scholarly journals Use of digital technology to follow the consequences of a warming Arctic climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 1201 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
L B Hætta Myrmel ◽  
O T Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Arctic Ice

Abstract The rapid warming climate is causing the Arctic ice to retreat and the permafrost to melt. These visible manifestations of the ongoing climate change are few of many environmental and societal changes that take place in the Arctic. The acceleration of digitalization and implementation of digital technology bring new opportunities to follow the consequences of the warmer arctic climate, but also introduces new challenges in this region as the dependency on the digital technology increases. This paper focuses on the cyber ecosystem and discusses digital technology available for monitoring the consequences of a warming Arctic and its impact on Critical Infrastructure (CI) in Norway, such as communication networks, electric power transfer systems, water and wastewater, transportation infrastructure, oil and gas infrastructure. The need for reliable satellite communications is emphasized.

scholarly journals The influence of the lunar nodal cycle on Arctic climate

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Yndestad
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Harmonic Spectrum ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Arctic Ice

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a substantial energy sink for the northern hemisphere. Fluctuations in its energy budget will have a major influence on the Arctic climate. The paper presents an analysis of the time-series for the polar position, the extent of Arctic ice, sea level at Hammerfest, Kola section sea temperature, Røst winter air temperature, and the NAO winter index as a way to identify a source of dominant cycles. The investigation uses wavelet transformation to identify the period and the phase in these Arctic time-series. System dynamics are identified by studying the phase relationship between the dominant cycles in all time-series. A harmonic spectrum from the 18.6-year lunar nodal cycle in the Arctic time-series has been identified. The cycles in this harmonic spectrum have a stationary period, but not stationary amplitude and phase. A sub-harmonic cycle of about 74 years may introduce a phase reversal of the 18.6-year cycle. The signal-to-noise ratio between the lunar nodal spectrum and other sources changes from 1.6 to 3.2. A lunar nodal cycle in all time-series indicates that there is a forced Arctic oscillating system controlled by the pull of gravity from the moon, a system that influences long-term fluctuations in the extent of Arctic ice. The phase relation between the identified cycles indicates a possible chain of events from lunar nodal gravity cycles, to long-term tides, polar motions, Arctic ice extent, the NAO winter index, weather, and climate.

Backbone for Escape, Evacuation and Rescue From Arctic Facilities: A Systematic Approach

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Longrée ◽  
Sven Hoog
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Operating Personnel ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
The Impact

In turn of the global warming and driven by the constant need for resources an increasing number of commercial and scientific activities conquer the Arctic in order to benefit from almost untouched resources like oil and gas but also from the overwhelming nature. These activities are accompanied by a steadily increasing number of vessels transporting goods but also operating personnel, scientists or tourists. Especially the number of tourists visiting the Arctic can reach far more than 1000 per vessel, resulting in growing headaches for the responsible safety and security authorities in the Arctic surrounding countries. Up to now no suitable Escape, Evacuation and Rescue (EER) concept is in place to cope with these challenges when it comes to hazardous situations. In this context IMPaC ([1]) developed a new and appropriate EER concept for the Arctic, exceeding the currently dominant small and isolated settlements along the coastlines in Denmark (Greenland), Norway, Russia, Canada and the US. One question seems to be central: Is there any requirement and benefit beyond the currently used small rescue station? Yes, we strongly believe that there is a growing demand for suitable infrastructure coming from various industries. Beyond rescue objectives there is a demand for people working and living in this area all year long, for a few days, weeks or months using these settlements for their specific needs. This led us to the idea of the provision of a common-use infrastructure for multiple industries. The commonly used infrastructure maximizes the use of the remote and very expensive infrastructure and minimizes the impact on the environment in this part of the world. Potential users of this infrastructure would be: • Oil & Gas Industry, driven by the increased world energy demand • Marine Transport & Tourism Industry, driven by declined arctic ice and new sea routes via the Arctic sea • Fishery Industry • Scientific community Any EER concept for the Arctic has to cope with several specific environmental and spatial challenges as addressed by the EU joint research project ACCESS ([2]), where IMPaC participates. The paper introduces the new EER concept and focuses especially on its beneficial, efficient and safe operability in the Arctic recording an increasing number of commercial and scientific activities.

scholarly journals Quantifying Emerging Local Anthropogenic Emissions in the Arctic Region: The ACCESS Aircraft Campaign Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roiger ◽  
J.-L. Thomas ◽  
H. Schlager ◽  
K. S. Law ◽  
J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Arctic Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pollution Plumes

Abstract Arctic sea ice has decreased dramatically in the past few decades and the Arctic is increasingly open to transit shipping and natural resource extraction. However, large knowledge gaps exist regarding composition and impacts of emissions associated with these activities. Arctic hydrocarbon extraction is currently under development owing to the large oil and gas reserves in the region. Transit shipping through the Arctic as an alternative to the traditional shipping routes is currently underway. These activities are expected to increase emissions of air pollutants and climate forcers (e.g., aerosols, ozone) in the Arctic troposphere significantly in the future. The authors present the first measurements of these activities off the coast of Norway taken in summer 2012 as part of the European Arctic Climate Change, Economy, and Society (ACCESS) project. The objectives include quantifying the impact that anthropogenic activities will have on regional air pollution and understanding the connections to Arctic climate. Trace gas and aerosol concentrations in pollution plumes were measured, including emissions from different ship types and several offshore extraction facilities. Emissions originating from industrial activities (smelting) on the Kola Peninsula were also sampled. In addition, pollution plumes originating from Siberian biomass burning were probed in order to put the emerging local pollution within a broader context. In the near future these measurements will be combined with model simulations to quantify the influence of local anthropogenic activities on Arctic composition. Here the authors present the scientific objectives of the ACCESS aircraft experiment and the the meteorological conditions during the campaign, and they highlight first scientific results from the experiment.

Monitoring Arctic Ice Movements with Satellite Doppler

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-378
Author(s):  
Alexander Hittel
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Satellite Technology ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Arctic Ice

This paper was originally presented at the Second Symposium on Satellite-Doppler Positioning in Austin, Texas in January 1979.The application of doppler satellite technology to ice-movement studies requiring high-quality positional determination ( ± 1 m) has proved of great value in remote areas of Canada. Potential oil and gas anomalies in the Arctic Islands, hundreds of kilometres from land, can now be successfully monitored with regard to ice-floe movement by remote methods on an almost daily basis. Extensive field tests conducted in the Calgary area during the fall of 1976 showed that daily movements as small as 1 m could be detected with high-quality satellite receivers using rigorous three-dimensional multi-station computer processing methods.

scholarly journals Arctic Climate Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-617
Author(s):  
Daniel Bodansky ◽  
Hugh Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climate Change Policies ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Arctic Ice

Abstract The melting of the Arctic poses enormous risks both to the Arctic itself and to the global climate system. Conventional climate change policies operate too slowly to save the Arctic, so unconventional approaches need to be considered, including technologies to refreeze Arctic ice and slow the melting of glaciers. Even if one believes that global climate interventions, such as injecting aerosols into the stratosphere to scatter sunlight, pose unacceptable risks and should be disqualified from consideration, Arctic interventions differ in important respects. They are closer in kind to conventional mitigation and adaptation and should be evaluated in similar terms. It is unclear whether they are feasible and would be effective in saving the Arctic. But given the importance of the Arctic, they should be investigated fully.

scholarly journals Charting a Sustainable Course through Changing Arctic Waters

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-347
Author(s):  
Robin Warner
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Environment ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
The Status ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
Shipping Traffic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As the Arctic ice recedes, the opportunities for all year round routing of merchant shipping through Arctic waters rise. The freeing up of Arctic waters may also attract increased numbers of scientific research vessels, vessels servicing oil and gas installations, foreign fishing vessels and warships. The prospect of major navigational channels opening up in this region bring risks to a pristine Arctic environment and its indigenous inhabitants. This article highlights the threats posed to the species, habitats and ecosystems of Arctic waters from increased shipping transits of the region including the potential for increased vessel source discharges of noxious and hazardous substances and the catastrophic consequences of groundings for the Arctic environment and its biodiversity. It reviews the legal controversies over the status of certain parts of Arctic waters and the navigational regimes applicable to foreign flag vessels transiting Arctic waters under the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC). The need to balance navigational rights with appropriate environmental safeguards under an increasing array of international environmental principles including the precautionary approach and obligations to assess the impact of ship based activities on the global environment and its marine components is examined. The article then analyses some of the regulatory mechanisms which have been devised to promote environmentally sustainable navigation for shipping in sensitive areas of ocean space subject to high levels of shipping traffic through the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

scholarly journals Fram Strait: Possible key to saving Arctic ice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detelina Ivanova ◽  
Subarna Bhattacharyya ◽  
Leslie Field ◽  
Velimir Mlaker ◽  
Anthony Strawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Transpolar Drift ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
Ice Pack

Abstract We present a modeling study of the sensitivity of present-day Arctic climate dynamics to increases in sea ice albedo in the Fram Strait. Our analysis reveals a new mechanism whereby enhancing the albedo in the Fram Strait triggers a transition of the regional atmospheric dynamics to a negative Arctic Dipole Anomaly phase. This causes an Arctic-wide ice circulation regime, weakening Transpolar Drift and reducing Fram Strait ice export, leading to thickening of the multi-year ice pack. These findings advance our understanding of the key role that the Fram Strait plays in the Arctic climate and highlights a potential path to restoring Arctic sea ice.

scholarly journals Aurora borealis and the arctic climate change: is there any relation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
El. Kotrotsiou ◽  
St. Anastassopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Aurora Borealis ◽  
Solar Storms ◽  
Arctic Ice ◽  
Arctic Climate Change ◽  
Clear Relation

In our study we tested the hypothesis that one of the causes of climate change could also be the recently observed solar hyperactivity, since it differentiates the way clouds are formed. We analyzed, from specific databases, the speed (km/s) and the proton density (p/cm3) of the solar storms in the atmosphere along with the ambient temperature and the ice extent in the arctic over the last eleven (11) years. Our study indicates indeed an explicit increase of the speed and the density of the solar wind. A not so definite analogy between the temperature’s increase and the limitation of the arctic ice extent is also noticed. Yet, the period studied is short to establish a clear relation between the rise of temperature with the enhanced solar activity. A further investigation should be followed, documenting values of more solar activity and climate change parameters during longer periods of recent time to make safe conclusions.

Communications Challenges in the Arctic: Oil and Gas Operations Perspective

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu Dac Ho ◽  
Kay Fjørtoft
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Typical Satellite

Challenges when operating offshore systems in the Arctic were addressed and analyzed from general data communications systems to distress communications systems. Two methodologies were developed with tools for estimating: a) Rainfall rate in the worst case as well as the degradation due to the highest rainfall rate to link budget of typical satellite links; b) Performance of any service at a given geographical area or location. The evaluations were for diversified inputs such as geographical locations were ranging from further south to high North; the most typical satellite communications systems in the region; and an abundant list of services dedicated to offshore Oil and Gas industry, the paper has provided a wide range list of results and recommendations when analyzing services performances from low to high latitudes and west to east longitudes. An important conclusion was that voice-relevant services were not working fine for both Inmarsat and VSAT from the latitude of 73.5 degree North regardless of the bandwidth of the satellite when assuming the deadline for these voice packets was one second. These services can be partially of fully satisfied by Inmarsat or VSAT depends on the bandwidth provided if working below that latitude. For file transfer services, it is possible to guarantee a certain satisfactory ratio at high latitude provided a compensation for bandwidth. The paper1 also provides other numerical results in regarding of link compensation that can be used for new satellite link purpose.

The Arctic Climate System

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Serreze ◽  
Roger G. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Climate System ◽  
Arctic Climate ◽  
The Arctic
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