions with the tooth sizes by altering the force/volume. For this purpose, we also included S. zonata again in the present study. Our FEA results show that smaller radulae are more affected by stress and strain than larger ones, when each tooth is loaded with the same force. However, the results are not fully in congruence with results from the previous breaking stress experiments, indicating that besides the parameter size, more mechanisms leading to reduced stress/strain must be present in radulae.

3D-printed polypropylene transtibial sockets: Mechanical behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622094392
Author(s):  
MacArthur L Stewart
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
3D Printed

This paper defines the tensile properties of a successfully worn 3D-printed transtibial socket. The socket was printed from a proprietary polypropylene filament and FDM 3D-printing process. Fused disposition modeling involves producing successive cross-sectional layers on top of one another and welding them together. Because of this, a notch is formed between the printed layers. As part of this investigation, tensile test specimens were die-cut perpendicular to the material direction and tested according to ASTM D638—Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics. From the measured load–elongation data, stress–strain curves and the corresponding material properties were determined, including modulus of elasticity E, Poisson’s ratio ν, yield strength Sy, and ultimate strength Su. The average values for each of these material properties were 955 MPa, 0.35, 11.4 MPa, and 16.3 MPa, respectively. In addition to defining tensile properties, this work demonstrated a viable methodology for characterizing the as-built material behavior of 3D-printed sockets.

Material Properties of Cast Aluminium Alloys Produced by Various Casting Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuhro Okayasu ◽  
Kohei Ota ◽  
Shuhei Takeuchi ◽  
Tetsuro Shiraishi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Cast Aluminium

The material and mechanical properties of cast aluminium alloys, produced using various casting technologies, have been investigated experimentally. In this study, several casting processes were selected, including gravity casting (GC), cold-chamber diecasting (CD), hot-chamber diecasting (HD), squeeze diecasting (SQ), twin rolled continuous casting (TRC) and heated mould continuous casting (HMC). Although all cast samples were made of the same aluminium alloy of Al-Si-Cu (ADC12), different material properties were obtained, in particular microstructural characteristics, crystal orientation and residual stress. In this instance, the microstructures of the GC and CD samples were formed mainly of coarse α-Al phase and needle-shaped eutectic structures; and a microstructure of fine round grain and tiny eutectic structures were observed for the HC, TRC and HMC samples. On the other hand, spherical shaped α-Al phase with a relatively large size was detected in SQ. The different microstructural characteristics led to different mechanical properties. A uniformly orientated lattice structure was detected in the HMC and SQ samples, which gave high material ductility. High internal compressive stress high dislocation density, arising from the rolling process, led to the high tensile properties for the TRC procedure. Various cast defects, such as blow holes and shrinkage porosity, were detected in GC and CD, which gave a reduction in their tensile properties.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Flexible TPU-Based 3D Printed Lattice Structures: Role of Lattice Cut Direction and Architecture

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2986
Author(s):  
Victor Beloshenko ◽  
Yan Beygelzimer ◽  
Vyacheslav Chishko ◽  
Bogdan Savchenko ◽  
Nadiya Sova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Lattice Materials ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Anisotropy Of Mechanical Properties

This study addresses the mechanical behavior of lattice materials based on flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with honeycomb and gyroid architecture fabricated by 3D printing. Tensile, compression, and three-point bending tests were chosen as mechanical testing methods. The honeycomb architecture was found to provide higher values of rigidity (by 30%), strength (by 25%), plasticity (by 18%), and energy absorption (by 42%) of the flexible TPU lattice compared to the gyroid architecture. The strain recovery is better in the case of gyroid architecture (residual strain of 46% vs. 31%). TPUs with honeycomb architecture are characterized by anisotropy of mechanical properties in tensile and three-point bending tests. The obtained results are explained by the peculiarities of the lattice structure at meso- and macroscopic level and by the role of the pore space.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis Relating Shape, Material Properties, and Dimensions of Taenioglossan Radular Teeth with Trophic Specialisations in Paludomidae (Gastropoda)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencke Krings ◽  
Jordi Marcé-Nogué ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Plant Surface ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Force Volume

Abstract The radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded tooth rows, is the molluscan autapomorphy for feeding. The morphologies, arrangements and mechanical properties of teeth can vary between taxa, which is usually interpreted as adaptation to food. In previous studies, we proposed about trophic and other functional specialisations in taenioglossan radulae from species of African paludomid gastropods. These were based on the analysis of shape, material properties, force-resistance, and the mechanical behaviour of teeth, when interacting with an obstacle, which was previously simulated for one species (Spekia) by the finite-element-analysis (FEA) and, for more species, observed in experiments. In the here presented work, we test the previous hypotheses by applying the FEA on 3D modelled radulae, with incorporated material properties, from three additional paludomid species. These species forage either on algae attached to rocks (Lavigeria), covering sand (Cleopatra), or attached to plant surface and covering sand (Bridouxia). Since the analysed radulae vary greatly in their size between species, we additionally aimed at relating the simulated stress and strain distributions with the tooth sizes by altering the force/volume. For this purpose, we also included Spekia again in the present study. Our FEA results show that smaller radulae are more affected by stress and strain than larger ones, when each tooth is loaded with the same force. However, the results are not fully in congruence with results from the previous breaking stress experiments, indicating that besides the parameter size, more mechanisms leading to reduced stress/strain must be present in radulae.

Optimization of FDM process parameters for tensile properties of polylactic acid specimens using Taguchi design of experiment method

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572096456
Author(s):  
M Heidari-Rarani ◽  
N Ezati ◽  
P Sadeghi ◽  
MR Badrossamay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Taguchi Design Of Experiment ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Speed

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most common method for additive manufacturing of polymers, which is expanding in various engineering applications due to its ability to make complex parts readily. The mechanical properties of 3D printed parts strongly depend on the correct selection of the process parameters. In this study, the effect of three important process parameters such as infill density, printing speed and layer thickness were investigated on the tensile properties of polylactic acid (PLA) specimens. Taguchi design of experiment method is applied to reduce the number of experiments and find the optimal parameters for maximum mechanical properties, minimum weight and minimum printing time. Experimental results showed that the optimum process parameters for the modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength were infill density of 80%, printing speed of 40 mm/s and layer thickness of 0.1 mm, while for the failure strain were the infill density of 80%, printing speed of 40 mm/s and layer thickness of 0.2 mm. Finally, the accuracy of the Taguchi method was assessed for prediction of mechanical properties of FDM-3D printed specimens.

scholarly journals Tensile and Compressive Behavior in the Experimental Tests for PLA Specimens Produced via Fused Deposition Modelling Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Brischetto ◽  
Roberto Torre
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Capability Analysis ◽  
3D Printed

In this paper, polymeric specimens are produced via the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technique. Then, experimental tensile and compression tests are conducted to evaluate the main mechanical properties of elements made of PolyLacticAcid (PLA) material. A standardized characterization test method for FDM 3D printed polymers has not been developed yet. For this reason, the ASTM D695 (usually employed for polymers produced via classical methods) has been here employed for FDM 3D printed polymers after opportune modifications suggested by appropriate experimental checks. A statistical analysis is performed on the geometrical data of the specimens to evaluate the machine process employed for the 3D printing. A capability analysis is also conducted on the mechanical properties (obtained from the experimental tests) in order to calculate acceptable limits useful for possible structural analyses. The Young modulus, the proportional limit and the maximum strength here defined for PLA specimens allow to confirm the different behavior of FDM printed PLA material in tensile and compressive state. These differences and the calculated acceptable limits for the found mechanical properties must be considered when this technology will be employed for the design of small structural objects made of PLA, as in the present study, or ABS (Acrilonitrile Butadiene Stirene). From the statistical and capability analysis, the employed printing process appears as quite stable and replicable. These types of research together with other similar ones that will be conducted in the future will allow to use polymeric materials and the FDM technique to produce small structural elements and also to carry out the appropriate verifications.

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