scholarly journals The variation of carbon content and bulk density on different time period post fire and peat depth

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012096
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Qirom ◽  
Tri Wira Yuwati ◽  
Dony Rachmanadi ◽  
Wawan Halwany
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Soil Carbon Content ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract Peatland plays the biggest carbon sink and the biggest carbon stock is in the soil. The main factors determining the number of carbon stock are bulk density and soil carbon content. Fire has caused the changes in the soil biophysical condition however limited study has been performed. The aim of this study is to obtain the number of carbon content and bulk density on post burning sites and various peat depth. The study was conducted on post burning peatland sites after 22 years, 16 years, 5 years and one site that has never been burnt. Two hundred and eighteen soil samples were collected up to the 5 m depth. Laboratorium analysis was carried out using Loss of Ignition method. The result showed that the average carbon content was 52.65% with the biggest carbon content was 53.98% from the site that has never been burnt. Nevertheless, the carbon content was not effected by the fire scenes. Peat depth had effect on the carbon content adjacent to the peat sub-stratum. Generally, the carbon content was lower following the distance to peat sub-stratum however the number of carbon content varied on the upper layer of peat sub-stratum. The carbon content value was different with the conversion factor of 46% or 50%, respectively. It was shown by the diversity analysis that the conversion value different with the value of carbon obtained in this research (Pvalue < 0.05). The peat bulk density was not effected by the period of fire. Generally, the bulk density was bigger following the distance to peat sub-stratum and it showed no pattern on the upper layer of the peat sub-stratum. The implication of this study emphasized that the conversion factor for peatland should be more than 50% to prevent underestimate carbon stock prediction.

scholarly journals The Influence of Afforestation on Upland Soils: The Use of ‘Bomb 14C’ Enrichment as a Quantitative Tracer for Changes in Organic Status

Radiocarbon ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D Harkness ◽  
A F Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Carbon Content ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Inventory

A series of soil samples were collected in November 1984 from five stands of Sitka spruce planted at recorded times between 1951 and 1968. Within a comprehensive program of ecologic and biogeochemical analyses, natural 14C measurements on selected organic components of the 0 to 5cm soil horizons serve to quantify progressive changes induced in the organic carbon inventory and relative to that of the original grassland. Points of particular interest are: 1) an enhanced input of fresh organic matter in the years immediately following planting; this, in parallel with a net decrease in the total carbon content of the topsoil; 2) this freshly introduced carbon predominates in the soil profile even after 30 years of afforestation; 3) during the 15- to 30-year growth period, the soil carbon content remains constant but progressive changes occur in its biogeochemical composition and rate of turnover.

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration Potential of Cropland at Different Doses of Composts in Southern Togo

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Gbénonchi Mawussi ◽  
Ayi K. Adden ◽  
Larounga Tchaniley ◽  
Komla Sanda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to assess the carbon sequestration potential of cropland amended at different doses of solid household waste compost. Field experiments were conducted during four cropping seasons alternating maize and tomato. Soil samples were collected on experimental plots in 20 cm depth for soil organic carbon content determination using wet oxidation method while bulk density was measured by the core method (volumetric cylinder method) with undisturbed soil samples taken in 0 - 20 cm with steel cylinder of 100 cm3. Carbon sequestration potential varied with carbon content, bulk density and soil depth. The results shown that amount of carbon sequestered under maize cultivation (0.035±0.03 to 0.191±0.03 t C ha-1) was higher than those recorded under tomato growing areas (0.016±0.03 to 0.164±0.02 t C ha-1). Carbon sequestration rates ranged from 0.105±0.01 to 0.573±0.01 t C ha-1 yr-1 under maize cultivation and from 0.048±0.02 to 0.492±0.03 t C ha-1 yr-1 under tomato growing. It is able to conclude that household waste compost application contributes to increase carbon accumulation in soil.

scholarly journals Impact of removal of rubber plantation – a high altitude ecosystem for urbanization on CO2 mitigating capacity by loss of carbon sink.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambily K K ◽  
A. Ulaganathan ◽  
G. C. Sathisha
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mitigating climate change and global warming through carbon sequestration of tree ecosystem is of prime importance due to cost effective, environment friendly and ecological sustainability. Urbanization is a part of development and generally rubber plantations were usually removed for this purpose especially in Kerala, the southern state of India. Besides commercially high yield of latex, the economic produce of rubber plant and the associated income, rubber tree is fairly good sink for carbon in its biomass with an average carbon content of 42 per cent and substantial carbon stock in soil. This study pointed out the serious carbon sink loss from the removal of rubber plantation for urbanization, one of the major development activities which resulted in the damage of the self-sustained carbon friendly and economically sound perennial rubber ecosystem. The present popular clone (RRII 105) existing in major share (85 %) of the total rubber cultivation in India accounts carbon sink loss 57t/ha, 57.5t/ha, 43.2t/ha for 23 years and 148t/ha, 75t/ha and 62.1t/ha for 30 years from biomass, litter fall and sheet rubber respectively. The establishing modern clones RRII 414, RRII 429 and RRII 417 having higher growth rate and biomass recorded still higher (44–50 per cent) carbon sink loss compared to the existing popular clone RRII 105. The carbon sink loss in the form of stored carbon in soil is 56.5 with soil carbon content between 1.2 to 2 per cent. Due to the growth variation in extreme climatic conditions, the clones recorded differences in carbon stock and thereby carbon sink loss. The central region of Kerala showed higher loss and lower loss was in the drought affected northern region than South region. The total carbon sink loss for 23, 30 years were 214.2 and 341.5 t/ha respectively. Maintenance of green spaces/areas including vegetation having higher C-sequestration potential and trees having higher lignin content to increase carbon capture for mitigating the impact of removal of plantations especially in high altitude to some extent in the scenario of inevitable developmental activities and urban developments to become environment friendly. From the study it was clear that the removal of rubber plantation affecting the carbon sink loss greatly and thereby the CO2 mitigating capacity and is a serious matter of concern.

scholarly journals Machine-Learning Classification of Soil Bulk Density in Salt Marsh Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4408
Author(s):  
Iman Salehi Hikouei ◽  
S. Sonny Kim ◽  
Deepak R. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Marsh Soil ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Salt Marsh Soil

Remotely sensed data from both in situ and satellite platforms in visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared (VNIR–SWIR, 400–2500 nm) regions have been widely used to characterize and model soil properties in a direct, cost-effective, and rapid manner at different scales. In this study, we assess the performance of machine-learning algorithms including random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting machines (XGBoost), and support vector machines (SVM) to model salt marsh soil bulk density using multispectral remote-sensing data from the Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) platform. To our knowledge, use of remote-sensing data for estimating salt marsh soil bulk density at the vegetation rooting zone has not been investigated before. Our study reveals that blue (band 1; 450–520 nm) and NIR (band 4; 770–900 nm) bands of Landsat-7 ETM+ ranked as the most important spectral features for bulk density prediction by XGBoost and RF, respectively. According to XGBoost, band 1 and band 4 had relative importance of around 41% and 39%, respectively. We tested two soil bulk density classes in order to differentiate salt marshes in terms of their capability to support vegetation that grows in either low (0.032 to 0.752 g/cm3) or high (0.752 g/cm3 to 1.893 g/cm3) bulk density areas. XGBoost produced a higher classification accuracy (88%) compared to RF (87%) and SVM (86%), although discrepancies in accuracy between these models were small (<2%). XGBoost correctly classified 178 out of 186 soil samples labeled as low bulk density and 37 out of 62 soil samples labeled as high bulk density. We conclude that remote-sensing-based machine-learning models can be a valuable tool for ecologists and engineers to map the soil bulk density in wetlands to select suitable sites for effective restoration and successful re-establishment practices.

Estimation of Soil Degradation Rate Constants from Vertical Distribution of Soil Carbon Content

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
Takuya Kawanishi ◽  
Hiroyuki Amano ◽  
Eriko Masani ◽  
Yoshishige Hayashi ◽  
Naoto Kamata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Soil Carbon Content

scholarly journals ESTIMASI CADANGAN KARBON PADA LAMUN DI PESISIR TIMUR KABUPATEN BINTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
. Khairunnisa ◽  
Isdradjad Setyobudiandi ◽  
Mennofatria Boer
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystem ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Standard Value

ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk mengurangi emisi gas karbon pemicu pemanasan global adalah dengan memanfaatkan vegetasi pesisir seperti lamun yang dikenal dengan istilah blue carbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stok karbon pada padang lamun di Pesisir Timur Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau sebagai upaya dalam mengurangi pemanasan global. Penelitian dilakukan di Berakit, Malang Rapat, dan Teluk Bakau mulai Januari – Juli 2017. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah biomassa, kandungan karbon, dan stok karbon pada lamun. Analisis biomassa diukur dari berat kering lamun per satuan luas yang dibagi atas bagian atas dan bawah substrat, kandungan karbon diukur dengan metode Walkley and Black, stok karbon diukur dengan memperhatikan kandungan karbon dan biomassa lamun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekosistem lamun di pesisir timur Kabupaten Bintan ditumbuhi oleh C. rotundata, C. serrulata, E. acoroides, H. uninervis, H. pinifolia, H. ovalis, T. hemprichii, T. ciliatum dan S. isoetifolium dengan kondisi yang relatif baik.  Persentase biomassa dan karbon yang berada di bawah substrat lebih besar dibanding biomassa yang berada di atas substrat, sehingga ketika bagian pelepah dan daun lamun lepas baik karena tindakan manusia ataupun alam lamun masih tetap mampu menyimpan karbon. Padang lamun di pesisir sebelah timur Kabupaten Bintan memiliki potensi dalam menyerap dan menyimpan karbon yakni sebesar 2431.33 ton C dengan E. acoroides sebagai spesies yang mampu menghasilkan biomassa terbesar dan kandungan karbon tertinggi, meski jumlah tersebut tidak dapat dijadikan acuan apakah lamun memiliki potensi yang tinggi ataupun tidak karena hingga saat ini belum ada nilai standardnya. ABSTRACTOne of the solutions to reduce carbon gas emissions that triggered global warming is to utilize coastal vegetation such as seagrass that known as blue carbon. This research was aimed to determine stock carbon on seagrass in the east coast of Bintan Regency, Kepulauan Riau Province as an effort to reduce global warming.  The research was conducted in Berakit, Malang Rapat, and Teluk Bakau from January to July 2017. The parameters measured in this research were biomass, carbon content, and carbon stock on seagrass. The anylisis of the biomass was obtained from the dry weight per unit area, the carbon content was obtained by Walkley and black method, the carbon stock was obtained by the measurement of the biomass and carbon content. Based on the observation, seagrass ecosystem in east coast of Bintan was palnted by C. rotundata, C. serrulata, E. acoroides, H. uninervis, H. pinifolia, H. ovalis, T. hemprichii, T. ciliatum, dan S. isoetifolium. The below ground biomass and carbon percentation were higher that the aboveground parts so when the leaves are released either because of human or natural actions, seagrass is still able to store carbon. Seagrass beds on the east coast of Bintan Regency have the potential to absorb and store carbon which is equal to 2431.33 tons C as E. acoroides being the species which capable of producing the highest biomass and highest carbon content, although this number cannot be used as a reference whether seagrass has high potential or no because until now there has been no standard value. 

scholarly journals Cadangan Karbon pada Ekosistem Padang Lamun di Siantan Tengah Taman Wisata Perairan Kepulauan Anambas

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al Rizky Ratno Budiarto ◽  
Johan Iskandar ◽  
Tri Dewi Kusumaningrum Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Seagrass Biomass ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata

Secara global, ekosistem lamun dianggap sebagai penyerap karbon sehingga dapat berkontribusi terhadap mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, biomassa dan cadangan karbon pada komunitas padang lamun di perairan Siantan Tengah Taman Wisata Perairan (TWP) Kepulauan Anambas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2019 s.d Januari 2020. Uji kandungan karbon dilakukan dengan metode Welkley and Black sedangkan untuk mendapatkan biomassa menggunakan metode gravimetrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga jenis lamun, yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Cymodocea rotundata. Nilai biomassa lamun berkisar antara 171,89 – 275,68 gbk/m2 dan nilai cadangan karbon berada pada kisaran 51,89 – 80,66 gC/m2. Padang lamun di Siantan Tengah memiliki luas 130,45 ha, sehingga total Cadangan karbon pada ekosistem padang lamun di perairan Siantan Tengah diperkirakan 95,88 ton C. Penelitian ini membuktikan adanya kandungan karbon pada biomassa lamun sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa padang lamun berperan sebagai penyerap karbon (carbon sink).  Globally, seagrass ecosystems are considered as carbon sink so that it can contribute to climate change mitigation. This research aims to determine the species composition, biomass, and carbon stock in seagrass communities in Siantan Tengah Marine Tourism Park of Anambas Islands. The research was conducted in Agustus 2019 – January 2020.  The carbon content test was carried out by the Walkley and Black method while to obtain biomass using the gravimetric method. The result od study showed that there are three species of seagrasses, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, and Cymodocea rotundata. Seagrass biomass value range 171,89 – 275,68 gbk/m2 and seagrass carbon stock value range 51,89 – 80,66 gC/m2. The area of seagrass beds in Central Siantan is 130,45 ha so that the total carbon stock estimated reach 95,88 tons C. This research proves the presence of carbon in the biomass of seagrass beds, so it can be concluded that seagrass beds act as carbon sinks.

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