Analysis and evaluation of the effect of reflectance values on internal walls, internal roofs, and light shelf on optimal illumination levels in the diploma economics and business building of the vocational school UGM, Yogyakarta

Abstract The use of natural light as a source of lighting in buildings is an option in energy saving. One of the efforts that has been made is the installation of a light shelf. The light shelf installed in the UGM Vocational School Economics and Business Diploma (DEB SV) building is not fully working optimally. As many as 83% of the light shelf in lecture rooms is covered by curtains because it is considered to produce excess light (glare). This results in a greater consumption of lighting electricity. This study was conducted to analyze and evaluate the effect of the reflectance value (color) attached to the internal walls, internal roof, external light shelf, and internal light shelf on the indicator of illumination levels Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI). Furthermore, this study aims to determine the optimum reflectance value (color) parameter. The research was conducted with a simulation method using RadianceIES in the IESVE 2021 software. The first simulation results show the value of reflectance (color) installed (base case) on the internal wall, internal roof, external light shelf, and internal light shelf in one of the lecture rooms of the DEB SV UGM building resulting in a very large value of the UDI>2000lux indicator, which is 84,9% (not according to the criteria). The results of the second simulation provide two variations of the optimum reflectance (color) parameters in the independent variable. The first variation is the internal walls, internal roof, external light shelf, and internal light shelf, each of which has a reflectance value (color) of 90,67% (beige), 100% (white), 90,67% (beige), and 100% (white). The second variation is the internal walls, internal roof, exte rnal light shelf, and internal light shelf, each of which has a reflectance value (color) of 90,67% (beige), 100% (white), 90,67% (beige), and 90,67% (beige).

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Effect of Toothbrushing Simulation Method with Bass Technique on the Dental and Oral Hygiene

Babali Nursing Research ◽

10.37363/bnr.2021.2250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Inayatur Rosyidah ◽

Iva Milia Hani Rahmawati

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Study Data ◽

Rank Test ◽

Signed Rank ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

Study Population ◽

Independent Variable

Introduction: Toothbrushing practice is a common problem encountered in maintaining children's dental and oral hygiene. The Bass Technique introduces to improve the practice of toothbrushing and promotes dental/oral hygiene among school-aged students. This study aimed to know the effect of the toothbrushing simulation method with bass technique on the dental and oral hygiene practice in Pulo Lor III Elementary School. Methods: This was a pre-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. The study population was 49 students aged between 7 to 10 years old in Pulo Lor III Elementary School. Thirty students selected for the study by the purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was the toothbrushing method with the bass technique, while the dependent variable was dental and oral hygiene. An observation sheet and OHI-S questionnaire were employed to collect the study data. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test used to analyze the study data collected. Results: The result revealed after the implementation of the bass technique, the number of participants with poor practice of dental and oral hygiene was increasing by a total of 0 (0%), followed by good and moderate practice of oral hygiene with a percentage of 13 (43.3%) and 17 (56.7%), respectively (p=0.000). The dental and oral hygiene observed after and before the implementation of the bass technique was also significant, with the value of p of 0.000. Conclusion: Toothbrushing with bass technique significantly affected the dental and oral hygiene among students aged between 7 to 10 years old in Pulo Lor III Elementary School, Jombang District.

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IV. On the discrimination of maxima and minima solutions in the calculus of variations

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. (A.) ◽

10.1098/rsta.1887.0004 ◽

1887 ◽

Vol 178 ◽

pp. 95-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Differential Equations ◽

Calculus Of Variations ◽

General Rule ◽

System Of Differential Equations ◽

First Variation ◽

Minimum Value ◽

Fonctions Analytiques ◽

Independent Variable ◽

The First Variation ◽

Made In

The criteria for distinguishing between the maximum and minimum values of integrals have been investigated by many eminent mathematicians. In 1786 Legendre gave an imperfect discussion for the case where the function to be made a maximum is ʃ f (x,y, dy / dx ) dx . Nothing further seems to have been done till 1797, when Lagrange pointed out, in his ‘Théorie des Fonctions Analytiques,' published in 1797, that Legendre had supplied no means of showing th at the operations required for his process were not invalid through some of the multipliers becoming zero or infinite, and he gives an example to show that Legendre’s criterion, though necessary, was not sufficient. In 1806 Brunacci, an Italian mathematician, gave an investigation which has the important advantage of being short, easily compiehensible, and perfectly general in character, but which is open to the same objection as that brought against Legendre’s method. The next advance was made in 1836 by the illustrious Jacobi, who treats only of functions containing one dependent and one independent variable. Jacobi says (Todhunter, Art. 219, p. 243): “I have succeeded in supplying a great deficiency in the Calculus of Variations. In problems on maxima and minima which depend on this calculus no general rule is known for deciding whether a solution really gives a maximum or a minimum, or neither. It has, indeed, been shown that the question amounts to determining whether the integrals of a certain system of differential equations remain finite throughout the limits of the integral which is to have a maximum or a minimum value. But the integrals of these differential equations were not known, nor had any other method been discovered for ascertaining whether they remain finite throughout the required interval. I have, however, discovered that these integrals can be immediately obtained when We have integrated the differential equations which must be satisfied in order that the first variation may vanish.” Jacobi then proceeds to state the result of his transformation for the cases where the function to be integrated contains x, y, dy / dx , and x, y, dy / dx 2 , and in this solution the analysis appears free from all objection, though, where he proceeds to consider the general case, the investigation does not appear to be quite satisfactory in form, inasmuch as higher and higher differential coefficients of By are successively introduced into the discussion (see Art. 5). Jacobi’s analysis is much more complicated than Brunacci's, its advantage being that the coefficients used in the transformation could be easily determined; hence it supplied the means of ascertaining whether they became infinite or not.

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Optimal Trajectories and the Accessory Minimum Problem

Aeronautical Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0001925900003437 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 205-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. J. Bell

Keyword(s):

Necessary Conditions ◽

Sounding Rocket ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Minimum Problem ◽

Multiplier Rule ◽

Variation Of A Function ◽

Accessory Minimum Problem ◽

The First Variation ◽

The Second Variation

SummaryThe necessary conditions of Clebsch and Weierstrass and of the multiplier rule in the calculus of variations, which arise from the study of the first variation of a function, are summarised. A further necessary condition associated with the second variation is stated. The latter condition is applied to two problems: (i) the determination of the thrust-time programme which maximises the altitude of a sounding rocket, (ii) the determination of the thrust direction programme for a rocket with a known propellant expenditure programme which yields a maximum range. In both problems it is found that the additional necessary condition is satisfied.

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THE FIRST AND SECOND VARIATION OF THE TOTAL ENERGY OF CLOSED DUPLEX DNA IN PLANAR CASE

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979210054257 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (05) ◽

pp. 587-597 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

XIAO-HUA ZHOU

Keyword(s):

Total Energy ◽

Equilibrium Shape ◽

Variation Method ◽

Second Variation ◽

General Shape ◽

Planar Case ◽

The First Variation ◽

The Second Variation ◽

First And Second Variation ◽

Classical Variation

DNA's shape mostly lies on its total energy F. Its corresponding equilibrium shape equations can be obtained by classical variation method: letting the first energy variation δ(1)F = 0. Here, we not only provide the first variation δ(1)F but also give the second variation δ(2)F in planar case. Moreover, the general shape equations of DNA are abstained and a mistake in Zhang et al., [Phys. Rev. E70, 051902 (2004)] is pointed out.

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Fatigue Assessment of SLWR Riser in Brazilian Pre-Salt: The Impact of Slope Changing Point in SN Curve

Volume 5B: Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Systems ◽

10.1115/omae2019-96592 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Stael F. Senra ◽

Ludimar L. Aguiar ◽

Eduardo Hippert ◽

Alexandre G. Garmbis ◽

Marcelo Dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Life ◽

Limit State ◽

Base Case ◽

Load Spectrum ◽

Internal Wall ◽

Case Scenario ◽

Fatigue Assessment ◽

Variable Amplitude ◽

Riser Design ◽

The Impact

Abstract One of the main challenges in rigid riser design for Brazilian Pre-salt is the fatigue limit state. At this new production frontier, some key points are imposed as a challenge for riser designers, mainly due to the high level of motions imposed by the FPSO at the riser top in a coupled system with water depth around 2200 meters, and thicker riser’s thermal insulation demanded for flow assurance (which worsens the dynamic response of production risers). Additionally, high contaminant levels in the fluid (CO2 & H2S) demands CRA materials. Within this context, Petrobras has been considering Steel Lazy Wave Riser (SLWR) configuration as a base case scenario for rigid riser projects, since this configuration is able to absorb part of the FPSO motions that would reach the touch down zone (TDZ) and, consequently, making this region much less demanded when compared against Steel Catenary Risers (SCR). In its pioneer deepwater SLWR [1], Petrobras adopted a conservative approach for fatigue assessment that involved degenerated SN curves from DNV-RP-C203, i.e. D curve in cathodic protection with the slope changing point (SCP) shifted to 5 × 106 for external wall and F1 curve in air with SCP at 5 × 107 for internal wall. More recently, both DNVGL and BSI have reviewed their fatigue assessment codes and no longer holds parity between SN curves. BS-7608 Ed. 2014 introduced different SCPs in order to account for a possible non-conservativeness in the assessment of low stresses under variable amplitude in the loading spectra. DNVGL-RP-C203 Ed. 2016 now presents three different bilinear SN curves for the internal wall of pipelines and risers that depends on weld misalignment, while it keeps SCP unchanged. This paper presents a recent case study for a typical SLWR configuration in pre-salt, in order to evaluate the impact of the changes proposed by the new versions of these design codes in the fatigue life of riser girth welds. Results of this work showed that the impact of different positioning of slope changing points in SN curves can have a great importance for riser design, since typical load spectrum lies around this region. Fatigue life could be increased up to twice or three times if one of these codes are adopted instead of the Shifted SN curves. However, the effect of low stresses under variable amplitude loading spectra is still a concern and it should be further investigated.

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A Quasi-constant Envelope Multiplexing Technique for GNSS Signals

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463315000119 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 791-808 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tao Yan ◽

Zuping Tang ◽

Jiaolong Wei ◽

Bo Qu ◽

Zhihui Zhou

Keyword(s):

Satellite System ◽

Significant Feature ◽

Constant Envelope ◽

Modulation Techniques ◽

Combining Efficiency ◽

The First Variation ◽

Global Navigation Satellite ◽

The Second Variation ◽

Numerical Optimisation ◽

Composite Signal

A significant feature of the modernised Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals is that there are multiple signal components needing to be transmitted on a carrier frequency. How to combine these signal components into a constant envelope composite signal is a challenge. Existing constant envelope modulation techniques have some limitations, and are not effective enough. To solve this problem, we propose a quasi-constant-envelope multiplexing technique in this paper. The proposed method is based on numerical optimisation, and can work in two ways. The corresponding objective functions are provided. To verify the performance of the proposed method, we present three application examples. Results show that the first variation of our method can reach the same combining performance as Phase-Optimised Constant-Envelope Transmission (POCET). In the second variation, the combining efficiency can be pre-set. We can reach higher combining efficiency than POCET, and the envelope of the composite signal becomes quasi-constant. Furthermore, the inter-modulation signals in the final composite signal are adjustable. With the help of the proposed method, we can learn more details of the combining scheme than with POCET.

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Fabrication of dye Rhoeospathacea with concentration variation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC)

Journal of Physics Theories and Applications ◽

10.20961/jphystheor-appl.v1i1.4722 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Sri Sumardiasih ◽

Agus Supriyanto ◽

C Cari

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Second Variation ◽

First Variation ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

The First Variation ◽

The Second Variation ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Absorbance Spectra

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a device that directly converts visible light into electrical energy. In this work we used dye was extracted from Rhoeo spathacea. A natural dye was directly mixed with TiO2 anatase to obtain dyed titanium dioxide which can be used as photoanode for DSSC by varying the volume of dye. The first variation is 2 ml dye mixed with 1 ml of TiO2, and the second variation is 3 ml dye mixed with 1 ml of TiO2. The absorbance spectra of the dye and dye titanium dioxide have been investigated by spectroscopy UV-Visible Lambda 25 and the conversion efficiency of dye titanium dioxide used Keithley 2602A meter. The DSSC based on dye titanium dioxide with varying volume of dye showed that the efficiency of the the second variation is 0,033% which is higher than the first variation (0,023%) as obtained from I-V characterization.

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THE EFFECT KIND OF WRITTEN TEST AND BELIEF OF MATHEMATIC TOWARD MATHEMATICRESULT

JISAE JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN STUDENT ASSESMENT AND EVALUATION ◽

10.21009/jisae.051.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Iskandar

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Vocational School ◽

Second Grade ◽

Positive Belief ◽

Experiment Method ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Level Design ◽

Written Test ◽

Quasi Experiment

This study aim is to find out the effect kind of written test and belief of mathematic toward mathematic result. The sample in this research is the second grade of vocational school of YPI Way Jepara. The dependent variable is mathematic result and independent variable is kind of written test that are depent to problem solving test and structure exercise method test, and belief of mathematic that are depent to positive and negative category. The instrument that use are mathematic result test and quisioner about mathematic belief. The method used was an quasi experiment method using the treatment by level design 2 x 2. The research hypotheses were tested using two way analysis of variance (ANAVA). The study concluded that mathematic result which the student have positive belief of mathematic is more effective treat by problem solving test, and the mathematic result of the student that

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Efficiency of Multi Soil Layering (MSL) System in A Household Scale of Wastewater Treatment Using Environmental Friendly Materials

Sustinere Journal of Environment and Sustainability ◽

10.22515/sustinere.jes.v4i1.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Badrus Zaman ◽

Wiharyanto Oktiawan

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Soil Layering ◽

The First Variation ◽

The Second Variation ◽

Required Quality

Most community settlements in Indonesia do not have a household scale of a wastewater treatment plant. Fatal impacts on the environment and human health can occur at any time, including (a) causing environmental damage (disaster), (b) damaging beauty/aesthetics for the scenery will be unpleasant and foul-smelling, (c) polluting water bodies, and (d ) endangering health. The purpose of this study is to optimize the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) System to treat domestic wastewater (greywater) using environmentally friendly materials that are available in Indonesia. The research method used the MSL system with the first variation using a batch system with Hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 24 hours and the second variation using an intermittent system with 3, 6, 9 hours HRT. The results showed that the MSL system was able to eliminate COD well. The highest COD removal efficiency was 93.44% at 9 hours HRT, but the effluent quality did not meet the required quality standards. The development of MSL systems that produces an effluent quality that meets the quality standards needs to be studied further.

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The Corelation of Laboratory Practicum Achievements and Achievements Of The Competence Target Of The Department Of KDPK Clinical Private Vocational School Students

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) ◽

10.26699/jnk.v6i1.art.p044-050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 044-050

Author(s):

Ika Agustina

Keyword(s):

College Student ◽

Vocational School ◽

Target Attainment ◽

Laboratory Practice ◽

School Students ◽

Considerable Part ◽

Data Measurement ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Clinic Practice ◽

Interest Target

Abstract: Practice at transcendent laboratory to be required deep prop laboratory practice achievement. Mark sense decrease among laboratories practicing achievement with interest target attainment KDPK so causes its low practicing interest target attainment reverential KDPK clinic its low college student ability because training reducing college student upon at laboratory at the time laboratory skill.Analytic observational korelasional with population is college student as much 40 college students by use of tech total samplings. For independent variable is laboratory practicing achievement, dependen's variable which is practicing interest target attainment KDPK'S clinic. Data measurement utilize check list's sheet and rekapan is target then result acquisition it is analysed by use of Mann Whitney . Result that is gotten from this research laboratories practicing achievement a large part be appreciative AB (42,5% meanwhile practicing interest target attainments KDPK'S clinics a considerable part accomplished targets asP big as 90%. Known by point Mann Whitney p = 0,731 therefore this point more than α = 0,05. analisis's result points out no relationship among laboratories practicing achievement with interest target attainment KDPK zoom college student midwifery D3 STIKes Patria Husada Blitar year 2012. With marks sense this research is expected college student coaches its skill to get things square succeeding clinic practice. Keywords: practice, laboratory, interest

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