Synergistic Performance of Expanded Graphite – Mica amalgamation based Non-Asbestos Copper-Free Brake Friction Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathyamoorthy G ◽  
R. Vijay ◽  
D Lenin Singaravelu
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Brake Dynamometer ◽  
Worn Surface

Abstract Recent advancements in brake pad applications emphasise various friction compositions that exclude toxic components such as asbestos, copper etc., in order to provide superior performance without hurting the environment, human life and aquarium species. In this work, brake friction materials were fabricated by the conventional manufacturing process as standard brake pads using expanded graphite with the synergetic effect of thermal resistant material mica flakes. Six standard brake pads were produced based on varying the expanded graphite by 16, 14, 12, 8, 6 & 4 weight percentage, which is compensated using the Mica flakes by 4, 6, 8, 12, 14 & 16 weight percentage, fixing the composition of other ingredients and designated as BM01, BM02, BM03, BM04, BM05 and BM06. Physical, chemical and mechanical, characterisations of the formed friction materials were carried out in accordance with IS 2742 and ISO 6312. A full-scale inertia brake dynamometer was used to determine the fade, recovery characterisations with the pressure and speed sensitivity as of JASO-C-406. From the experimental observations, BM03 friction composites reveal excellent low fade and high recovery characteristics because of the integrated effect of expanded graphite (superior lubricity) & mica (good thermal stability). Worn surface analysis was studied with the help of a scanning electron microscope. The inclusion of expanded graphite-mica as a hybrid “lubricant-filler” combination in composite materials for friction braking application results in performance synergism.

Influence of premixed dual metal sulfides on the tribological performance of copper-free brake friction materials

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay R. ◽  
Manoharan S. ◽  
Nagarajan S. ◽  
Lenin Singaravelu D.
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Dual Metal

Purpose The purpose of this study is to deals with the effect of premixed dual metal sulfides (tin disulfide + iron disulfide) as a replacement for antimony trisulfide on the tribological performance of brake friction materials. Design/methodology/approach In this study, brake friction materials were developed by using premixed dual metal sulfides as a replacement for antimony trisulfide in the formulation. The brake friction materials were developed in the form of standard brake pads as per the industrial practice. Thermal stability was measured for varying ingredients and developed brake pads using thermogravimetric analysis. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the developed brake pads were tested as per the industrial standards. The tribological properties were analyzed using the Chase test as per SAE J661. Worn surface analysis was done using a scanning electron microscope. Findings The experimental results indicate that the brake pads filled with premixed dual metal sulfides had good thermal stability, physical, chemical and mechanical properties with stable friction and less wear rate due to better lubrication preventing friction undulations. Originality/value This paper explains the influence of premixed dual metal sulfides as a replacement for antimony trisulfide in brake pads formulation to enhance the tribological performance by preventing friction undulations. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-04-2020-0144/

Influence of natural barytes purity levels on the tribological characteristics of non-asbestos brake pads

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay R. ◽  
Manoharan S. ◽  
Lenin Singaravelu D.
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Impurity Level ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Purity Level ◽  
Brake Dynamometer ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Worn Surface

Purpose This paper aims to deal with the effect of natural barytes purity levels on the tribological performance of brake pads. Design/methodology/approach In this study, brake pads were developed by varying three different natural barytes without varying other ingredients. The brake pads were developed as per the standard industrial practice. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the developed brake pads were tested as per the industrial standards. The tribological properties were analyzed using a full-scale inertia brake dynamometer. Worn surface analysis was done using scanning electron microscope coupled with elemental mapping. Findings The experimental results indicate that the brake pads filled with natural barytes 95% purity had good physical, chemical and mechanical properties with stable friction and less wear rate due to reduced impurity level preventing frictional undulations. Originality/value This paper explains the effect of the purity level of natural barytes in brake pads formulation to enhance the tribological performance by altering tribofilms and preventing friction undulations.

Effect of the size on the friction characteristics of brake friction materials: a case study with Al2O3

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1020-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Sugözü ◽  
Behcet Dağhan ◽  
Ahmet Akdemir
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nano Alumina ◽  
Brake Dynamometer ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Automotive Brake

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the potential of alumina (Al2O3) in nanometer size in automotive brake friction materials. Design/methodology/approach Four brake linings containing alumina differing in particle size (355 µm and 80 nm) and various amount (5 and 10 Wt.%) were designed and produced. The hardness, density and porosity of the samples were measured. All samples were tested on a full-scale brake dynamometer with gray cast iron disc to determine the tribological properties. Detailed examinations on the worn surface were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy. Findings It was concluded that all performance parameters were beneficially affected because of nano alumina. Originality/value This paper emphasizes the importance of nano-composites in the automotive industry and helps industrial firms and academicians working on wear of materials.

Tribological Properties of Ti-Al Alloy Self-Lubricating Composite Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Xiu Ling Wang ◽  
Li Ying Yang ◽  
Shou Ren Wang ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Hot Pressing Sintering ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Self Lubricating Composites

A series of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb/62%BaF2-38%CaF2 (CB) self-lubricating composites with addition of different weight percentage of solid lubricant were prepared by vacuum hot pressing sintering. Sliding wear tests against 45#steel were performed on the specimen in dry conditions, worn morphology was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The test results show that when addition of solid lubricant weight percentage is 10%, the worn surface of the composites is most smooth.The main wear mechanisms of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb/62%BaF2-38%CaF2 composite are abrasive wear and adherent wear.

scholarly journals Sensor Fault-Tolerant Control Design for Mini Motion Package Electro-Hydraulic Actuator

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Van Nguyen ◽  
Cheolkeun Ha
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Control ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Fault Tolerant Control ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Sensor Fault

With the rapid development of computer science and information and communication technology (ICT), increasingly intelligent, and complex systems have been applied to industries as well as human life. Fault-tolerant control (FTC) has, therefore, become one of the most important topics attracting attention from both engineers and researchers to maintain system performances when faults occur. The ultimate goal of this study was to develop a sensor fault-tolerant control (SFTC) to enhance the robust position tracking control of a class of electro-hydraulic actuators called mini motion packages (MMPs), which are widely used for applications requiring large force-displacement ratios. First, a mathematical model of the MMP system is presented, which is then applied in the position control process of the MMP system. Here, a well-known proportional, integrated and derivative (PID) control algorithm is employed to ensure the positional response to the reference position. Second, an unknown input observer (UIO) is designed to estimate the state vector and sensor faults using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization algorithm. Then an SFTC is used to deal with sensor faults of the MMP system. The SFTC is formed of the fault detection and the fault compensation with the goal of determining the location, time of occurrence, and magnitude of the faults in the fault signal compensation process. Finally, numerical simulations were run to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach compared to traditional tracking control.

Tribological Performance of a Non Asbestos Organic Brake Pad Using Various Organic and Mineral Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
M.A. Sai Balaji ◽  
K. Kalaichelvan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Brake Disc ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Acrylic Fibers ◽  
Automotive Brake

Non-Asbestos organic composite friction materials are increasingly used in automotive brake disc pad applications. The present paper deals with the role of various organic fibers Kevlar, Acrylic fibers and the Rock fiber namely the Lapinus fiber on the fade and recovery behavior of friction composites. Three different friction composites were developed with same formulation varying only the percentage of Kevlar, Acrylic and lapinus fibers within the formulation. The formulations containing 13.5% of these fibers were developed as brake pads and designated as NA01, NA02 and NA03 respectively. The chemical and Mechanical properties are tested as per Indian Industrial standards.. The composites are then tested for the tribo-performance using Chase Testing Machine following SAE J661a standards. The fade µ, recovery µ and wear are significantly influenced by the amount and type of fiber combinations. Also the TGA reveals the degradation temperature of these fibers. Composite NA 03 containing Kevlar and lapinus combination is found to have good tribo performance. Worn surface analysis by SEM has proved to be useful in understanding the wear behavior of the composites.

A multi-site mechanism model for studying Pb and Cu retention from aqueous solutions by Fe-Mg-rich clays

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kypritidou ◽  
A. Argyraki
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Retention Mechanisms ◽  
Clay Materials

ABSTRACTThe retention mechanisms of metal ions during interaction of clay with metal-rich aqueous solutions is usually investigated by sorption isotherms. Although classical isotherm models may provide sufficient information about the characteristics of the solid–liquid system, they do not distinguish among the various retention mechanisms. This study presents a methodological approach of combining batch experiment data and geochemical modelling for the characterization of the interaction of Mg-Fe-rich clay materials with monometallic solutions of Pb and Cu. For this purpose, a palygorskite clay (PCM), an Fe-smectite clay (SCM) and a natural palygorskite-Fe-smectite mixed clay (MCM) were assessed for their effectiveness as metal ion sorbents. The sorption capacity of the materials follows the order MCM > SCM > PCM and ranges between 27.6–52.1 mg g–1for Pb and 7.7–17.6 mg g–1for Cu. Based on the experimental results that allowed the speciation calculations, fitting of sorption isotherms and the investigation of relationships between protons, Mg and the metals studied we suggest that a combination of sorption mechanisms occurs during the interaction of clay materials with metal solutions. These involve surface complexation, ion exchange and precipitation of solid compounds onto the solid surface. A three-term isotherm model was employed to quantify the role of each of the above mechanisms in the overall retention process. The superior performance of mixed clay among the materials tested is attributed to the synergetic effect of exchange in the interlayer and specific sorption on the clay edges.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of volatile chlorinated organic compounds with ozone addition

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ebrahimi ◽  
Farshid Ghorbani Shahna ◽  
Abdulrahman Bahrami ◽  
Babak Jaleh ◽  
Kamal ad-Din Abedi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Expanded Graphite ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Chlorinated Organic Compounds ◽  
Combined System

Abstract The decomposition of hydrocarbons using combined advanced oxidation methods is largely considered owing to abundant production of OH radicals and the potential economic advantages. In this study, the synergetic effect of ozonation on photocatalytic oxidation of chloroform and chlorobenzene over expanded graphite-TiO2&ZnO Nano composite was investigated. The effect of introduced ozone concentration and residence time was also examined on removal efficiency. The results showed that the removal efficiency was significantly enhanced by the combined system resulting from the additional oxidation process causing active species to be increased. Increasing the introduced ozone concentration which generates more reactive compounds had a greater effect on the removal efficiency than that of residence time. However, from the mineralization point of view, the residence time had a dominant effect, and the selectivity towards CO2 was dramatically declined when the flow rate increased. Based on these results, the combined system is preferred due to higher removal efficiency and complete mineralization.

Properties of Jute Fibers Reinforced Friction Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Yun Hai Ma ◽  
Su Qiu Jia ◽  
Bao Gang Wang ◽  
Wei Ye ◽  
Jin Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Debris ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Heating Condition ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Jute Fibers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Worn Surface

Jute fibers reinforced friction materials were prepared by mold and heat treatment. The friction coefficients of 3wt.%,9wt.% and 12wt.% jute fibers reinforced friction materials were bigger than that of the materials without jute fibers in the heating condition. The friction coefficient of 6 wt.% jute fibers reinforced friction materials was bigger than that of the materials without jute fibers below 250°C. The friction coefficient of jute fibers reinforced friction materials deceased with the temperature decrease in the cooling condition. The friction coefficient of the materials with free-jute fibers raised from 350-250°C and reduced at the temperature lower than 250°C.Wear rates of the friction materials raised with temperature rise for jute fibers carbonization led to the matrix became loose. With jute fibers content rise worn surface of the reinforced materials became from smooth to rough. There were pits, grooves, abrasive particles, pulled out fibers and wear debris on the worn surfaces. Abrasive wear was the main wear mechanism.

Manufacturing Brake Pads by Using Hot Powder Preform Forging for Low Duty Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 820-823
Author(s):  
A.A.S. Ghazi ◽  
K. Chandra ◽  
P.S. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
High Density ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Powder Preform ◽  
Fade And Recovery ◽  
Materials Used

To develop a high density brake pad for low duty application, a P/M route based on ‘Hot Powder Preform Forging’ was developed, which is not possible by sintering route. The mechanical properties of these materials were characterized using ASTM standards. The limitations of the conventional technique i.e. Compacting and Sintering for the manufacture of brake pads were tried to remove by adopting this technology. It offers better opportunity for pore free materials with better bonding between metallic and non-metallic constituents. Fade and Recovery test were done by using a Krauss Tester. μfade, μrecoveryand μperformancelie within the range of friction materials used for low duty applications.

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