scholarly journals Agro-energy efficiency of improved technologies for the production of pasture fodder in upland meadows of the Central non-Chernozem region

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012048
Author(s):  
A A Kutuzova ◽  
V M Kosolapov ◽  
K N Privalova ◽  
E E Provornaya ◽  
E G Sedova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Green Fodder

Abstract On the basis of a modern method of agro-energy assessment of anthropogenic non-renewable energy sources and natural renewable resources, scientific evidence of the high economic efficiency of green fodder production on cultivated pastures is presented. Two field experiments were carried out to improve the composition of cereal grasses with the participation of domestic zoned varieties of perennial ryegrass and festulolium, as well as similar grass mixtures with the inclusion of legumes: white clover and red clover. The total anthropogenic costs have been determined, the return on their exchange energy in the produced feed was 3-4 times and even 10 times, the role of natural factors in the structure of the obtained exchange energy was established. This serves as a theoretical basis for the indicators of the economic efficiency of cultivated pastures created using resource-saving technologies: mainly due to the long-term use of cereal grasses (for 14 years) or the supply of biological nitrogen on legume and cereal grasses, replacing the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N126-131 per year (on average for 7 years) on dry meadows of the Non-Chernozem zone.

scholarly journals Agro-energetic efficiency of improved technologies of pasture fodder production in dry grasslands of the Non-Chernozem region

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
A A Kutuzova ◽  
V M Kosolapov ◽  
K N Privalova ◽  
E E Provornaya ◽  
E G Sedova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Dry Grasslands ◽  
Fodder Production

Abstract Based on the modern method of agro-energetic evaluation of anthropogenic non-renewable energy sources and natural renewable resources, scientific evidence of high economic efficiency of green fodder production on cultivated pastures is presented. Two field experiments on improving the composition of grass herbage with the participation of domestic zoned varieties of ryegrass pasture and Festulolium, as well as similar grass mixtures with the inclusion of legumes: creeping clover and meadow clover were carried out. The total anthropogenic expenses were determined as well as the recoupment of their exchange energy by 3-4 and even 10 times in the produced forage. The role of natural factors in the structure of the received exchange energy was determined. This serves as a theoretical basis for the economic efficiency of indicators of cultivated pastures created by resource-saving technologies: mainly due to the longterm use of cereal grasses (for 14 years) or the receipt of biological nitrogen on legume-grass stands, which replaces the use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers in the dose N126-131 per year (average for 7 years) on dry grasslands of the Nonchernozem zone.

scholarly journals Agroeconomic prospects for the use of nitrogen fertilizers for field crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
G. M. Gospodarenko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Cherno ◽  
A. T. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The issues of recoupment of nitrogen fertilizers are considered, since they determine the need for fertilizers and the agro-economic efficiency of their use. It is shown that the payback of fertilizers is a complex value and not constant in different crops. The increase in yield from fertilizers in kind is taken on the basis of field experiments with fertilizers carried out on podzolized chernozem of the opita field of the Uman NUS. The cost of an increase in the yield from the use of nitrogen fertilizers was determined by the average actual sales prices of products prevailing on the market through various sales channels in the 6th quarter of 2021. Additional costs included: the cost of fertilizers, a margin for their delivery to the farm, the cost of using it on the farm and collecting increase in yield from nitrogen fertilizers. The cost of ammonium nitrate was taken at UAH 24,000 / t with the addition of a margin for their delivery to the farm. The costs of using fertilizers on the farm and collecting an increase in yield were set calculated according to the accepted standards. The difference between the value of the yield increase (PU) and additional costs (AD) gives the net income received from the use of fertilizers. The ratio of the cost of increasing the yield to additional costs shows their payback. On the basis of comparing the indicators of PU and DZ, the boundaries of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers were determined: PU> DZ (general expression of the task). We also calculated the minimum required increase in yield from fertilizers and the limits of price increases for nitrogen fertilizers. It has been established that at a price of ammonium nitrate of UAH 24,000 / t and the cost of its use in optimal doses for field crops against the background of a balanced phosphorus-potassium nutrition, the cost of an increase in yield is 3075–47894 UAH/ha. Payback of 1 kg a.c. nitrogen fertilization varies in a wide range – from 3.0 to 217.3 hryvnyas, depending on the crop. The limit of the unprofitable price per unit of the active substance of nitrogen fertilizers at the optimal application rate depends on the crop and is in the range of UAH 76.5–219.0 /ha. With the current disparity in prices for crop products and ammonium nitrate (24,000 UAH/t), its use is profitable, which is explained by the low ability of podzolized chernozem to provide plants with nitrogen, biological requirements of crops for this food element and technologies for their cultivation. Key words: nitrogen fertilizers, agricultural crops, fertilizer recoupment, loss threshold, price increase limit.

scholarly journals INTENSIFICATION OF THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES – THE OBJECTIVE NEED TO IMPROVE RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS OF THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Mykola Parkhomets ◽  
Petro Putsenteilo ◽  
Liudmyla Uniiat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving

Purpose. The aim of the article is substantiation of theoretical bases of RES use and practical aspects of economic efficiency of various projects on use of solar energy depending on territorial conditions of the enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex of Ukraine as a factor of resource saving and energy efficiency. Methodology of research. Dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena, economic, financial, comparative and monographic methods (for analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of RES in different territorial conditions of Ukraine), are used to achieve this goal as well as abstract and logical method (for theoretical generalizations, conclusions). Findings. The efficiency of solar energy use in different territorial conditions of Ukraine is substantiated. The efficiency of projects under different scenarios of production of agro-industrial complex (drinking water) is calculated on the example of PJSC “Dobra Voda” of Zboriv district of Ternopil region. It is established that the most effective project for this enterprise in all studied production scenarios is a project with a capacity of 1 MW, the second place in terms of efficiency is occupied by a project with a capacity of 850 kW, in third place ‒ a project with a capacity of 700 kW, and the least effective is a project with a capacity of 585 kW. The economic efficiency of investment projects in the dynamics of 25 years using discounting methods was studied and it was found that the project with a capacity of 1 MW is the most effective in all scenarios of production at the enterprise. It is concluded on the basis of an in-depth study of the effectiveness of existing projects in different territorial conditions of Ukraine that these projects for the use of solar energy in the eastern and southern regions of the country may have better performance indicators of economic efficiency 1.5-2 times. Taking into account the experience of the EU-28, it is substantiated that in Ukraine, which has a strong biological potential, the priority should be to accelerate the development of bioenergy, which will increase RES and on this basis to replace gas and oil, reduce production costs, improve its competitiveness; to clean the environment in all regions of the country; increase the number of jobs and improve the social and economic living conditions of the population. Originality. Theoretical approaches to the assessment of economic efficiency of projects of different capacity for the use of solar energy according to the options that take into account the territorial features of their implementation at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine are substantiated. Practical value. The main provisions and conclusions set out in the article contain methodological and practical recommendations for the formation of a system of resource conservation and the use of renewable energy sources at enterprises. Key words: resource saving, energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, hydropower, efficiency, competitiveness.

scholarly journals Energy Value, Economic and Ecological Meaning of Perennial Leguminous and Legume-cereal Agrocoenoses in the Central Non-Black Soil Area of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3920-3937
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Lukashov ◽  
Alexander N. Isakov ◽  
Alexey A. Slipets ◽  
Svetlana D. Malakhova ◽  
Vera A. Vasilyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Agriculture Research Institute ◽  
Soil Area

The research is important because it is necessary to get the perennial leguminous grasses and the legume-cereal grass mixtures involved in the wide production. In this connection, this paper is aimed at discussing evident advantages of growing the perennial leguminous grasses and the legume-cereal grass mixtures in terms of energy, protein and economic efficiency, their use as the main link during the agriculture biologization an ecologization in the Central Non-black soil area of Russia.The major method of researching this problem was the field experiments carried out using the facilities of Kaluga Agriculture Research Institute, which allowed implementing the comprehensive comparison of the annual and perennial fodder crops and their mixtures. The paper covers comparative data on energy and monetary expenditures on growing the annual and perennial fodder crops and their mixtures, recoupment of them by harvesting the gross and exchange energy. The energy and economic efficiency of producing the exchange energy and crude protein during growing the various fodder crops and mixtures was calculated. Advantages of growing the perennial leguminous grasses and the legume-cereal grass mixtures in the Central Non-black soil area of Russia were substantiated experimentally. The paper materials are of practical value to the plant growing branch in selecting the crops to be grown and forming the crop rotations in Russia’s Central part.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

scholarly journals Energy Assessment of Sorghum Cultivation in Southern Ukraine

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Oleg Bazaluk ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Mykhailo Fedorchuk ◽  
Vitalii Nitsenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Global climate changes and fossil fuel reserve depletion are drivers for the search for environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. In Europe, biomass represents the main alternative to fossil fuels. Among energy crops, sorghum is a promising crop for arid regions. The biomass yield and energy efficiency of sorghum (both silage and grain) were studied based on field experiments conducted in Southern Ukraine. The following climate changes were identified: an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation. The total energy inputs for sweet sorghum were estimated at 11.256 GJ/ha. The main contributors to the energy inputs are mineral fertilizers (56.99%). The experiment showed that a yield of 40.6 t/ha could be achieved with annual precipitation of 350 mm. The energy efficiency ratio was determined to be 11.18. The total energy inputs for grain sorghum was 16.081 GJ/ha. Its yield (grain) varied from 1.92 to 7.05 t/ha. The energy efficiency ratio of grain sorghum ranged from 2.8 to 16.7.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

Control of Silvery-Thread Moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.) in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) Putting Greens

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith D. Burnell ◽  
Fred H. Yelverton ◽  
Joseph C. Neal ◽  
Travis W. Gannon ◽  
J. Scott McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Elk River ◽  
Turfgrass Quality

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate chemicals for silvery-thread moss control and bentgrass turfgrass quality. Treatments included iron (Fe)-containing products, nitrogen fertilizers, Ultra Dawn dishwashing detergent (UD) at 3% (v/v), and oxadiazon. In general, greater silvery-thread moss control was achieved with Fe-containing products. Ferrous sulfate at 40 kg Fe/ha plus ammonium sulfate at 30 kg N/ha, a combined product of ferrous oxide, ferrous sulfate, and iron humates (FEOSH) at 125 kg Fe/ha, and a combined product of iron disulfide and ferrous sulfate (FEDS) at 112 kg Fe/ha reduced silvery-thread moss populations 87, 81, and 69%, respectively, 6 wk after initial treatment (WAIT). UD reduced silvery-thread moss populations 57% 6 WAIT. The addition of oxadiazon to Fe-containing treatments did not improve silvery-thread moss population reduction. Other experiments evaluated two formulations of chlorothalonil, each applied at two rates, chlorothalonil with zinc at 9.5 and 17.4 kg ai/ha and chlorothalonil without zinc at 9.1 and 18.2 kg/ ha, and two spray volumes (2,038 and 4,076 L/ha). Greater silvery-thread moss population reduction was observed at Jefferson Landing in 1999 compared with Elk River in 1999 and 2000. Rainfall events at Elk River in 1999 and 2000 within 24 h after application and no rain at Jefferson Landing may account for variation in performance of products between sites. However, no difference in chlorothalonil formulation, rate, or spray volume was observed in any location or year. These data indicate that Fe-containing fertilizers or chlorothalonil can be used to reduce silvery-thread moss populations in creeping bentgrass putting greens.

Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin for cow feeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Волошин ◽  
Н. Морозков
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Perennial Legume

По результатам научных исследований, выполненных за ряд лет в растениеводстве и животноводстве, показана целесообразность интродукции в кормопроизводство Пермского края новой многолетней бобовой культуры эспарцета песчаного. По четырёхлетним наблюдениям (2012 2015 годы) в полевых опытах культура не уступала по урожайности кормовой массы традиционному для региона клеверу луговому, а по концентрации обменной энергии и сырого протеина в сухом веществе была на уровне клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой, но в разы превосходила их по содержанию сахара. Сенаж это единственный вид зимнего корма, максимально сохраняющий обменную энергию, протеин, сахар, каротин, достаточно концентрированный, чтобы обеспечивать потребности высокопродуктивных животных. В 2018 году на Лобановском молочном комплексе ООО Русь в Пермском районе Пермского края были проведены научнохозяйственный и физиологический опыты по скармливанию сенажа из эспарцета песчаного голштинизированным коровам чёрнопёстрой породы. При использовании сенажа из эспарцета песчаного животные в сутки потребляли сухого вещества на 2,3 3,9 кг на голову больше по сравнению с группой, где в рационе было сено (контроль). В результате использования сенажа из эспарцета песчаного переваримость сухого вещества рациона у опытных групп животных была выше на 2,55 5,80 по сравнению с контрольной органического вещества на 2,54 4,14 . За учётный период научнохозяйственного опыта (120 дней) от коров опытных групп получено по 399327,2 и 414431,9 кг молока, что со средней степенью достоверности выше продуктивности животных контрольной группы (391045,4). По содержанию молочного жира и молочного белка преимущество достоверно также было за опытными группами. Затраты корма на 1 кг молока составили в контроле 0,74 энергетических корм. ед. (ЭКЕ), в опытных группах 0,71 и 0,69 ЭКЕ. Hungarian sainfoin was shown to be an effective perennial legume crop in the forage production of the Perm Territory. For 4 years (2012 2015) this crop produced forage mass, exchange energy and crude protein comparable to the ones of red clover and bastard alfalfa but exceeded them significantly in carbohydrate content. Haylage is the only type of winter forage that has sufficient concentrations of exchange energy, protein, carbohydrates and carotene, satisfying needs of highproductive livestock in nutrients. Haylage from Hungarian sainfoin was fed to Holstein BlackandWhite cows in the frame of experiments conducted in 2018. Cows consumed 2.3 3.9 kg more of dry matter (DM) with the haylage, compared to hay (control). Digestibilities of DM and organic matter were 2.55 5.80 and 2.54 4.14 higher than in the control group, respectively. For 120 days the experimental groups produced 3993 27.2 and 4144 31.9 kg of milk versus 3910 45.4 kg of the control one. The former also exceeded the latter in milk fat and protein contents. Fodder costs per 1 kg of milk amounted to 0.74 energy feed units in the control and 0.71 and 0.69 energy feed units in the experimental groups.

scholarly journals Residual effect of clover-rich leys on soil nitrogen and successive grain crops

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NYKÄNEN ◽  
A. GRANSTEDT ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biological N Fixation

Legume-based leys form the basis for crop rotations in organic farming as they fix nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere for the succeeding crops. The age, yield, C:N, biological N fixation (BNF) and total N of red clover-grass leys were studied for their influence on yields, N uptake and N use efficiency (NUE) of the two sequential cereal crops planted after the leys. Mineral N in deeper soil (30-90 cm) was measured to determine N leaching risk. Altogether, four field experiments were carried out in 1994-1998 at two sites. The age of the ley had no significant effect on the yields and N uptake of the two subsequent cereals. Surprisingly, the residual effect of the leys was negligible, at 0–20 kg N ha-1yr-1. On the other hand, the yield and C:N of previous red clover-grass leys, as well as BNF-N and total-N incorporated into the soil influenced subsequent cereals. NUEs of cereals after ley incorporation were rather high, varying from 30% to 80%. This might indicate that other factors, such as competition from weeds, prevented maximal growth of cereals. The mineral N content deeper in the soil was mostly below 10 kg ha-1 in the sandy soil of Juva, but was 5-25 kg ha-1 in clayey soil of Mietoinen.;

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