scholarly journals Effect of Different Combinations of NPK Fertilizer and Seed Quantities on The Yields of Green and Dry Fodder for Egyptian Clover (Meskawi)

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012055
Author(s):  
Mohammad hachim nassir alzlzly ◽  
Faisal Mihbass Madlol Al-Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
City Center ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
The City

Abstract A field experiment was carried out at Abu Al-Fadl Forest Nursery affiliated to Al-Diwaniyah Agriculture Directorate (2 km away from the city center), during the winter season (2020-2021). In order to determine the best combination of NPK fertilizer under influence of different seeding rates to shorten the life of cutting the first To increase cutting number during the growing season and to improvment the quantity and quality of green and dry fodder and seed yield, The experiment includes six combinations of NPK fertilizer are (0-0-0), (20-15-10), (40-30-20), (60-45-30), (80-60-40) and (100-75-50) kg ha−1, and four of seeding rates are (20, 40, 60, 80) kg ha−1, The experiment was applied according to the arrangement of the split plots and using R.C.B. Design with three replications. The combination of NPK fertilizer were placed in the main-plot and the quantities of seeds in the sub-plot. The results showed that NPK5 fertilizer level excelled the yields of green and dry forage for the fourth cutting (20.98, 2.28) ton ha−1 respectively, and The total green and dry fodder yields (60.87, 6.48) ton ha−1 respectively, While the fertilizer level NPK4 exceeded The ratio of leaves to stems for the fourth cutting (37.61%). As for the of seeding rates, the results showed that (80 kg h−1) excelled for the ratio of leaves to stems for third cutting (34.67%) yields of green and dry fodder for the first cutting (9.92, 1.03) ton ha−1 respectively, and the total green fodder yield (59.40 t.h-1), While the 60 kg h−1 excelled the yields of green fodder for the second, third and fourth cutting (13.04, 19.50 and 17.64) ton ha−1, dry forage yield of the second, third and fourth cutting (1.47, 1.94, and 1.90) ton ha−1sequentially. and the total dry fodder yield (6.25) ton ha−1.

scholarly journals Structural damages of L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kaplan ◽  
H. Bilgin ◽  
S. Yilmaz ◽  
H. Binici ◽  
A. Öztas
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
City Center ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Wood Flooring ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Historic Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
Masonry Units

Abstract. On 6 April 2009 an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred in L'Aquila city, Italy. In the city center and surrounding villages many masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) buildings were heavily damaged or collapsed. After the earthquake, the inspection carried out in the region provided relevant results concerning the quality of the materials, method of construction and the performance of the structures. The region was initially inhabited in the 13th century and has many historic structures. The main structural materials are unreinforced masonry (URM) composed of rubble stone, brick, and hollow clay tile. Masonry units suffered the worst damage. Wood flooring systems and corrugated steel roofs are common in URM buildings. Moreover, unconfined gable walls, excessive wall thicknesses without connection with each other are among the most common deficiencies of poorly constructed masonry structures. These walls caused an increase in earthquake loads. The quality of the materials and the construction were not in accordance with the standards. On the other hand, several modern, non-ductile concrete frame buildings have collapsed. Poor concrete quality and poor reinforcement detailing caused damage in reinforced concrete structures. Furthermore, many structural deficiencies such as non-ductile detailing, strong beams-weak columns and were commonly observed. In this paper, reasons why the buildings were damaged in the 6 April 2009 earthquake in L'Aquila, Italy are given. Some suggestions are made to prevent such disasters in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of nano nitrogen on yield attributes of sweet corn (Zea mays Saccharata) and economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
I. Sarwar ◽  
V.B. Gedam ◽  
R.H. Shinde ◽  
A.S. Bade
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Q Protein ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Monetary Return

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur (M.S.), India during Kharif, 2020 in black Vertisol soil using split plot design with four replications. The main plot factors consist of time of application viz., T1: 15 days after sowing (DAS), T2: 30 DAS and T3: 45 DAS and sub plot factors consist of doses of nano nitrogen (N) fertilizers viz., N1: 1.00 litre per ha, N2: 1.25 litre per ha and N3: 1.50 litre per ha making total nine treatment combinations. The results of main plot showed that length of cob (20.56 cm), diameter of cob (19.71 cm), weight of cob per plant (222.29 g), number of grains per cob (402.07), green cob yield per ha (138.32 q), green fodder yield per ha (359.75 q), protein content in grain (9.74%) and crude protein in stover (5.18%) were significantly maximum when foliar spray was done at 15 days after sowing (DAS). The gross monetary return (Rs. 5,93,172.04 ha-1) and net monetary return (Rs. 3,78,016.10 ha-1) were significantly maximum with foliar spray at 15 DAS (T1) over later spraying at 30 DAS (T2) and 45 DAS (T3). While, in sub-plot length of cob (18.55 cm), diameter of cob (16.83 cm), weight of cob per plant (208.65 g), number of grains per cob (371.25), green cob yield per ha (125.96 q), green fodder yield per ha (344.39 q), protein content in grain (9.29%) and crude protein in stover (5.10%) were obtained from treatment N3 (1.5 litre ha-1) which was on par with treatment N2 (1.25 litre ha-1) and significantly superior over N1 (1 litre ha-1). The highest value of the gross monetary return (Rs. 5,80,827.23 ha-1) and net monetary return (Rs. 3,59,534.55 ha-1) were obtained from treatment N3 (1.5 litre ha-1) which was at par with treatment N2 (1.25 litre ha-1) and significantly superior over treatment N1 (1.00 litre ha-1).

scholarly journals A soundscape analysis for selected parks in Bydgoszcz

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00097
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Sztubecka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

Areas that are considered human-friendly are green spaces. The existing urban parks are designed to fulfill the role of relaxation, recreation, and entertainment. However, in many cases, these are historic places, which at the time didn't have much of an impact on external factors. Sustainable development issues are related to the quality of life and the usage of the environment and its resources by present and future generations. Noise and noise protection is an issue that is part of sustainable development. The inadequate implementation of the principles of sustainable development and non-inclusion of noise can noticeably lead to negative effects now and in the future. The aim of the paper is to analyze the soundscapes of two Bydgoszcz parks located in the city center. The values of the equivalent sound level for these areas were obtained from the existing Bydgoszcz acoustic plan. Subsequently, the resulting distribution of noise was compared with the results of subjective perception of sounds by visitors. On this basis, conclusions can be drawn regarding the ways of shaping such areas while taking into account the perception of visitors.

SPACE AND ITS USE FOR PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC IN CENTER AREAS OF SELECTED POLISH CITIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (0) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nosal ◽  
Łukasz Franek ◽  
Sylwia Rogala
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
City Center ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Street Furniture ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
The City

The quality of urban space in terms of walkability can be assessed taking many parameters into account, such as the presence of sidewalks, their density and continuity, appropriate technical parameters as well as the presence of greenery, squares, parks, which create the environment for pedestrian traffic. The lack of travel barriers, the possibility to shorten the route, travel safety and security, the presence of street furniture, shops and services are also significant. This article concerns some of the above described factors and presents selected research results on the use of space in city centers of several Polish cities – Kraków, Gdańsk, Szczecin, Warsaw, Gdynia, Wrocław and Poznań as well as the results of an analysis on the friendliness of this space for pedestrian traffic. The first phase of this study was to determine the share of public space within the analyzed city center areas, and then define areas used as roads, infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists, squares, green areas, parks and public courtyards. The balance of the used space was created for each researched area, and the space dedicated to pedestrian traffic was additionally analyzed in terms of the presence of obstacles as well as sidewalk location. The analysis results prove that that greatest amount of the public space is located in the city center of Poznań, and the smallest in Kraków. Warsaw is characterized by the greatest and Szczecin by the smallest percentage of the pedestrian infrastructure. Szczecin dominates in terms of the share of roads in the downtown area, Wrocław in terms of squares and Gdańsk – public courtyards.

scholarly journals Ekspresi Duchenne Smile dan Suasana Kota: Observasi di Beberapa Pusat Kota yang Sedang Tahap Pembangunan Ulang

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Fadhilah Ahmad Qaniah
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
City Center ◽  
Visual Component ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Duchenne Smile ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Historic Areas ◽  
Duchenne Smiles ◽  
The City

ABSTRAKSuasana kota umumnya tercipta dari karakteristik fisik berbagai tata ruang kota dan interaksi sosial di dalamnya. Komponen visual yang dirasakan memberikan beragam sensasi yang mengarahkan individu menangkap kualitas dari situasi secara emosional yang mampu mempengaruhi mood atau suasana hati mereka. Di saat interaksi sosial terjadi, ekspresi tersenyum duchenne dapat terjadi ketika individu merasakan emosi-emosi positif. Namun, suasana kota dapat berubah di saat ada pembangunan ulang fasilitas publik. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi bentuk tata ruang kota dan potensi interaksi sosial yang dapat mempengaruhi suasana hati individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa banyak ekspresi senyum duchenne yang ada pada area kota yang ramai di pusat kota Kendari dan Jakarta Selatan. Penulis memilih pusat kota Kendari dan Jakarta Selatan karena memiliki fasilitas publik yang baik. Adapun kota Kendari saat ini membangun ulang beberapa pusat kotanya sejak tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan, kedua area kota memiliki jumlah frekuensi senyuman duchenne yang sama banyaknya di area suasana jenis consumerism dan peaceful and quiet. Namun, ada perbedaan jumlah di area suasana jenis vibrant dan historic, karena beberapa fasilitas di kota tua dan pusat kota Kendari saat observasi berada di tahap pembangunan ulang. Suasana kota merupakan hal yang penting untuk image kota karena memberikan pengalaman emosi positif bagi orang yang singgah atau berinteraksi sosial di lingkungan perkotaan.Katakunci: duchenne, suasana kota, vibrant, peaceful and quiet, consumerism, historic ABSTRACTThe atmosphere of the city created from pshysical characteristics of various urban spatial plans and social interaction in it. The perceived visual component provided sensations that directs individual to capture quality of situation emotionally which can affect their mood. When social interaction occurs, duchenne smile expressions can appear when individual feel positive emotion. However, city atmosphere can change when there is unfinished redevelopment of public facilities. This can affect the form of urban spatial and potential social interactions that can affect individual moods. This study aims to see how much duchenne smile expressions appear in downtown area in Kenadi and South Jakarta. The author chose city center of Kendari and Jakarta because they have good public facilites. The city of Kendari is currently rebuilding several of its facilities in city centers since 2019. Result show that both city areas had same number of duchenne smiles in areas of consumerism and peaceful & quiet type. However, there are differences in the number of vibrant and historic areas, its perhaps because some of the facilities in the old town and downtown Kendari at the time of observatio were in the reconstruction stage. City atmosphere is important for the image of the city becauses it provides positive emotional experiences for people who stop by or interact socially in urban environment.Keyword: duchenne, city atmosphere, vibrant, peaceful and quiet, consumerism, historic

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the accessibility and connectivity of public transport in the city districts of Krakow

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Martin Bárta
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Spatial Inhomogeneity ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
City Center ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The City

A properly functioning public transport is one of the most important components of urban mobility for the population. Due to spatial inhomogeneity and overall socio-economic differences within a city, there are often considerable disproportions in the quality of transport services within its districts. Also, the city of Krakow is no exception in this case. For a comparison of public transport accessibility in 18 Krakow districts, 7 major quantitative and 5 minor indicators were created. These indicators include the most important characteristics of transport services such as accessibility, frequency, connectivity of connections, and ratios of tram public transport subsystem. The resulting values give a fairly comprehensive picture of the quality of the transport services. Overall higher values for most indicators occur in the central districts of the city. However, due to the complexity of the observed characteristics, it is possible to discover significant differences in the structure of individual indicators. Peripheral districts reach higher amplitudes, which means that in some aspect they have even better transport services than the city center. Yet, at the same time, we also find opposite extremes here, highly below-average values for most other indicators. A detailed analysis of the results provides a unique perspective on the disparities among districts. It can also serve for specific identification of strengths and weaknesses of transport services and its possible optimization.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Levels on Forage Yield and Quality of Multi Cuts Oat Cultivars

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
H. K. Patel ◽  
P. H. Rathod ◽  
D. R. Padheriya
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Average Plant Height

A field experiment was conducted at Main Forage Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during rabi-2019-20 to study the effect of nitrogen levels on yield and quality of multi cut oat cultivars with aim to find out nitrogen levels on green fodder yield and quality of oat. There were total four varieties (V1: OL 1874, V2: JO-05-304, V3: UPO 212 and V4: RO 19) and four levels of nitrogen (N1: 35 kg N/ha, N2: 70 kg N/ha, N3: 105 kg N/ha and N4: 140 kg N/ha) was tested. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Experiments results revealed that significantly the highest green fodder yield was reported in RO 19 (V4) treatment, while average plant height and average number of tiller per meter row length were reported in V1: OL 1874 and V2: JO 05-304 treatment, respectively. Average plant height, Green fodder yield, average dry matter, average crude protein, total crude protein yield and dry matter yield were found highest by application of 140 kg N/ha. Average tiller per meter row length was higher in N4 (140 kg N/ha) and average dry matter was higher in N1 (35 kg N/ha). Response of nitrogen non-significant in case of average ADF and NDF content.

scholarly journals Autonomia funcional de idosas fisicamente ativas e insuficientemente ativas de uma cidade do centro sul cearense: um estudo seccional

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Degilvânia Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Micheli Lopes Diniz ◽  
Glêbia Alexa Cardoso ◽  
Danielli Braga de Mello ◽  
Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
City Center ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Functional Autonomy ◽  
The City

Introdução: Estudos têm sido desenvolvidos de modo a contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida na terceira idade e um dos aspectos a essa relacionados é a autonomia funcional, que pode ser beneficiada pela prática de atividade física.Objetivo: Comparar a autonomia funcional de idosas fisicamente a tivas e insuficientemente ativas de uma cidade centro sul cearense.Métodos: Estudo observacional, do tipo seccional, para o qual foram convidadas a participar mulheres idosas (>60 anos de idade), aleatoriamente, em diversos locais da cidade de Iguatu-CE. A autonomia funcional foi avaliada por meio do protocolo de autonomia GDLAM.Resultados: Participaram 30 mulheres idosas (60 a 83 anos) foram divididas em dois grupos: G1 (n=15) composto de praticantes de exercícios físicos (66 ± 5,01 anos)  e G2 (n=15)  de  mulheres insuficientemente ativas (67 ± 6,17 anos). A única diferença entre os grupos G1 e G2 foi no teste de vestir e tirar uma camiseta (14,19 ± 4,13s vs 18,24 ± 12,51s). Os valores dos dois grupos ficaram bem próximos.  O G1 demostrou um melhor desempenho, com um resultado bom, e o G2 demorou na execução das atividades, com um resultado regular.Conclusão: Mulheres idosas praticantes de exercícios físicos apresentaram maior autonomia funcional significativa no teste de vestir e tirar a camiseta quando comparada a mulheres insuficientemente ativas, demonstrando que a prática de exercício físico pode contribuir para maior autonomia. Functional Autonomy of Elderly Physically Active and Insufficiently Active Elderly Women in a City in the Cearense Middle South: A Cross-Sectional StudyIntroduction: Studies have been developed in order to contribute to the improvement of quality of life in the third age. One of the aspects related to it is the functional autonomy, which physical activity can benefit.Objective: To compare the functional autonomy of  physical active and insufficiently active elderly women in a city center at south of Ceará.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study. In several locations in the city of Iguatu-CE, elderly women (> 60 years of age) were randomly invited to participate. The functional autonomy was evaluated through the GDLAM autonomy protocol.Results: Thirty elderly women (60 to 83 years) were divided into two groups: G1 (n = 15) composed of physical exercise practitioners (66 ± 5.01 years) and G2 (n = 15) of insufficiently active women ( 67 ± 6.17 years). The only difference between groups G1 and G2 was in the in the dressing and undressing a T-shirt test (14.19 ± 4.13s vs 18.24 ± 12.51s). The values of the two groups were very close. The G1 showed a better performance with a good result, and the G2 took a long time to complete the activities, with a regular result.Conclusion: Older women practicing physical exercise presented significant higher functional autonomy in the dressing and undressing a T-shirt test when compared to insufficiently active women, demonstrating that the practice of physical exercise can contribute to greater autonomy. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Maize Genotypes for Forage Yield and Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-14
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Abdul Khaliq ◽  
Asim Pervez ◽  
Sikandar Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield

The present study was targeted to evaluate eight maize advance lines in comparison to one local check for green fodder yield potential and nutritional quality. The experiment was conducted at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha during August 2017. The experiment was sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications having a plot size of 2.4 m x 6 m. The crop was harvested at 50% flowering stage and data regarding plant height, Number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaves weight per plant, stem weight per plant, leaves to stem weight ratio, green fodder yield, dry matter percentage, crude protein and crude fibre were recorded. The results showed that the performance of the advance lines; No.1501 and MS.2010 was best among all the studied genotypes in terms of fodder yield respectively. Both genotypes exhibited a good nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Analysis of Life Quality in a Tropical Mountain City Using a Multi-Criteria Geospatial Technique: A Case Study of Kandy City, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2918 ◽  
Author(s):  
DMSLB Dissanayake ◽  
Takehiro Morimoto ◽  
Yuji Murayama ◽  
Manjula Ranagalage ◽  
ENC Perera
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Spatial Distribution Pattern ◽  
City Center ◽  
The City

The blooming of urban expansion has led to the improvement of urban life, but some of the negative externalities have affected the life quality of urban dwellers, both directly and indirectly. As a result of this, research related to the quality of life has gained much attention among multidisciplinary researchers around the world. A number of attempts have been made by previous researchers to identify, assess, quantify, and map quality of life or well-being under various kinds of perspectives. The objectives of this research were to create a life quality index (LQI) and identify the spatial distribution pattern of LQI in Kandy City, Sri Lanka. Multiple factors were decomposed, a hierarchy was constructed by the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method, and 13 factors were selected under two main criteria—environmental and socioeconomic. Pairwise comparison matrices were created, and the weight of each factor was determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, gradient analysis was employed to examine the spatial distribution pattern of LQI from the city center to the periphery. The results show that socioeconomic factors affect the quality of life more strongly than environmental factors, and the most significant factor is transportation. The highest life quality zones (26% of the total area) were distributed around the city center, while the lowest zones represented only 9% of the whole area. As shown in the gradient analysis, more than 50% of the land in the first five kilometers from the city center comes under the highest life quality zone. This research will provide guidance for the residents and respective administrative bodies to make Kandy City a livable city. It the constructed model can be applied to any geographical area by conducting necessary data calibration.

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