scholarly journals Waste from processing of technical grape varieties in poultry nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 938 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Raisat Akhmedkhanova ◽  
Haji Shabanov ◽  
Samira Aliyeva ◽  
Albina Alakayeva ◽  
Irina Musayeva ◽  
...  

Abstract The feed additives for balancing the diet for biologically active substances still utilizing up to the present time. Their main components are synthetic substances that have not only low digestibility, but also negatively affect human health. In this regard, we are developing technologies for the utilization of local plant feed additives and waste processing in the feeding of farm animals and poultry. This is the waste of processing technical grape varieties – grape pomace. These wastes can be considered as natural feed additives because after technological processing they can be used to produce flour with a high content of macro and microelements, vitamins, as well as amino acids.

Author(s):  
М.В. ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО ◽  
Р.В. КАЗАРЯН ◽  
Т.В. ВАНИЦКАЯ ◽  
Е.В. КУЗЬМИНОВА ◽  
М.П. СЕМЕНЕНКО ◽  
...  

Для интенсификации производства животноводческой продукции и повышения ее качества необходимо обогащать рацион сельскохозяйственных животных и птицы кормовыми добавками, содержащими комплекс биологически активных веществ. Исследованы образцы комплексной кормовой добавки, содержащей масляную композицию БАВ в-каротина, витаминов Е и С, жидкого рапсового лецитина и селена, и пробиотическую добавку (ПД) Целлобактерин в соотношениях соответственно от 1 : 1 до 1 : 5. Установлено, что при соотношении масляная композиция БАВ : ПД Целлобактерин 1 : 3 количество пробиотической культуры Enterococcus faecium 1-35, содержащейся в ПД Целлобактерин, в опытном образце достигает максимального значения 6,4 Ч 105 КОЕ/г. При этом обеспечивается равномерное распределение масляной композиции БАВ на поверхности ПД. В опытах in vivo определена эффективность применения комплексной добавки с установленным соотношением компонентов для нормализации обменных процессов в организме животных. Доказано, что введение в рацион лабораторных крыс опытной группы многокомпонентной кормовой добавки в количестве 3 к основному рациону (ОР), контаминированному микотоксинами, позволяет достичь опережения прироста массы тела на 15-е и 45-е сутки эксперимента на 6,45 и 33,05 соответственно снижения содержания мочевины в сыворотке крови на 58,43 по сравнению с аналогичными показателями у животных контрольной группы, получавших только ОР. Степень снижения аланинаминотрасферазы и аспартатаминотрансферазы по отношению к аналогичным показателям контрольной группы составила 18,53 и 29,89 соответственно. Следовательно, комплексная кормовая добавка при соотношении масляная композиция БАВ : ПД Целлобактерин 1 : 3 обладает ярко выраженными гепатопротекторными и антитоксическими свойствами. Enriching the diet of farm animals and poultry by feed additives containing a complex of biologically active substances is necessary to intensify the production of livestock products and improve their quality. Samples of a complex feed additive containing an oil composition of BAS в-carotene, vitamins E and C, liquid rapeseed lecithin and selenium, and a probiotic additive (PA) Cellobacterin in ratios from 1 : 1 to 1 : 5 respectively were studied. It was found that the ratio of the oil composition of BAS : PA Cellobacterin 1 : 3 respectively the amount of probiotic culture Enterococcus faecium 1-35 contained in PA Cellobacterin in the experimental sample reaches a maximum value 6,4 Ч 105 CFU/g. In this case, the distribution of BAS oil composition on the PA surface is uniform. The effectiveness of using a complex additive with a set ratio of components to normalize metabolic processes in animals was determined in in vivo experiments. It is established that introduction in a diet of laboratory rats of the experimental group multicomponent feed additive in an amount of 3 to the basic ration (BR), contaminated with mycotoxins, can achieve compared to the same indicators in animals of the control group who received only the BR, the timing of weight gain on 15-th and 45-th day of the experiment by 6,45 and 33,05 respectively reduction of urea content in blood serum at 58,43. The degree of reduction of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in relation to similar indicators of the control group was 18,53 and 29,89 respectively. Therefore, a complex feed additive with the ratio of oil composition of BAS : PA Cellobacterin 1 : 3 has pronounced hepatoprotective and antitoxic properties.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Victorovna Ulrikh ◽  
Rafik Shamilovich Khaliullin ◽  
Irina Alexandrovna Ganieva ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Izhmulkina ◽  
Mikhail Nikolayevich Arzjutov

Medicinal plants are producers of many biologically active substances – compounds that can influence biological processes in animals; such compounds include cardiac glycosides, saponins, sterols, carotenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, vitamins, quinones, as well as substances with specific aroma, taste and color. Objects of the research were the extracts of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), maral root (Leuzea carthamoides), holy thistle (Silybum marianum) and marigold (Calendula officinalis) obtained by low-temperature water-ethanolic extraction followed by low-temperature vacuum drying of the extracts. The content of biologically active substances was determined in accordance with the standard methods of chemical analysis for phytobiotic substances. As shown by the results of the studies, phytobiotic substances contain ascorbic acid, polysaccharides, tannins, carotenoids, phytosterols, fructose and inulin. They also contain many flavonoids, which, presumably, efficiently alter the economic-useful qualities of agricultural animals and poultry. The phytobiotical feed additives may indirectly control the intestinal microflora, supporting the internal protective mechanisms of the animal organism. The use of phytobiotical feed additives in the diet of farm animals and poultry is rationally substantiated, and contributes to abandoning the use of antibiotics in the fodder. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-825
Author(s):  
N. P. Timofeev

In the review the historical preconditions for implementation and the state of use (for 2021) of phytogenic substances as growth and productivity stimulators of farm animals are considered. The main aspects of phytobiotics use have been analyzed in detail: 1) mechanisms of action; 2) distinction between phytobiotics and veterinary medicines; 3) species range of the plants used and their active substances; 4) productive efficiency. The following limitations and disadvantages in the use of existing phytobiotics are considered: they do not have a direct anabolic effect and are useless under severe stress, and by the combination of bad factors the negative effect cannot be overcome. In addition, there are problems with their safety. Other limitations - the composition of phytobiotics varies widely, there is no standardization for active substances, and attempts to do this reveal cytoxicity in very small dosages of these compounds (essential oils, saponins, isoquinoline alkaloids). In the prospect of further studies, unique plant sources from Russia are proposed, which are absent abroad and contain ecdysteroids as biologically active components, not available in the phytogenic substances widely used now. Distinctive properties of phytoecdysteroids and ecdysterone as their main representative are as follows: feed additives containing them relieve severe stress, conventional phytobiotics do not have such an effect; have direct anabolic effect; have pleiotropic (multiple) effect. Their use in livestock breeding does not cause fears, as they are safe substances. It is possible to combine such substances with other antimicrobial agents in order to improve bioavailability and prolong the action of the active ingredient of ecdysterone


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
D. Kh. Nurullaeva ◽  
N. T. Farmanova ◽  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
...  

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (104) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
L. V. Vyslotska ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
O. V. Kozenko ◽  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
M. V. Chornyj ◽  
...  

One of the conditions for obtaining high-quality pig products is the use of feed additives, which contain all the necessary biologically active substances, eliminating their deficiency in feed and acting as catalysts for metabolic processes in pigs. That is why the aim of the study was to study the effect of feed additive “Sylimevit” on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant system of piglets after weaning. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental, in the amount of 10 individuals in each group, selected on the principle of analogues – age, breed and body weight. During the weaning period, the piglets were kept under the sow in special machines, had constant access to the mother, and from the age of 5 days – free access to concentrated feed. Feeding of animals was carried out in accordance with the norms for a given age of pigs. Prior to the study, a clinical and physiological examination of the piglets was performed. Their general condition and activity when eating food were taken into account. On the 28th day of life, the piglets were weaned from the sow and regrouped from different nests in order to be further maintained during the period of fattening and rearing with a change in the structure of the diet, which served as technological stress for the animals. From the age of 5 days, piglets of all groups were fed pre-starter feed. Piglets of the experimental group, from 21 to 40 days of age, were additionally fed the feed supplement “Sylimevit” at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day. Feeding piglets Silimevit feed enhances their antioxidant status. The use of this feed additive in piglets contributed to the activation of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic parts of the antioxidant defense system of piglets after weaning, as indicated by an increase in blood 35-day-old piglets superoxide dismutase activity by 26.9 % (P < 0.001), catalase – 41.1 % (P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase – by 52.7 % (P < 0.05), glutathione reductase – by 53.5 % (P < 0.05), the content of reduced glutathione – by 75 % (P < 0.001). This is due to the fact that silimevit contains active substances such as milk thistle and vitamins, which are strong direct-acting antioxidants and directly interact with free radicals and reactive oxygen species.


Author(s):  
G.А. Zhorov ◽  
◽  
L.L. Zakharova ◽  
V.N. Obryvin ◽  
◽  
...  

For correctly assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of sorption-detoxifying agents and feed additives intended for animals receiving feed with an excess content of toxicants, it is necessary to take into account the background levels of radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides and other technogenic and natural pollutants in the studied substances. The need for such studies is due both to the existence of areas with a naturally elevated level of natural toxicants in the sources of raw materials for the production of additives and drugs, and to the increasing anthropogenic influence, accompanied by the entry of xenobiotics into environmental objects. In series of radiometric studies, the specific activity of technogenic and natural radioactive isotopes (90Sr, 137Cs, 40К, 226Ra, 232Th) in a number of sorption-detoxifying and biologically active substances and preparations used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as part of feed additives and pharmacological agents was determined. It was found that in 43% of the studied samples, the level of specific activity of 1,1Sr in 3-90 times higher than allowed by the current standards. The maximum level of 90Sr, equal to (137±9) Bq/kg, was detected in perlite. The specific activity of 137Cs did not exceed the permissible level: in mineral sorbents its amount reached (40±7) Bq/kg, in organic and complex sorbents – (24±4), and in feed additives – (29±8) Bq/kg. The maximum levels of 40K were (1429±83) Bq/ kg in minerals (radionite) and (2613±100) Bq/kg in organic substances (lignohumate). The levels of 226Ra and 232Th did not exceed (153±13) and (79±13) Bq/kg, respectively, and were higher in the mineral samples.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Derevenko ◽  
G. Kasyanov ◽  
L. Pylypenko

Grape pomace contains a complex of valuable and biologically active compounds. Drying is one of the main ways of microbiological stabilisation and preservation of the nutritional value of this secondary raw material. Kinetic parameters of dehydration of grape pomace from different industrially cultivated and processed varieties have been studied, namely, of the red grape varieties Cabernet and Shiraz, and of the white varieties Chardonnay and Riesling. Dependences of the moisture content in the process of convective drying at different drying agent rates have been obtained at a regulated temperature of 80 °C. The components of such an important technological parameter as the drying time have been determined. These components include the duration of the constant drying rate period Φ2 and the time of the decreasing drying rate period Φ1 of the two zones of the second drying period. The coefficients of the dehydration process have been calculated depending on the type of grape pomace processing. It has been shown that the discrepancy between the calculated and experimental results does not exceed ±3.9%. The specific features of the moisture yield of the pomace have been revealed, the pomace being viewed as a complex heterogeneous system with colloidal and capillary-porous properties. There are different types of its technological preparation: it can be fresh, frozen, fermented, and this makes for the fact that the drying time and drying rate may differ by 1.32–1.46 times. High preservation of valuable properties of grape pomace has been shown. Thus, the concentration of biologically active substances (BAS) in the total polyphenolic compounds is up to 69% of their initial concentration in the grape pomace samples, and the microbial contamination of the samples after drying is reduced by 51–82% of their initial contamination.


Author(s):  
А.И. Фролов ◽  
А.Н. Бетин

Жизненно важными микроэлементами для жвачных животных являются медь, цинк, марганец, железо, кобальт, йод, селен. Микроэлементы, в которых атом металла соединён и защищён белковыми молекулами, улучшают воспроизводительные качества самок за счёт повышения оплодотворяемости, уменьшения эмбриональной смертности, улучшения состояния мочеполовой системы или повышения интенсивности функционирования яичников. Поэтому в настоящее время актуальными являются разработка и внедрение в технологию кормления сельскохозяйственных животных наиболее эффективных препаратов с необходимыми биологически активными веществами. На основании проведённого исследования дано практическое обоснование использования в технологии кормления тёлок отечественной кормовой биодобавки на основе гидролизата соевого белка, витаминов и микроэлементов. Установлено её положительное действие на некоторые функции органов и систем животных. Экспериментально доказана эффективность её применения для оптимизации обменных процессов и повышения воспроизводительных функций тёлок. Так, биохимическим исследованием образцов крови подопытных животных установлено, что количество кальция и фосфора в крови у тёлок опытной группы по сравнению с контролем было достоверно выше на 2,35 и 2,9% соответственно. Эритропоэтическая фракция была более выражена у молодняка опытной группы. У тёлок опытной группы время от начала скармливания препарата до первой выраженной охоты и осеменения, по сравнению с контрольными животными, сократилось на 16%, а период от начала скармливания препарата до плодотворного осеменения – на 25,7%. Количество тёлок, пришедших в охоту и осеменённых в первый месяц, в опытной группе по сравнению с контрольной было на 43% больше. Оплодотворяемость тёлок опытной группы за учётный период составила 95%, что на 20% больше, чем у животных контрольной группы. Включение в рацион тёлок биодобавки в дозе 100 мл/гол. позволило получить дополнительно на 8,5% больше валового прироста живой массы по отношению к их аналогам. The vital trace nutrients for ruminants are copper, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, iodine, selenium. Microelements in which a metal atom is jointed and protected by protein molecules improve the reproductive qualities of females by increasing fertility, reducing embryonic mortality, improving the state of the genito-urinary system or increasing the intensity of ovarian functioning. Therefore the development and implementation of the most effective preparations with the necessary biologically active substances in the technology of feeding farm animals is currently relevant. On the ground of conducted research a practical substantiation of the use of domestic food supplement based on the hydrolyzate of soy protein, vitamins and trace nutrients in the feeding technology of heifers is given. Its positive effect on some functions of animal organs and systems has been established. The effectiveness of its application to optimize metabolic processes and increase the reproductive functions of heifers has been experimentally proven. Thus a biochemical blood samples analysis of experimental animals found that the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood of the heifers of the experimental group compared with the control was significantly higher by 2.35 and 2.9% respectively. The erythropoietic fraction was more defined in the young experimental group. In heifers of the experimental group the time from the beginning of feeding the drug to the first defined heat and insemination compared with control animals decreased by 16% and the period from the beginning of feeding the drug to prolific insemination – by 25.7%. The number of heifers that came to the heat and inseminated in the first month in the experimental group was 43% higher than the control group. The impregnation capacity of the heifers of the experimental group during the record period was 95% which is 20% more than in animals of the control group. Inclusion in the diet of heifers bioadditive at a dose of 100 ml / goal allowed obtaining additionally 8.5% more the gross body weight gain relative to their analogs.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2806
Author(s):  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Lyudmila Asyakina ◽  
Maxim Korobenkov ◽  
Liubov Skrypnik ◽  
Artem Pungin ◽  
...  

Medicinal plants (Cotinus coggygria, Dactylorhiza maculata, Platanthera chlorantha) growing in various territories (Kaliningrad, Moscow, and Minsk regions) were the objects of research. This paper presents a study of the chemical composition of these plants. To analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of biologically active substances, the method of high-performance liquid chromatography was used. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to study the content of trace elements. The content of organic acids and vitamins was determined by capillary electrophoresis using the Kapel-105/105M capillary electrophoresis system with high negative polarity. Extracts of medicinal plants were obtained on a Soxhlet apparatus using 70% ethanol as an extractant. It was found that among the biologically active substances in the plants under discussion, hyperoside, rutin (C. coggygria), Ferulic acid and Gallic acid (D. maculata), triene hydrocarbon (3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene), unsaturated alcohol (3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol), and benzyl acetate (P. chlorantha) prevailed. Samples of these medicinal plants contained trace elements (phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and sulfur) and many aliphatic organic acids (succinic acid, benzoic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, and tartaric acid). The largest amount of biologically active substances and secondary metabolites of the studied plants from the Eastern Baltic is associated with climatic and ecological differences from other regions. The composition of these plants determines the potential of their use in feed additives for livestock and poultry as part of measures to improve the quality of livestock products. The use of medicinal plants for the production of feed additives is relevant in terms of improving regional economies, as well as improving the quality of life and nation’s health by providing ecologically clean livestock products.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Mendel Friedman ◽  
Christina C. Tam ◽  
Jong H. Kim ◽  
Sydney Escobar ◽  
Steven Gong ◽  
...  

Trichomoniasis in humans, caused by the protozoal parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease, while Tritrichomonas foetus causes trichomonosis, an infection of the gastrointestinal tract and diarrhea in farm animals and domesticated cats. As part of an effort to determine the inhibitory effects of plant-based extracts and pure compounds, seven commercially available cherry tomato varieties were hand-peeled, freeze-dried, and pounded into powders. The anti-trichomonad inhibitory activities of these peel powders at 0.02% concentration determined using an in vitro cell assay varied widely from 0.0% to 66.7% against T. vaginalis G3 (human); from 0.9% to 66.8% for T. foetus C1 (feline); and from 0.0% to 81.3% for T. foetus D1 (bovine). The organic Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (D) peels were the most active against all three trichomonads, inhibiting 52.2% (G3), 66.8% (C1), and 81.3% (D1). Additional assays showed that none of the powders inhibited the growth of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic fungi, or non-pathogenic lactobacilli. Tomato peel and pomace powders with high content of described biologically active compounds could serve as functional food and feed additives that might help overcome adverse effects of wide-ranging diseases and complement the treatment of parasites with the anti-trichomonad drug metronidazole.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document