Field testing of synthetic inseticides on fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiferda J.E. Smith) in corn plant

Abstract Fall armyworm is a new pest in Indonesia that is currently of concern because of its widespread attack on corn production areas. FAW infestation in young plants will cause damage up to 90% and even corn plants can die. The study on the control of the fall armyworm (FAW) caused by Spodoptera frugiperda was conducted at the Bajeng Technology Research and Assessment Installation, Gowa, which took place from March-August 2020. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with 6 treatments repeated 4 times. The treatments consist of 4 synthetic insecticide treatments derived from 4 active ingredients (emamectin benzoate, spinoteram, carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole + tiamethoxam), one vegetable pesticide (nano pesticide; a.i. citronella, geraniol and citronellol) and one control treatment without pesticides. The treatment application was carried out 2 weeks after planting (WAP) then repeated every 2 weeks until the plants were 8 WAP. The treatment was carried out 2 times in the fegetative phase, 2 times in the generative phase. The plot area of each treatment is 5 x 5 m, the spacing is 70 x 20 cm. The results showed that the most effective insecticide to control FAW was Spinetoram followed by Emamectin Benzoate and Chlorantraniliprole. The average percentage of attacks in the spinetoram treatment was: 24.2% at 4 WAP, then 24.9% at 6 WAP, 29.1% and 37.1% at 10 WAP. The highest average yield was obtained in the insecticide treatment Spinetoram (10.7 t/ha) followed by Emamectin Benzoate (9.3 t/ha) and Chlorantraniliprole (8.9 t/ha), while the lowest yield was obtained in the control treatment (5.2 t/ha).

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Kajian Macam Bokashi dan Varietas Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)

AGRORADIX : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.52166/agroteknologi.v2i2.1588 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 32-43

Author(s):

Muhammad Syifa’ ◽

Ana Amiroh ◽

Suharso Suharso

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Food Plants ◽

Good Effect ◽

Staple Food ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Generative Phase ◽

Corn Plants

Corn plants (Zea mays L.) are one of the second staple food plants after rice plants in Indonesia. Some people in Indonesia consume corn as a staple food. Given the importance of corn crop commodities, as one of the staple foods. So there needs to be an effort to increase the growth and production of corn plants. One such effort is the application of bokashi and varieties. This research was conducted in Kranji Village, Paciran District, Lamongan Regency. With the altitude of ± 5 meters above sea level. The time of the study was conducted from March to June 2019. This study uses Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), which consists of two factors, namely: bokashi and varieties. Each factor consists of 3 levels that are repeated 3 times, namely: the first factor, bokashi consists of 3 levels, namely without bokashi, bokashi cow cage, bokashi chicken coop. The second factor, the variety consisted of 3 levels namely BISI 18, NK7328 SUMO, and BISI 2. Observation of growth and production of maize plants includes vegetative phase (plant height and number of leaves) and generative phase (ear length, ear diameter, weight of peel cob ear off harvest, weight of peel cob off harvest per hectare and weight of 1000 seeds). The results showed the interaction between the treatment of bokashi and varieties on the height of maize plants and the treatment of NK7328 SUMO varieties had a good effect on all parameters of observation.

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Cycle pruning programmed on the grain yield of arabica coffee

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054201943014419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Diego Corona Baitelle ◽

Abraão Carlos Verdin Filho ◽

Sílvio de Jesus Freitas ◽

Guilherme Bessa Miranda ◽

Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Canopy Area ◽

Plagiotropic Branches ◽

Productive Development

ABSTRACT The cycle pruning programmed is a reinvigoration technique widely employed in Conilon coffee. This strategy may also be adopted for Arabica coffee to increase its crop longevity and yield. In this scenario, the present study proposes to examine the influence of the cycle pruning programmed on the vegetative and productive development of Arabica coffee. The experiment was developed in the field as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Treatments were tested in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four stem densities (4000, 8000, 12000 or 16000 stems ha-1) and two management strategies for the removal of plagiotropic branches (annual or biennial removal of branches which had reached 70% or more of their production capacity). For some variables, the treatments were organized as a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in which the last factor corresponded to two regions of data collection in the plant (upper or lower). For all factorial arrangements, an additional treatment (control) was employed corresponding to traditional pruning (recepa). Annual or biennial removal of plagiotropic branches which had attained 70% or more of their production capacity can be adopted with no losses to crop yield. The cycle pruning programmed improves the distribution of branches, increases canopy area and prevents the occurrence of the “naked neck” phenomenon, observed in control treatment. Additionally, it provides better agronomic and productive performance; therefore, it can be used as a substitute for recepa.

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The effect of leaf area reduction on corn plants during the reproduction phase

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2011000400002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 413-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karen Rodrigues de Toledo Alvim ◽

Césio Humberto de Brito ◽

Afonso Maria Brandão ◽

Luiz Savelli Gomes ◽

Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Spike Density ◽

Area Reduction ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais State ◽

Corn Plants ◽

Root Resistance

Reduction in leaf area in corn plants during reproduction changes physiological metabolism and consequently the accumulation of dry matter in grains. The aim of this work was to study changes in agronomic characteristics caused by defoliation in corn during the reproduction phase. The experiment was carried out in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, in the agricultural year 2007/2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, consisting of seven treatments: control without defoliation, removal of two apical leaves, removal of four apical leaves, removal of all leaves above spike, removal of four intermediate leaves, removal of all leaves below spike, and removal of all plant leaves, with five repetitions. The genotype used for the evaluations was hybrid NB 7376. Defoliation was carried out when plants were at the growth stage R2. The variables assessed were: yield, density of spikes and corncobs, root resistance and stem integrity. When all leaves above the spike were removed, grain yield was reduced by 20%. Corncob density, stem integrity and root resistance to uprooting were also affected. Spike density was only affected when all plant leaves were removed. The leaf area remaining physiologically active above the spike was found to be most efficient in terms of grain yield.

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Respons Pertumbuhan dan Rendemen Minyak Klon Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) terhadap Aplikasi Berbagai Dosis Urea (Growth Response And Yield Of Patchouli Clones (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) On Dose Urea Various Applications)

Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan ◽

10.25181/jaip.v8i2.1376 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 109-119

Author(s):

Retno Ayu Diah Pangestu ◽

M. Tahir ◽

Fatahillah Fatahillah

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Best Response ◽

Pogostemon Cablin ◽

Wet Weight ◽

The Right

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a plant that produces essential oils and important foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. Using superior clonesÂ with the right fertilizer application will increase the yield of patchouli oil. The research aims to obtain patchouli plants that have the best response of urea fertilization application and optimum dosage of urea for patchouli plant growth. The study was conducted at the Politeknik Negeri lampungâ€™s teaching farm in December 2018 until May 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), consisting of two treatment factors, namely the type of urea clone. The first factor is the type of clone consisting of 2 levels, namely NPL 9 clone and Lhokseumawe clone. The second factor is the treatment of urea doses consisting of 4 levels, namely control, 250 kg.ha-1, 300 kg.ha-1, and 350 kg.ha-1. Variables observed included plantâ€™s height, bough, diameter, number of leaves, stalk angle, chlorophyll content, wet weight of plant, wind dry weight of plant, and yield. The results of research showedÂ NPL 9 clone had a superior appearance and 350 kg.ha-1 of urea doseÂ was the optimal dose compared to other doses and could increase patchouli yield 2,3% compared to the control treatment.

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Physiological Characteristics of Trees Recommended for the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Herbicides

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100114 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L.M. AGUIAR ◽

J.B. SANTOS ◽

E.A. FERREIRA ◽

C.M. CABRAL ◽

I.M. PEREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Tree Species ◽

Production Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

High Volume ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Lower Variation

ABSTRACT: Herbicides are inputs with a high volume of use in agricultural production systems for weed management; however, the environmental contamination they cause is a reality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of tree species used for the phytoremediation of herbicides in the soil, to atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D, through the evaluation of photosynthetic indices. Thus, a randomized block design experiment was conducted with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement, where the first factor represented the herbicides atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D and the control treatment without herbicide (water). The second factor consisted in the use of pre-selected tree species for the phytoremediation of soils with residues of the products [Eremanthus crotonoides DC. (candeia), - Richeria grandis Vahl (richeria), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand, (breu-branco) Kielmeyera latrophyton Saddi, Kew Bull, (pau-santo) Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (guanandi)]. The herbicides were applied through dishes placed under the culture containers of the plants, when they presented eight months of development. After 15 days from the herbicide application, the visual intoxication, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. The herbicides affected differently the physiological characteristics of the tree species; atrazine was the most harmful product. Individuals under the effect of 2,4-D and clomazone presented lower variation for their physiological characteristics, compared to the respective control treatments. Breu-branco, despite showing low visual intoxication provided by the herbicides, was the most affected species by the products. On the other hand, candeia was the most tolerant species to the action of the herbicides.

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Effects of 3,4-dimethylphyrazole phosphate-added nitrogen fertilizers on crop growth and N2O emissions in Southern Italy

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/362/2013-pse ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 517-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Vitale ◽

L. Ottaiano ◽

F. Polimeno ◽

G. Maglione ◽

U. Amato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

Pore Space ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrification Inhibitor ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Soil N ◽

Randomized Block Design

The effect of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylphyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N-fertilized crop growth and soil N2O emissions were studied at two experimental sites in Southern Italy, characterised by a Mediterranean climate and different soil texture. The experiments were a randomized block design of two treatments: crop fertilized with NH4NO3 (considered the control treatment) or amended with DMPP plus NH4NO3 (considered the DMPP treatment). ANOVA was performed to assess differences between treatments and fertilization periods whereas simple and multiple linear regressions were performed in order to assess the effect of the soil-related in-dependent variables on soil gases emissions. Growth of potato plants fertilized with DMPP-added nitrogen was enhanced compared to control plants, whereas no benefit on maize plants grown during summer was observed. N2O emissions measured from soil to potato after the first fertilization with DMPP-added nitrogen was reduced during winter, but was higher than control after the second fertilizer application in spring, leading to comparable N2O emission factors (EF1) between treatments. In maize N2O emissions and EF1 were lower for DMPP compared to control treatment. The effectiveness of reduction in soil N2O emission was influenced by soil temperature and water-filled pore space (WFPS) in both experimental sites. However, the overall effect of WFPS was contrasting as N2O emissions were decreased in potato and enhanced in maize.

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Growth retardants in wheat and its effect in physiological quality of seeds

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782010000600031 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 1431-1434 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leandro Torres de Souza ◽

Marcelo Curitiba Espíndula ◽

Valterley Soares Rocha ◽

Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias ◽

Moacil Alves de Souza

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Growth Retardant ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Growth Retardants ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Wheat Seeds ◽

Hierarchical Scheme

Plant lodging in wheat has been controlled through growth retardants. However, there is lack of information on the effect of these products on the physiological quality of seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of wheat seeds obtained under different rates and application times of three growth retardants. The trial was carried out in Viçosa-MG, from May to September 2005, in a factorial and hierarchical scheme, in randomized block design with four replications and a control treatment. The treatments consisted of 500, 1000 and 1500g ha-1 of chlormequat; 40, 80 and 120g ha-1 of paclobutrazol and 62.5, 125 and 187.5g ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl applied at the 6 or 8 growth stage based on the scale of Feeks and Large, and a control treatment without growth retardant application. Leaf application of growth retardants as chlormequat, paclobutrazol and trinexapac-ethyl did not affect the germination and vigor of wheat seeds.

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Pengaruh Perlakuan Jarak Tanam dan Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Mahkota Dewa Sebagai Penghambat Perkembangan Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum L)

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v5i1.469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Galvani Asep Santoni ◽

Iin Arsensi ◽

Mahdalena Mahdalena

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Average Weight ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Fruit Crop ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Four Levels

Row spacing treatment had no significant effect on all parameters pengamatan.Pada age of 90 days after planting the average weight of the fresh fruit crop was obtained in treatment j2 highest ie 83.30 g, while the average weight of the fresh fruit crop obtained at the lowest possible j3 treatment of 75 , 49 g.Perlakuan extract of petals gods were not significantly affected all parameters pengamatan.Pada age of 90 days after planting the average weight of the fresh fruit crop was obtained in treatment d1 highest ie 83.98 g, while the average weight of the fresh fruit crop lowest was obtained in treatment that is 77.52 g.Interaksi d0 between the treatment plant spacing and crown god leaf extract had no significant effect on all parameters of observation. At the age of 90 days after planting the average percentage of disease were highest in j2d2 treatment combination that is 65.64% while the average percentage of the lowest in disease treatment combination j2d0 yaitu 51.72%. This research was conducted by randomized block design factorial 4 x 3 with three replications. The first factor is a spacing (A) which consists of three levels ie; j1 (60 x 60 cm), j2 (60 x 70 cm) and j3 (60 x 80 cm). The second factor is the extract of leaves of the gods crown (D), which consists of four levels ie; d0 (control), d1 (2 ml / liter of water), d2 (4 ml / liter of water) and d3 (6 ml / liter of water).

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The Efficacy of Some Plants Extracts on Fallarmyworm (Spodopterafrugiperda, J.E. Smizh) in Sudan

Journal of Agronomy Research ◽

10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-21-3857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

Nada Elsheikh M. Kona ◽

Awad KhalafallaTaha ◽

AbubakerHaroun Mohamed Adam ◽

Mohammed E. E. Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Extract ◽

Fall Armyworm ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Calotropis Procera ◽

Randomized Block Design

The Fall armyworm worm (FAW) (Spodopterafrugiperda) is one of the important economic pests which goes on several field crops and causes serious damage. The aim of this study was to look for efficient, less cost and environmentally friend plant extract for controlling Fall armyworm worm in cereal crops. A Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) experiments with three replications were conducted in the laboratory to investigate the insecticidal effects of four plant extracts consisting of ethanolic extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds, Black pepper (Piper nigrum) seeds, Usher (Calotropis procera ) leaves and water extracts of Argel (Solenostemma argel) leaves on larvae of the Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda). Newly emerged larvae of FAW were treated topically by 4 concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 75%) of each extract, and then the larval mortalities were calculated after 24, 48 and72 hrs. The results showed the highest concentrations (75%) of the three ethanolic extracts gave higher mortality percentages (100%) after 72 hrs of exposure, compared with other concentrations. Also, these were not significantly different from the recommended dose of the standard pesticide “Spinosad”. On the other hand, Argel water extract showed no effect on the (FAW) larvae. It is recommended that this experiment to be replicated under different environments.

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Efficiency of botanical extracts against Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) nymphs in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v13.e910 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. e910

Author(s):

Jefferson Auteliano Carvalho Dutra ◽

Victor Emmanuel de Vasconcelos Gomes ◽

Ervino Bleicher ◽

Deivielison Ximenes Siqueira Macedo ◽

Mirla Maria Mesquita Almeida

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Block Design ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Field Trials ◽

Aphis Craccivora ◽

Nerium Oleander ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽

Botanical Extracts

The present study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of hydroalcoholic plant extracts on Aphis craccivora Koch nymphs in cowpea. The experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions in a randomized block design with five repetitions. Hydrated ethanol was used as a solvent in the botanical extract preparation. Cowpea plants were infested with five female adult aphids, eleven days after planting. After 48 hours, the adults were removed from the plants, leaving the recently bred nymphs. The evaluation of the nymphs’ survival was carried out forty-eight 48 hours after the application of the plant extracts. The botanical extracts with more than 50% efficiency were: Allium tuberosum leaf, Caesalpinia ferrea leaf, Piper aduncum leaf, Carica papaya seed, Dieffenbachia picta leaf, Cucurbita moschata seed and the control treatment, Annona squamosa seed. The botanical extracts with less than 50% efficiency were: Allium sativum bulb, Anacardium occidentale leaf, Borreria verticillata leaf plus flower, Coffea arabica leaf and seed, Delonix regia leaf and flower, Euphorbia tirucalli leaf, Leucaena leucocephala leaf, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia leaf, Nerium oleander leaf, Syzygium cumini leaf, endocarp and pericarp, Syzygium malaccense leaf, Zingiber officinale rizome and Ziziphus joazeiro leaf. The highest efficiency levels were obtained by D. picta and C. moschata, rendering these extracts suitable for field trials to further evaluate their efficieny against the cowpea black aphid.

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