Creep of concrete caused by freeze and thaw cycle

Differential interferometry of synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) can be used to generate high-precision surface displacement maps in continuous permafrost environments, capturing isotropic surface subsidence and uplift associated with the seasonal freeze and thaw cycle. We generated seasonal displacement maps using DInSAR with ultrafine-beam Radarsat-2 data for the summers of 2013, 2015, and 2019 at Cape Bounty, Melville Island, and examined them in combination with a land-cover classification, meteorological data, topographic data, optical satellite imagery, and in situ measures of soil moisture, soil temperature, and depth to the frost table. Over the three years studied, displacement magnitudes (estimated uncertainty ± 1 cm) of up to 10 cm per 48-day DInSAR stack were detected. However, generally, the displacement was far smaller (up to 4 cm). Surface displacement was found to be most extensive and of the greatest magnitude in low-lying, wet, and steeply sloping areas. The few areas where large vertical displacements (>2.5 cm) were detected in multiple years were clustered in wet, low lying areas, on steep slopes or ridges, or close to the coast. DInSAR also captured the expansion of two medium-sized retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS), exhibiting widespread negative surface change in the slump floor.

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A freeze-and-thaw-induced fragment of the microtubule-associated protein tau in rat brain extracts: implications for the biochemical assessment of neurotoxicity

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20203980 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Israel C. Vasconcelos ◽

Raquel M. Campos ◽

Hanna K. Schwaemmle ◽

Ana P. Masson ◽

Gustavo D. Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurological Diseases ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Common Procedure ◽

Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽

Human Samples ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Protein Map ◽

Brain Extracts ◽

Biochemical Assessment

Abstract Tau is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) responsible for controlling the stabilization of microtubules in neurons. Tau function is regulated by phosphorylation. However, in some neurological diseases Tau becomes aberrantly hyperphosphorylated, which contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, known as tauopathies. Western blotting (WB) has been widely employed to determine Tau levels in neurological disease models. However, Tau quantification by WB should be interpreted with care, as this approach has been recognized as prone to produce artifactual results if not properly performed. In the present study, our goal was to evaluate the influence of a freeze-and-thaw cycle, a common procedure preceding WB, to the integrity of Tau in brain homogenates from rats, 3xTg-AD mice and human samples. Homogenates were prepared in ice-cold RIPA buffer supplemented with protease/phosphatase inhibitors. Immediately after centrifugation, an aliquot of the extracts was analyzed via WB to quantify total and phosphorylated Tau levels. The remaining aliquots of the same extracts were stored for at least 2 weeks at either −20 or −80°C and then subjected to WB. Extracts from rodent brains submitted to freeze-and-thaw presented a ∼25 kDa fragment immunoreactive to anti-Tau antibodies. An in-gel digestion followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis in excised bands revealed this ∼25 kDa species corresponds to a Tau fragment. Freeze-and-thaw-induced Tau proteolysis was detected even when extracts were stored at −80°C. This phenomenon was not observed in human samples at any storage condition tested. Based on these findings, we strongly recommend the use of fresh extracts of brain samples in molecular analysis of Tau levels in rodents.

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1-Norm: Analyzing Changes in Mechanical Wave Motion in Soft Biological Tissue Caused by a Freeze and Thaw Cycle

10.1115/1.0004785v ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harish Palnitkar ◽

Rolf Reiter ◽

Shreyan Majumdar ◽

Dieter Klatt ◽

Thomas Royston

Keyword(s):

Biological Tissue ◽

Wave Motion ◽

Mechanical Wave ◽

Soft Biological Tissue ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Thaw Cycle

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Effets du gel sur les infrastructures routières argileuses au Québec

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t92-014 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 131-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marius Roy ◽

Jean Tardif ◽

Serge Leroueil ◽

Gaston Larose ◽

Pierre La Rochelle

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Key Words ◽

Mechanical Behaviour ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Liquidity Index ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

Freeze Thaw Cycle

This study deals with the freeze and thaw effects on the mechanical behaviour of the clayey subgrades exposed by cuts for the placement of road foundations. Twelve cut sites have been analysed in cooperation with the ministère des Transports du Québec. As damages were observed after the first winter on some of the sites, whereas none were apparent on other sites, it was possible to define the factors that may lead to such damages. In particular, the field study confirms the laboratory results showing that criteria based on liquidity index are sufficient to characterize the change of mechanical behaviour of the clayey soils subjected to one freeze–thaw cycle. Key words : clay, liquidity index, freeze-thaw, bearing capacity of roads, heaving, cut. [Translated by the Journal]

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Stability of miR-126 in Urine and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Renal Endothelial Injury with Diabetic Nephropathy

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/393109 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Guangqiang Gao ◽

Chun Yang ◽

Kun Zhou ◽

Baozhong Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Extended Period ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

The Stability

Background.The purpose of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using miR-126 in the urine as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy.Methods.miRNAs were extracted from the urine samples of T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN;n=92), T2DM without DN (n=86), and 85 healthy volunteers using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time polymerase chain reaction) analysis. Stability of urinary miR-126 and factors that affected the stability were assessed. A subgroup analysis was also carried out to compare the urinary miR-126 level in T2DM patients well controlled by the treatment versus those who were not well controlled.Results.Urinary miR-126 was stable when the urine samples were kept at room temperature for extended period of time, 4°C, −20°C, and −80°C for up to 12 hours or subjected to 10 freeze-and-thaw cycle. Urinary miR-126 was significantly higher in T2DM patients with DN (5.76±0.33versus3.25±0.45in T2DM patients without DN). Successful treatment significantly reduced urinary miR-126 in T2DM patients with DN to3.89±0.52(P<0.05).Conclusion.miR-126 in the urine is stable and it could be used as a biomarker of DN and to monitor the treatment response.

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A freeze-and-thaw induced-fragment of the microtubule-associated protein Tau in rat brain extracts: implications for the biochemical assessment of neurotoxicity

10.1101/404129 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Israel C. Vasconcelos ◽

Raquel M. Campos ◽

Hanna K. Schwaemmle ◽

Ana P. Masson ◽

Gustavo D. Ferrari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurological Diseases ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Common Procedure ◽

Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽

Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Human Samples ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Brain Extracts

ABSTRACTTau is a microtubule-associated protein responsible for controlling the stabilization of microtubules in neurons. Tau function is regulated by phosphorylation. However, in some neurological diseases Tau becomes aberrantly hyperphosphorylated, which contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, known as tauopathies. Western blotting (WB) has been widely employed to determine Tau levels in neurological disease models. However, Tau quantification by WB should be interpreted with care, as this approach has been recognized as prone to produce artifactual results if not properly performed. In this study, our goal was to evaluate the influence of a freeze-and-thaw cycle, a common procedure preceding WB, to the integrity of Tau in brain homogenates from rats, 3xTg-AD mice and human samples. Homogenates were prepared in ice-cold RIPA buffer supplemented with protease/phosphatase inhibitors. Immediately after centrifugation, an aliquot of the extracts was analyzed via WB to quantify total and phosphorylated Tau levels. The remaining aliquots were stored for at least 2 weeks at either −20°C or −80°C and then subjected to WB. Extracts from rodent brains submitted to freeze-and-thaw presented a ~25 kDa fragment immunoreactive to anti-Tau antibodies. An in-gel digestion followed by mass spectrometry analysis in excised bands revealed this ~25 kDa species corresponds to a Tau fragment. Freeze-and-thaw-induced Tau proteolysis was detected even when extracts were stored at −80°C. This phenomenon was not observed in human samples at any storage condition tested. Based on these findings, we strongly recommend the use of fresh extracts of brain samples in molecular analysis of Tau levels in rodents.

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Influence of a Freeze and Thaw Cycle on Liquefaction Resistance of Sandy Soils

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS ◽

10.3208/sandf1972.33.4_148 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 148-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shigeru Goto

Keyword(s):

Sandy Soils ◽

Liquefaction Resistance ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Thaw Cycle

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PSIII-6 Effects of repeated freeze and thaw cycles on serum and plasma metabolite concentrations in beef cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 234-234

Author(s):

Jera L Monaghan ◽

Abigail R Rathert ◽

Allison M Meyer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Sample Type ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Metabolite Concentrations

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether repeated freeze and thaw cycles alter bovine circulating metabolite concentrations, which serve as indicators of nutrient utilization. In research settings, it is common to thaw and refreeze samples when confirming results or performing further analyses; thus, it is important to determine if these actions alter metabolites. Jugular blood samples were collected from beef cows (n = 14) and fall-born calves (n = 14) at weaning. Samples were processed into multiple aliquots and stored at -20°C until analysis. Samples were thawed at 4°C for 8 to 10 h on each day of analysis and refrozen for at least 48 h between cycles. Concentrations of serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), serum urea N, plasma triglycerides, and plasma glucose were analyzed using commercially available kits on a UV-visible light plate reader. Data were analyzed with sample type (cow vs. calf), thaw (cycles 1-4), and their interaction in a mixed model. Additionally, R2 were determined among freeze-thaw cycles within each metabolite. Thaw cycle impacted glucose concentrations (P = 0.03); other metabolites were unaffected (P > 0.25). Thaw cycle and its interaction with sample type did not affect metabolite concentrations (P > 0.33). Sample type did not affect triglyceride and BUN concentrations (P > 0.34). There was a type effect (P < 0.0001) for NEFA and glucose; NEFA were greater in cows and glucose was greater in calves. There was a strong relationship between urea N thaw cycles 1 and 2 (R2 = 0.88), which was also apparent between all other urea N, triglycerides, NEFA, and glucose cycles (R2 ≥ 0.79, 0.96, 0.91, and 0.61 respectively). These data indicate that repetitive freezing and thawing of bovine serum and plasma samples has little effect on non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and urea N, but may impact glucose concentrations.

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Relationship between Anti-frozen Durability and Pore Structure on Concrete in Freeze and Thaw Cycle Environment

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201823802010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 02010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chao Wang ◽

Zhao-Lei Liu ◽

Lei Yu

Keyword(s):

Pore Structure ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Dynamic Modulus ◽

Micro Structure ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Mix Proportion ◽

Structure Index ◽

Resistance Performance

To detect which micro structure index can make an effected on the anti-frozen durability on concrete, 3 kinds of concrete with different mix proportion have been made. The dynamic modulus of elasticity and pore structure index were detected and the relativity of them was analysed. The result shows that the dynamic modulus of elasticity decreases after freezing and wary with porosity. Critical pore size becomes larger. The gel pore amount decreases. The capillary and macro pore amount increase. There is a good relativity between frost-resistance performance and pore parameters. By decreasing porosity and the amount of macro pore, increasing gel pore amount, the anti-frozen durability can be enhanced.

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Effect of freeze and thaw cycle on the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites with un-oiled fibers containing liquid and solid polymers

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/00219983211038623 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 002199832110386

Author(s):

Hadi Azadmanesh ◽

Seyed Amir Hossein Hashemi ◽

Seyed Hooman Ghasemi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Bending Test ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Uniaxial Tensile ◽

Flexural Properties ◽

Cementitious Composites ◽

Engineered Cementitious Composites ◽

Freeze And Thaw ◽

Thaw Cycle

Nowadays, the application of the engineered cementitious composites(ECC) is expected to highly develop. Due to the lack of access to oiled- polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers in many parts of the world, the implementation of the ECC has contained many difficulties. In this study, to increase the mechanical properties of ECC with the use of un-oiled PVA fibers, the polymers of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were taken into account to resolve the abovementioned issue. Herein, also in order to enhance the tensile and flexural properties of ECC, the cement was replaced by polymers. Accordingly, a total of 7 mix designs were planned to conduct the proposed tests. The compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, and three-point bending tests were performed on the ECC at their 28-day age with consideration of the freeze and thaw cycle. The results of this research illustrated that the use of polymers can enhance the tensile and flexural properties of the ECC with un-oiled PVA fibers. The tensile strain in this study increased by more than 3% after the application of the polymers. Furthermore, the compressive strength increased by more than 47 MPa, and the deflection at the mid-span reached more than 9 mm in the bending test. However, the results showed that the use of polymers was effective on the freeze and thaw cycle and almost preserved the mechanical properties of the ECC. SBR latex has higher compatibility with the ECC in comparison with EVA powder.

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