scholarly journals Influencing factors of the drying rate of sludge for solar drying chamber

2021 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
J Li ◽  
J G Yan ◽  
Y F Wang ◽  
K Yang ◽  
Y Y Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Chamber

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Novel Drying Chamber in Indirect Forced Convection Solar Drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9s) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Effective Distribution

Long drying time and less control on drying parameters in natural convection drying give way to forced convection indirect solar drying. In forced convection drying, an external blower supplies ambient air into the solar collector. The incoming air gets heated inside the collector and this air then flows into the drying chamber where the product to be dried is kept. The hot air absorbs the moisture from the raw crops and exits through the chimney. Along with the temperature and humidity of incoming air, its distribution inside the drying chamber is also important in the process of drying. The drying rate and quality can be improved if these parameters are under control in forced convection solar drying. In this paper, design and analysis of a novel drying chamber are presented to improve the performance and energy efficiency of solar drying with effective distribution of air inside the chamber. The variation of velocity with respect to different positions inside the drying chamber is also studied numerically.

scholarly journals Drying of washed clothing utilizing solar powered dryer

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Romero R.V ◽  
Romero N.V
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Drying Chamber

This study made setups that can be used in solar powered drying of washed clothing. This was used to analyze and test the performance, and determined if there is significant difference on the drying rate of set ups related to traditional and experimental method. A solar drying chamber was designed to use local materials in which the frame is made of bamboo with walls made of plastic to trap the heat of the sunlight entering the chamber. There were four set ups that were established in the gathering of data: S-1 is with electric fan, S-2 is with electric fan and electric flat iron, S-3 which did not use the drying chamber, is a traditional method where the garments C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 & C-5 of different sizes, shapes, width and weight were dried under the heat of the sun. S-4 is almost similar to S-3 but the difference is that the garments were dried with no sunlight. The drying chamber alone is effective to reduce the moisture content of the garments using sunlight. Using the electric fan and electric flat iron increased the circulation of the enclosed hot air and boasted the drying capacity. Although it was computed that P > ? in comparison of the data in all set ups, it is insufficient to conclude that there is no significant difference on data of the experimental and traditional set ups since the data for the traditional set ups are not complete until the garments are totally dried.

scholarly journals Study on Performance of Solar Dryer with Thermal Storage and Desiccant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Mr. Jeevan Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Drying Chamber

This paper presents experimentation on model developed to compare the performance of solar drying with and without dehumidification system. Basic components of system consist of flat plate solar collector, drying chamber, desiccant bed and blower to maintain forced air circulation inside the system. Humidity of fresh air supplied to collector reduced by passing it through two stationary desiccant beds, which work alternately for adsorption and regeneration. Exhaust heat used for regeneration thereby overall efficiency of system increased. Drying rate obtained from solar drying with desiccant bed, solar drying without desiccant bed and open sun drying are 0.1094 Kg/hour, 0.09375 Kg/hour, and 0.0775 Kg/hour respectively. It concluded that by use of desiccant bed increases drying rate that takes near about three hours less to reach same moisture content compared with solar drying without desiccant bed. From results obtained it further found that desiccant bed based solar dryer gives higher drying chamber efficiency than without desiccant bed system due to increased moisture pick-up capacity. Also, in built latent heat thermal storage was able to provide 7 to 8 0C higher temperature than surrounding after sunset for about 2 hours.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Pengeringan Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) dengan Alat Pengering Tipe Tray Dryer untuk Pembuatan Keripik Kulit Melinjo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Durry Munawar ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
Raida Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Drying Chamber

Abstrak. Pemanfaatan kulit melinjo sebagai produk makanan olahan belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Biasanya kulit melinjo tidak dimanfaatkan lagi dan dibuang begitu saja padahal kulit melinjo dapat diolah kembali menjadi beberapa produk makanan seperti keripik kulit melinjo, manisan, teh, pewarna makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengeringan dan mutu dalam pembuatan keripik kulit melinjo dengan alat pengering tipe tray dryer pada suhu 35oC dan 45oC. Masing-masing suhu tersebut diulang sebanyak dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu 35oC kelembaban udara yang diperoleh adalah 70,50% dengan lama pengeringan 390 menit (6,5 jam) dan rata-rata laju pengeringan sebesar 1,08 bk/menit, sedangkan pada suhu 45oC kelembaban udara yang diperoleh adalah 60,72% dengan lama pengeringan 300 menit (5 jam) dan rata-rata laju pengeringan sebesar 1,32 bk/menit. Kecepatan aliran udara ruang pengering pada suhu 35oC dan 45oC adalah konstan (2,4 m/s). Rata-rata kadar air awal kulit melinjo adalah 82,26% sedangkan kadar air akhir adalah 21,36%. Susut bobot pada suhu 35oC adalah 77,56% dan pada suhu 45oC adalah 77,32%. Hasil uji organoleptik terbaik adalah pada suhu 35oC dengan skor 4,28 untuk warna, 4,50 untuk aroma, 4,53 untuk rasa dan 4,40 untuk tekstur.Characteristic Melinjo Peel (Gnetum gnemon L) Drying with Tray Dryer for Making Melinjo Peel ChipsAbstract. The use of melinjo peel as a processed food product is not widely known in the public. Melinjo peel is usually no longer used and thrown away even though the peel could be reprocessed into several food products such as melinjo peel chips, confectionery, tea, and food coloring. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of drying and quality in the making of melinjo peel chips with tray dryer at 35oC and 45oC. Each temperature is repeated twice. The results showed that at a temperature of 35oC, the humidity was 70.50% with a drying time was 390 minutes (6.5 hours) and the average of drying rate was 1.08 dw/minute, meanwhile at 45oC the humidity was 60.72% with a drying time was 300 minutes (5 hours) and an average of drying rate was 1.32 dw/minute. The airflow velocity of the drying chamber at 35oC and 45oC was constant (2.4m/s). The average of initial moisture of melinjo peel was 82.26% and final moisture was 21.36%. The weight loss at 35oC was 77.56% and at 45oC was 77.32%. The best results of organoleptic test was at temperature 35oC with score 4.28 for color, 4.50 for flavor, 4.53 for taste and 4.40 for texture.

scholarly journals Small Scale Investigation of the Potential of Solar Drying of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) as A Control Measure in Makurdi

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
A O Edeoja ◽  
A O Owolabi
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Water Weed

Water hyacinth is the world's worst water weed that is responsible for many environmental and economical problems. Nigerian fresh waters have been infested with this aquatic weed. In this work, a Natural Convection Mixed Mode Solar Dryer for drying water hyacinth to about 10% of its moisture content was constructed and tested as a component of controlling its infestation of the River Benue. The performance of the dryer was compared with the traditional open–air sun drying as the control for drying water hyacinth in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria. The water hyacinth was dried for 8 hours each day for 4 days. 500g of water hyacinth on wet basis was dehydrated by about 437g on dry basis in 20 hours in the dryer while the control required 32 hours. The dryer was found to be technically more suitable for drying water hyacinth both in terms of the drying rate and quality of the dried product.

Simulation and Performance of a Solar Drying Unit with Storage for Aromatic and Medicinal Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ayadi ◽  
I. Zouari ◽  
A. Bellagi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Aromatic And Medicinal Plants ◽  
Transfer Equations ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract The objective of this work, based on a theoretical and experimental study, is to investigate the energy and economic performance of a totally solar drying unit with storage for aromatic and medicinal plants, to satisfy a dimensioning already carried out on a macroscopic scale for an energy request well defined: to dry a quantity of a given agricultural products during 1 day of harvest season, so between September and May, with a heat storage which relays at night. Drying experiments were conducted for spearmint grown in Tunisia. Mathematical formulation of the physical process of this solar drying unit based on conventional heat and mass transfer equations showed a certain agreement with the experimental results under climatic conditions of Tunis (Tunisia). All the experimental drying curves showed only a falling drying rate period. The main factor in controlling the drying rate was found to be the drying air temperature. It was observed that this unit is able to dry more than 2.5 kg of spearmint per day with a moisture reduction efficiency of 70%. It was found that for all the period of harvest, so for 5 months assumed dryer used per year, the payback period is 3.6 years.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model for Solar Drying of Grains

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
A. O. Fagunwa ◽  
O. A. Aregbesola ◽  
M. O. Faborode
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
Unique Method ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Mathematical modeling of drying process is a complex procedure that should be carefully done. Moreso, model for solar drying, which is a unique method of drying due to constant fluctuation in the climatic conditions, requires complete integration of the complex phenomena that are involved for accurate prediction of moisture content and drying rate. A mathematical model was developed from heat and mass balance equation considering the physical and thermal properties of the grain, meteorological factors and convective heat transfer during solar drying of grains. The data obtained from the model was compared with experimental results obtained using a solar dryer to dry five selected grains – cowpea, soyabean, groundnut, maize and sorghum at airflow rates of 0.22 m/s, 0.76 m/s and 0.94 m/s. The results from statistical analysis and regression analyses used to compare the results showed that the model is adequate in predicting the moisture content and drying rate of the selected grains as well as other agricultural products with closer physical and thermal properties.

scholarly journals Optimasi Pengering Pakaian Sistem Pompa Kalor dengan Penambahan Alat Penukar Kalor

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 020-027
Author(s):  
Dian Morfi Nasution ◽  
Himsar Ambarita ◽  
Farel H. Napitupulu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Types Of Clothing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Drying Chamber

Tingginya kesibukan masyarakat saat ini memacu banyaknya usaha laundry yang menawarkan jasa pencucian dan pengeringan pakaian dengan waktu yang singkat. Dalam hal ini sangat dibutuhkan sistem pengeringan pakaian yang efisien dari segi waktu dan energi serta tidak bergantung kepada cuaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan optimasi pengering pakaian sistem pompa kalor dengan menambahkan sebuah alat penukar kalor tipe plat datar untuk mendapatkan karakteristik pengeringan pakaian dan kinerja mesin pengering. Alat penukar kalor plat datar ditempatkan di antara ruang pengering dan evaporator. Pengeringan dilakukan terhadap 4 jenis bahan pakaian yang berbeda pada setiap variasi kecepatan udara. Diperoleh temperatur udara pada ruang pengering 48,24⁰C dengan kelembaban 24,6%. Laju pengeringan tertinggi diperoleh pada pengeringan 4 bahan pakaian secara bersamaan yaitu 0,3529 kg/jam yang menghasilkan nilai SMER sebesar 1,4537 kg/kWh dan SEC sebesar 0,6879 kWh/kg. Total prestasi pengering diperoleh 6,40 dengan efektivitas penukar kalor 62,24%. Semakin tinggi jumlah kadar air dengan waktu pengeringan yang singkat akan meningkatkan laju pengeringan. Laju pengeringan yang tinggi dengan konsumsi energi yang rendah akan menghasilkan nilai SMER yang tinggi dan menghasilkan nilai SEC yang rendah.   The high level of public activity is currently spurring the many laundry businesses that offer laundry and drying services in a short time. In this case, it needs efficient drying system in time and energy and not depending on weather. This study aims to optimize the heat pump system in drying clothes by adding a flat plate type heat exchanger to obtain the drying characteristic of clothes and the performance of the drying machine. Flat plate heat exchanger was placed between the drying chamber and the evaporator. The drying process was carried out in 4 different types of clothing material in each variation of air velocity. Air temperature was obtained in drying chamber of 48.24 ⁰C with a humidity of 24.6%. The highest drying rate was obtained from drying 4 clothing materials simultaneously, namely 0.3529 kg/hour which resulted in an SMER value of 1.4537 kg/kWh and SEC of 0.6879 kWh/kg. The total dryer performance was obtained at 6.40 with the effectiveness of heat exchanger 62.24%. The higher the amount of water in short drying time would increase the drying rate. A high drying rate with low energy consumption would result in a high SMER value and produce a low SEC value.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Pengeringan Gula Semut Menggunakan Alat Pengering Silinder Tipe Rak

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hary Kurniawan ◽  
Kiki Rizqia Septiyana ◽  
Muhammad Adnand ◽  
Imam Adriansyah ◽  
Hasmi Nurkayanti
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Drying Chamber

Abstrak. Gula semut merupakah salah satu penganekaragaman produk gula palma yang berbentuk butiran atau kristal yang bahan bakunya dapat berasal dari dari nira kelapa, nira aren atau nira siwalan. Salah satu tahapan penting dalam pembuatan gula semut yaitu pengeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakeristik pengeringan gula semut menggunakan alat pengering tipe rak yang berbentuk silinder. Alat pengering yang digunakan menggunakan gas LPG sebagai sumber panas. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu lingkungan dan suhu bahan di rak atas, tengah dan bawah, suhu udara yang masuk ke ruang pengering (inlet) dan suhu yang meninggalkan ruang pengering (cerobong). Perubahan kadar air gula semut juga diukur setiap waktu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suhu udara pengering dan suhu bahan baik di rak atas, tengah dan bawah berbeda signifikan. Sementara itu perubahan kadar air di setiap rak juga menunjukkan hal yang sama yaitu ada perbedaan nyata perubahan kadar air pada rak. Konstanta laju pengeringan sebesar 0,0119 - 0.0212 menit-1. Berdasarkan nilai R2 yang 0,5 menunjukkan bahwa kadar air yang diprediksi mampu menggambarkan kondisi yang mendekati perubahan kadar air yang sesungguhnya selama pengeringan.Characteristics of Drying Gula Semut Using Cylinder Abstract. Gula semut is one of the diversified products of palm sugar in the form of granules or powders made from palm sap, coconut sap, or siwalan sap. Drying is one of the important processes in making gula semut. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of drying gula semut using a cylinder geometry of the cabinet dryer. The dryer used LPG gas as a heat source. The parameters observed are the ambient temperature and the temperature of the sample in the top, middle and bottom racks, the temperature of inlet, and chimney. Changes in the moisture content of gula semut are also measured every time. The results showed that the ambient temperature of the drying chamber and the temperature of samples both on the top, middle, and bottom shelves differ significantly. There was a real difference in changes in the water content in the rack. The drying rate constants are 0.0119 to 0.0212 minutes-1. Based on the R2 value 0.5, it showed that the predicted moisture content was able to describe conditions that are close to changes in the actual moisture content during drying.

scholarly journals A Review on Solar Drying of Fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abdulrahim Al-Ismaili
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Drying Techniques ◽  
Dried Fish

Oman is one of the larger fish producers in the region. Due to high perishable rate of fish products, many preservation techniques were used such as smoking, drying, chilling, brining and freezing. Solar drying is the most popular technique due to its simplicity and low cost compared to other techniques. Objective. This study aims to review the different types of solar drying techniques and highlight the quality measures of solar dried fish. Review findings. Solar drying techniques can be divided into three types; open-sun drying, direct and indirect solar drying. The open-sun drying is the most adoptable method because it is the cheapest preservation technique. However, this technique has several drawbacks such as the uncertainty of weather, large implementation area, time-consuming, poor drying rate, high labour costs, attacking by insects, microorganism and birds, and mixing with dust and foreign materials. Solar dryers, on the other hand, overcome most of the drawbacks associated with open-sun drying. They have shorter drying time and higher drying rate, and at the same time they enhance the physical properties of dried fish. For better understanding of the drying processes many regression models were used and the exponential model was found to be the best fitted model describing the drying behaviour. The fish have very good nutritional value due to higher amount of proteins, lipids and ash contents with comparison to fresh fish. For higher shelf life fish has to meet certain characteristics with respect to pH, water activity, microbial load, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and enzymatic autolysis. For a very good quality, the pH must be ranging from 6.0-6.9 and the water activity must be lower than 0.7. The TVB-N and TMA-N are indicators of spoilage and their upper acceptable limits are 10-15 mg/100g and 35-40 mg/100g, respectively. Total plate count (TPC) and total fungal count (TFC) are two attributes used to assess the microbiological quality of fish products. The autolysis changes in the fish lead to spoilage as a result of the production of biogenic amines and microbial growth. Conclusions. Studying the health aspect of dried fish is very important for the human body to obtain a greater proportion of proteins and important substances away from the harmful chemicals that may appear in traditional draying technique.

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