scholarly journals Increasing productivity of mungbean (vigna radiata (l.) Wilczek) under subsistence farming in Eastern Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
Agustina Asri Rahmianna ◽  
Tony Basuki ◽  
Medo Kote ◽  
Yohanes L. Seran ◽  
Rao C.N. Rachaputi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Holder

Abstract Mungbean is one of the major food legume and cash crops grown and consumed by small holder farmers under rain-fed conditions in Eastern Indonesia. However, the mungbean productivity has been low, less than 1 ton ha−1 due to a number of reasons including poor awareness about new varieties and skills of crop management. Two trials: varietal trial and management practices were conducted at Malaka District, East Nusa Tenggara during wet season 2008. The varietal trial in six sites resulted in identification of Sriti, Murai, Betet, and Vima 1 varieties had high productivity (1.1-1.5 t ha−1) with single harvest, shorter maturity, compared to the local varieties which were characterized by lower productivity (1.0-1.1 t ha−1), multiple harvests and longer maturity. The management practices found that selected varieties in combination with improved technology gave doubled seed yields compared to the yields when grown using local technology. These activities showed a reliable pathway to increase productivity of mungbean at small holder levels. The varietal and agronomic management trials demonstrated the impact of the technologies on mungbean productivity at small holder levels and identified future needs to sustain food productivity in remote regions on Eastern Indonesia.

Soil seed bank and vegetation dynamics in Sahelian fallows; the impact of past cropping and current grazing treatments

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Hérault ◽  
Pierre Hiernaux
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
The Impact

The soil seed bank in a 5-y-old Sahelian fallow was studied through seed extraction and compared with germinations recorded either in controlled conditions, ex situ in a glasshouse, or in the field. The influence of phosphorus fertilizer and mulch application during the preceding crop period, and that of seasonal grazing regimes applied the last 2 y of fallowing, were assessed on the composition of the seed stock. Ctenium elegans, Fimbristylis hispidula, Merremia pinnata and Phyllanthus pentandrus accounted together for 75% of extracted seeds, 72% of ex situ, and 62% of in situ seedlings. Mulch treatment was correlated with the first axis of the canonical correspondence analyses performed on the seedling datasets. Mulch and phosphorus fertilizer treatments held similar responses, as they both favoured the seed bank of erect dicotyledons such as P. pentandrus and Cassia mimosoides. On the whole, the effects of grazing remained modest compared with the residual effects of past crop management practices. However, seedling densities increased as a result of dry-season grazing, while the soil seed bank decreased with wet-season grazing. Grazing also reduced the spatial heterogeneity of the seed bank rather than the overall number of species.

scholarly journals What impact does the adoption of drought-tolerant maize for Africa have on the yield and poverty status of farmers in the arid region of Nigeria?

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-317
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Obayelu ◽  
Oluwatomi Fakolujo ◽  
Bola Awotide
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Holder

Maize production in Nigeria has not been able to meet the needs of people owing to drought, low productivity and lack of access to improved varieties by the farmers. Increased agricultural yield is a potential means for increasing household income, which tends to lower the poverty status of small-holder farmers. This study assessed the impact of Drought-Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) on the yield and poverty status of farmers in the northwestern region of Nigeria. The study used the dataset from Adoption of DTMA Survey by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, with 293 respondents from northwestern Nigeria (90 adopters and 203 non-adopters of DTMA). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, binary regression and propensity score matching methods. Results showed that small-holder farmers were more likely to adopt DTMA than bigger farms. Adopters had an increase in DTMA yield of 9,262.77kg/ha while the counterfactual non-adopters had an increase of 3,807.74kg/ha. The adoption of DTMA reduced the probability of being poor by 60 percent for the treatment group while poverty incidence was reduced by 35% among the non-adopters. The general conclusion is that DTMA adoption program improved maize yield and reduced poverty incidence among rural households.

scholarly journals Productivity and Technical Efficiency Variability among Small-Holder Cotton Farmers in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Paul Maganga Nsimbila
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Cotton Farmers ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Given ◽  
Small Holder

This study assessed the productivity and technical efficiency variability among small-holder cotton farmers in Bunda district, Tanzania. The efficiency analysis results have shown that the scores of technical efficiency sample of contract farmers varied from 1.75% to 87.07%, with an average of 46.05%. The implication of this is that there existed considerable technical deficiency in cotton farming. That is to say, usually, small-holder cotton contract farmers in the investigation region incurred loss of about 53.95% in outputs as a result of technical deficiency. The sources of inefficiency for contract farmers were experience of contract farmers, gender of household head and owning Television (TV)On the other hand, non-contract small-holder farmers’ technical efficiencies varied from 3.94% to 82.05%, having a mean of 46.79%. Usually, small-holder non-contract farmers in the investigation region incurred loss of about 53.21% in outputs as result of technical deficiency. The implication of this is that output average can be raised by at least 53.21% through the application of resources available as well as the given technology if the deficiency factors are addressed fully. The source of inefficiency for non-contract farmers is owning TV.It is recommended that young farmers need to be encouraged to join contract farming in order to get high productivity, more female headed households should be encouraged to participate in contract farming, both contract and non-contract farmers should watch TV programs which are educative and can assist them gain farm management knowledge for high productivity and lastly, ginners are required to provide more services in exchange of exclusive purchasing rights as agreed when signing contracts.

scholarly journals Plant Breeding and Management Strategies to Minimize the Impact of Water Scarcity and Biotic Stress in Cereal Crops under Mediterranean Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Néstor Pérez-Méndez ◽  
Cristina Miguel-Rojas ◽  
Jose Antonio Jimenez-Berni ◽  
David Gomez-Candon ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-de-Luque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Fungal Disease Resistance ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
The Impact

Wheat and rice are two main staple food crops that may suffer from yield losses due to drought episodes that are increasingly impacted by climate change, in addition to new epidemic outbreaks. Sustainable intensification of production will rely on several strategies, such as efficient use of water and variety improvement. This review updates the latest findings regarding complementary approaches in agronomy, genetics, and phenomics to cope with climate change challenges. The agronomic approach focuses on a case study examining alternative rice water management practices, with their impact on greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity for ecosystem services. The genetic approach reviews in depth the latest technologies to achieve fungal disease resistance, as well as the use of landraces to increase the genetic diversity of new varieties. The phenomics approach explores recent advances in high-throughput remote sensing technologies useful in detecting both biotic and abiotic stress effects on breeding programs. The complementary nature of all these technologies indicates that only interdisciplinary work will ensure significant steps towards a more sustainable agriculture under future climate change scenarios.

scholarly journals Pandemic or Environmental Socio-Economic Stressors Which Have Greater Impact on Food Security in the Barishal Division of Bangladesh: Initial Perspectives from Agricultural Officers and Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5457
Author(s):  
Sayeda Sabrina Ali ◽  
Mohammad Raju Ahmad ◽  
Jalal Uddin Mohammad Shoaib ◽  
Mohammad Aliuzzaman Sheik ◽  
Mohammad Imam Hoshain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent protectionary lockdowns have had a dramatic impact on agricultural production globally. Barishal division is the ‘grain-basket’ of Bangladesh and a main rice cultivation centre within the country. This study captures perspectives on the environmental socioeconomic stressors impacting primary production in the coastal region of Barishal, and the impact of the first wave of the global pandemic. In our methodology, a cross-sectional survey is carried out amongst agriculture officers and farmers focusing on land management practices, environmental stressors, and the consequences of the pandemic on winter crop harvests and wet season production. A total number of 234 people participated, of which 31 were agriculture officers and 203 were farmers. Government officers completed an online questionnaire, while farmer responses were collected through Focus Group Discussion. The results show that despite the lockdown, 76% of responders claimed that they had harvested more than 80% of the cultivated winter rice. Other crops, such as fruits and vegetables, were less successfully returned. Despite food production pressures, land capacity was not fully utilised, with a significant/notable proportion of fields left fallow, principally due to periodic flooding events that sufferer concurrently from soil organic matter depletion. Upazila, not severely waterlogged, had salinity problems to contend with. While transportation restrictions and labour shortages were key constraints arising from the impact of COVID-19 on both agricultural production and post harvesting (processing, distribution, and utilisation). Current storage facilities for perishable produce, such as fruit, were found to be lacking, which further compounded access to such food items. The COVID-19 pandemic shocked agricultural productivity and food supply within the Barishal division. However, despite managing to return a successful rice harvest during the lockdown, it was found that the pre-existing environmental stressors arising from cyclones and flooding continued to be the primary threat to agriculture, even during a global pandemic. Our findings have been used to inform management options to increase resilience in the region.

scholarly journals Small-holder farmers knowledge and information on the impact of climate variability & extremes on livestock production in Limpopo & Mpumalanga Provinces

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 854-869
Author(s):  
Azwihangwisi E. Nesamvuni ◽  
Khuthadzo Ndwambi ◽  
Khathutshelo A. Tshikolomo ◽  
Gabriel R. Lekalakala ◽  
Thomas Raphulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A study was carried out to investigate the level of awareness, knowledge and information of small-holder farmers (SHLF) on the impact of climatic change (CC) and extremes on livestock production in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces. At least 366 smallholder farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to elicit responses on vulnerability. Almost all the farmers (96 %) have heard about CC only a few farmers (4 %) did not know CC. The medium for the conveyance of CC information was the main radio (94.32%). Newspapers and television were also efficient mediums in the conveyance of this information, each with the outreach of 16.76 and 32.67%, respectively. Central to the impact of CC was the fact that (90%) of the farmers confirmed that there was a change in grass availability; which contributed to major livestock fatalities of which over half of the farmers (55.19%) attested as the cause. The study found that 86.67% of SHLF who attended awareness meetings indicated that the discussions prioritized adapting to CC. However, SHLF (80.77%) did not have an early warning system. This was coupled with a lack of contingency plans by (84.36%) the farmers to deal with the impact of the said drought on their farms. SHLF (19%) who had facilitated contingency plans indicated that improved aspects of the plan should incorporate the support of their provision feeds, drilling of boreholes, and erection of dams. Based on SHLF perceptions there is a need for strategic shifts from grazing to small scale feed-lots.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Social Capital Support on the Growth of Small Holder Rural Farmers: Augmenting Livelihoods in Honde Valley, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Munyawarara N ◽  
Govender K K
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Holder

This research presents specific insights on entrepreneurial social capital support on the growth of rural small holder farmers to augment livelihoods in Zimbabwe. The smallholder farmers continue to employ every season of the year. The study sought to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial social capital support on small holder rural farmers’ growth in Honde Valley, Zimbabwe. This was motivated by the need to fillup the academic gap on the entrepreneurial social capital support on the growth of agrarian small holder rural farmers. In order to achieve the study objective, a crosssectional survey was carried out using questionnaires and a purposive random sampling technique of 50 rural small holder farmers was considered reliable. The data was collected and analyzed using the statistical packages for social sciences software (SPSS). The findings were presented using both tabular and graphical presentations. Statistics in the study demonstrate that entrepreneurial social capital support augment Livelihoods in Zimbabwe and it’s a means of raising small holder farmer working capital and contribute to their growth. The main reason for entrepreneurial social capital support was for expansion and growth of small holder farmer businesses. This method explains why most rural small holder farmers do not rely on formal borrowing. Finally the businesses that received social capital reported growth .The study recommended that government should set a policy to promote entrepreneurial social capital support systems. From research, it is clear that there exists a large unexploited method of social capital mobilization and its utilization is potential for the growth of agrarian Small Holder rural Farmers.

The Impact of Shariah Governance and Corporate Governance on the Risk Management Practices: Evidence from Local and Foreign Islamic Banks in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sabri Embi ◽  
Zurina Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Shariah Governance ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Shariah governance and corporate governance (CG) on the risk management practices (RMPs) of local Islamic banks and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Shariah governance comprises the Shariah review (SR) and Shariah audit (SA) variables. The study also evaluates the level of RMPs, CG, SR, and SA between these two type of banks. With the aid of SPSS version 20, the items for RMPs, CG, SR, and SA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). From the PCA, one component or factor was extracted each for the CG, SR, and RMPs while another two factors were extracted for the SA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The questionnaire covers four aspects ; CG, SR, SA, and RMPs. The data received from the 300 usable questionnaires were subjected to correlation and regression analyses as well as an independent t-test. The result of correlation analysis shows that all the four variables have large positive correlations with each other indicating a strong and significant relationship between them. From the regression analysis undertaken, CG, SR, and SA together explained 52.3 percent of the RMPs and CG emerged as the most influential variable that impacts the RMPs. The independent t-test carried out shows that there were significant differences in the CG and SA between the local and foreign Islamic banks. However, there were no significant differences between the two types of the bank in relation to SR and RMPs. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge and is beneficial to academicians, industry players, regulators, and other stakeholders.

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