scholarly journals RIPTIDE: a novel recoil-proton track imaging detector for fast neutrons

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. C12013
Author(s):  
A. Musumarra ◽  
F. Leone ◽  
C. Massimi ◽  
M.G. Pellegriti ◽  
F. Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Recoil Proton ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Neutron Spectrometry ◽  
Neutron Detectors ◽  
Imaging Detector ◽  
Proton Track

Abstract Neutron detectors are an essential tool for the development of many research fields, as nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics as well as radiotherapy and radiation safety. Since neutrons cannot directly ionize, their detection is only possible via nuclear reactions. Consequently, neutron-based experimental techniques are related to the detection of charged particle or electromagnetic radiation originating from neutron-induced reactions. The study of fast neutrons is often based on the neutron-proton elastic scattering reaction. In this case, the ionization induced by the recoil protons in a hydrogenous material constitutes the basic information for the design and development of neutron detectors. Although experimental techniques have continuously improved and refined, so far, proton-recoil track imaging is still weak in laboratory rate environments because of the extremely small detection efficiency. To address this deficiency, we propose a novel recoil-proton track imaging system in which the light deriving from a fast scintillation signal is used to perform a complete reconstruction in space and time of the event. In particular, we report the idea of RIPTIDE (RecoIl Proton Track Imaging DEtector): an innovative system which combines a plastic scintillator coupled to imaging devices, based on CMOS technology, or micro channel plate sensors. The proposed apparatus aims at providing neutron spectrometry capability by stereoscopically imaging the recoil-protons tracks, correlating the spatial information with the time information. RIPTIDE intrinsically enable the online analysis of the ionization track, thus retrieving the neutron direction and energy, without spoiling the overall efficiency of the detection system. Finally, the spatial and topological event reconstruction enables particle discrimination — a crucial requirement for neutron detection — by deducing the specific energy loss along the track.

scholarly journals Recoil-proton track imaging as a new way for neutron spectrometry measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hu ◽  
Jinliang Liu ◽  
Zhongbing Zhang ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Yuhang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recoil Proton ◽  
Neutron Spectrometry ◽  
Proton Track

Electrophoretic Deposition of 10B Nano/Micro Particles in Deep Silicon Trenches for the Fabrication of Solid State Thermal Neutron Detectors

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1840002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machhindra Koirala ◽  
Jia Woei Wu ◽  
Adam Weltz ◽  
Rajendra Dahal ◽  
Yaron Danon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Neutron Detectors ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Silicon Trenches

We present a cost effective and scalable approach to fabricate solid state thermal neutron detectors. Electrophoretic deposition technique is used to fill deep silicon trenches with 10B nanoparticles instead of conventional chemical vapor deposition process. Deep silicon trenches with width of 5-6 μm and depth of 60-65 μm were fabricated in a p-type Si (110) wafer using wet chemical etching method instead of DRIE method. These silicon trenches were converted into continuous p-n junction by the standard phosphorus diffusion process. 10B micro/nano particle suspension in ethyl alcohol was used for electrophoretic deposition of particles in deep trenches and iodine was used to change the zeta potential of the particles. The measured effective boron nanoparticles density inside the trenches was estimated to be 0.7 gm cm-3. Under the self-biased condition, the fabricated device showed the intrinsic thermal neutron detection efficiency of 20.9% for a 2.5 × 2.5 mm2 device area.

Neutron Detectors Made From Chemically Vapour Deposited Semiconductors

1997 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Foulon ◽  
P. Bergonzo ◽  
A. Brambilla ◽  
C. Jany ◽  
B. Guizard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Neutron Detection ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Neutron Detectors ◽  
Gadolinium Isotope ◽  
Neutron Detection Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous

AbstractIn this paper, we present the results of investigations on the use of semiconductors deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) for the fabrication of neutron detectors. For this purpose, 20 μm thick hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) pin diodes and 100 μm thick polycrystalline diamond resistive detectors were fabricated. The detectors were coupled to a neutron-charged particle converter : a layer of either gadolinium or boron (isotope 10 enriched) deposited by evaporation. We have demonstrated the capability of such neutron detectors to operate at neutron fluxes ranging from 101 to 106 neutrons/cm2.s. The fabrication of large area detectors for neutron counting or cartography through the use of multichannel reading circuits is discussed. The advantages of these detectors include the ability to produce large area detectors at low cost, radiation hardness (∼ 4 Mrad for a-Si:H and ∼ 100 Mrad for diamond), and for diamond, operation at temperatures up to 500°C. These properties enable the use of these devices for neutron detection in harsh environments. Thermal neutron detection efficiency up to 22 % and 3 % are expected by coupling a-Si:H diodes and diamond detectors to 3 μm thick gadolinium (isotope 157) and 2 μm thick boron layers, respectively.

Single source-based energy and efficiency calibration method for the assessment of an alpha imaging detector

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. C12017
Author(s):  
G. Kim ◽  
I. Lim ◽  
B. Kim ◽  
K. Song ◽  
J.-G. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Efficiency Calibration ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Standard Source ◽  
Imaging Detector ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
The Individual

Abstract An alpha imaging detector acquires a two-dimensional distribution of a sample that emits alpha particles. For the quantitative analysis of the image of an alpha-emitting sample, the individual energies of the alpha particles must be identified, which can be achieved using the spectrometric method after detector calibration. In this study, an energy and efficiency calibration method was investigated to assess an alpha imaging detector. The calibration was performed using a single standard source of Am-241 based on the energy loss characteristic of an alpha particle. The feasibility of the calibration method was evaluated using another source, Ac-225. The calibrated alpha imaging detector was evaluated in terms of energy resolution and detection efficiency, and the alpha imaging detector was found to be efficiently calibrated using a single standard source. The calibrated alpha imaging detector appears promising for the quantitative analysis of samples that emit alpha particles.

scholarly journals On Transducers Localization in Damage Detection by Wave Propagation Method

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Stawiarski ◽  
Aleksander Muc
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Wave Propagation Method ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper, the elastic wave propagation method was used in damage detection in thin structures. The effectiveness and accuracy of the system based on the wave propagation phenomenon depend on the number and localization of the sensors. The utilization of the piezoelectric (PZT) transducers makes possible to build a low-cost damage detection system that can be used in structural health monitoring (SHM) of the metallic and composite structures. The different number and localization of transducers were considered in the numerical and experimental analysis of the wave propagation phenomenon. The relation of the sensors configuration and the damage detection capability was demonstrated. The main assumptions and requirements of SHM systems of different levels were discussed with reference to the damage detection expectations. The importance of the damage detection system constituents (sensors number, localization, or damage index) in different levels of analysis was verified and discussed to emphasize that in many practical applications introducing complicated procedures and sophisticated data processing techniques does not lead to improving the damage detection efficiency. Finally, the necessity of the appropriate formulation of SHM system requirements and expectations was underlined to improve the effectiveness of the detection methods in particular levels of analysis and thus to improve the safety of the monitored structures.

scholarly journals Design and Optimisation of a Three Layers Thermal Neutron, Fast Neutron and Gamma-Ray Imaging System

2020 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 07002
Author(s):  
H. Al Hamrashdi ◽  
S. D. Monk ◽  
D. Cheneler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Silicon Photomultiplier ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Lithium Glass ◽  
Gamma Ray Imaging ◽  
Small Form Factor

The design and configuration of a multi-layered imaging system with the ability to detect thermal neutrons, fast neutrons and gamma rays has been developed and its efficacy demonstrated. The work presented here numerically determines the systems efficiency and spatial resolution, using 252Cf and 137Cs as a case study. The novelty of this detection system lies in the use of small form factor detectors in a three-layer design, which utilises neutron elastic scattering and Compton scattering simultaneously. The current configuration consists of 10 mm thick natural lithium glass (GS10) scintillator integrated with a 20 mm thick plastic scintillator (EJ-204) in the first layer, a 15 mm thick lithium glass (GS10) scintillator in the second and a 30 mm thick CsI(Tl) scintillator forming the final layer. Each of these layers is backed with an 8 x 8 silicon photomultiplier diode (SiPM) array. The overall size of the imaging system is 27 mm x 27 mm x 135 mm. MCNPv6.1 and Geant4-10.04 were alternatively used to optimise the overall configuration and to investigate detection modalities. Results show promising performance with high precision source localisation and characterization abilities. Measurements were virtually obtained of two gamma-ray sources within steel enclosures at angles of 15°, 30° and 50° separation in order to test spatial resolution ability of the system. With the current active size of the system and the 8x8 SiPM configuration, the results estimate the spatial resolution to be close to 30°. The ability of the system to characterise and identify sources based on the type and energy of the radiation emitted, has been investigated and results show that for all radiation types the system can identify the source energy within the energy range of typical reported sources in literature.

scholarly journals Ship Target Automatic Detection Based on Hypercomplex Flourier Transform Saliency Model in High Spatial Resolution Remote-Sensing Images

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian He ◽  
Yongfei Guo ◽  
Hangfei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Ship Detection ◽  
Saliency Model

Efficient ship detection is essential to the strategies of commerce and military. However, traditional ship detection methods have low detection efficiency and poor reliability due to uncertain conditions of the sea surface, such as the atmosphere, illumination, clouds and islands. Hence, in this study, a novel ship target automatic detection system based on a modified hypercomplex Flourier transform (MHFT) saliency model is proposed for spatial resolution of remote-sensing images. The method first utilizes visual saliency theory to effectively suppress sea surface interference. Then we use OTSU methods to extract regions of interest. After obtaining the candidate ship target regions, we get the candidate target using a method of ship target recognition based on ResNet framework. This method has better accuracy and better performance for the recognition of ship targets than other methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only accurately and effectively recognizes ship targets, but also is suitable for spatial resolution of remote-sensing images with complex backgrounds.

scholarly journals Spatial transcriptome profiling by MERFISH reveals subcellular RNA compartmentalization and cell cycle-dependent gene expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (39) ◽  
pp. 19490-19499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenglong Xia ◽  
Jean Fan ◽  
George Emanuel ◽  
Junjie Hao ◽  
Xiaowei Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Profiling ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Cycle Dependent

The expression profiles and spatial distributions of RNAs regulate many cellular functions. Image-based transcriptomic approaches provide powerful means to measure both expression and spatial information of RNAs in individual cells within their native environment. Among these approaches, multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) has achieved spatially resolved RNA quantification at transcriptome scale by massively multiplexing single-molecule FISH measurements. Here, we increased the gene throughput of MERFISH and demonstrated simultaneous measurements of RNA transcripts from ∼10,000 genes in individual cells with ∼80% detection efficiency and ∼4% misidentification rate. We combined MERFISH with cellular structure imaging to determine subcellular compartmentalization of RNAs. We validated this approach by showing enrichment of secretome transcripts at the endoplasmic reticulum, and further revealed enrichment of long noncoding RNAs, RNAs with retained introns, and a subgroup of protein-coding mRNAs in the cell nucleus. Leveraging spatially resolved RNA profiling, we developed an approach to determine RNA velocity in situ using the balance of nuclear versus cytoplasmic RNA counts. We applied this approach to infer pseudotime ordering of cells and identified cells at different cell-cycle states, revealing ∼1,600 genes with putative cell cycle-dependent expression and a gradual transcription profile change as cells progress through cell-cycle stages. Our analysis further revealed cell cycle-dependent and cell cycle-independent spatial heterogeneity of transcriptionally distinct cells. We envision that the ability to perform spatially resolved, genome-wide RNA profiling with high detection efficiency and accuracy by MERFISH could help address a wide array of questions ranging from the regulation of gene expression in cells to the development of cell fate and organization in tissues.

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