Fabrication and characterization of low-sheet-resistance and stable stretchable electrodes employing metal and metal nanowire hybrid structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunjoo Cho ◽  
Seungjun Chung ◽  
Jaewook Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Current Path ◽  
Initial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Stability ◽  
Metal Nanowire

Abstract Stretchable electrodes with high stretching capability and low sheet resistance were developed using a metal/silver nanowires (AgNWs)/metal hybrid structure on a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. A low sheet resistance around 100 mΩ/square was achieved using the hybrid structures of Ag/AgNWs/Ag and Cu/AgNWs/Cu electrodes. The stretching capability under single and multi-cycling strain conditions was greatly improved due the AgNWs in-between top and bottom metal electrodes. The random connection of AgNWs generates new current path over the various cracks and wavy structures of the metal electrodes, which improve the initial resistance, the stretching capability of single strain up to 16 % and the resistance stability of 100 times cycling strain for the electrodes. Using a simple resistor model, it was shown that the hybrid structure is effective to improve the stretching capability of the stretchable metal electrodes due to random connection of AgNWs in-between the metal electrodes.

scholarly journals Investigation of Thermal Annealing Condition on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Hybrid Silver Nanowires/Reduced Graphene Oxide (AgNWS/rGO) Films

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3S1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Thu ◽  
Huynh Tran My Hoa ◽  
Pham Hoai Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Huynh Nhu ◽  
Tran Quang Trung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Ito Film ◽  
Reduced Graphene

Herein we report a electrode in the hybrid  structure of the silver nanowires (AgNWs) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposited on glass or PET substrate. The assembly and contacting in procedures of this hybrid film have been strongly affected by preparation conditions, especially annealing temperature. In this work, we have investigated the effects of thermal annealing on interconnected at nanowire junctions and between AgNWS network and rGO films via their sheet resistance and transmission. The annealing temperature was varied from 120\(^{\circ}\)C to 180\(^{\circ}\)C with 10\(^{\circ}\)C step to find out optimal temperature at which the wires can be joined together. The results show that at 170\(^{\circ}\)C, the sheet resistance and transmission of the hybrid rGO/Ag NW film are \(R_{s} = 10.7\;\Omega\) sq\(^{ - 1 }\) and \(T = 77\)% (at wavelength 550 nm) corresponding to the ratio of direct conductivity to optical conductivity \(\sigma _{DC}/\sigma _{OP} = 126\) which is the best obtained value. It is expected that the hybrid AgNWS/rGO film can replace ITO film in the near future.

scholarly journals Characterization of Silver Nanowire Layers in the Terahertz Frequency Range

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7399
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Przewłoka ◽  
Serguei Smirnov ◽  
Irina Nefedova ◽  
Aleksandra Krajewska ◽  
Igor S. Nefedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Electrical And Optical Properties ◽  
Conductive Coatings ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Smith Model ◽  
Metal Nanowire

Thin layers of silver nanowires are commonly studied for transparent electronics. However, reports of their terahertz (THz) properties are scarce. Here, we present the electrical and optical properties of thin silver nanowire layers with increasing densities at THz frequencies. We demonstrate that the absorbance, transmittance and reflectance of the metal nanowire layers in the frequency range of 0.2 THz to 1.3 THz is non-monotonic and depends on the nanowire dimensions and filling factor. We also present and validate a theoretical approach describing well the experimental results and allowing the fitting of the THz response of the nanowire layers by a Drude–Smith model of conductivity. Our results pave the way toward the application of silver nanowires as a prospective material for transparent and conductive coatings, and printable antennas operating in the terahertz range—significant for future wireless communication devices.

scholarly journals Effects of Concentration and Spin Speed on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Li ◽  
Jiayue Zhou ◽  
Dejun Yan ◽  
Yong Peng ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
Spin Speed

In this paper, silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a diameter of 40 nm and a length of 45 μm were dispersed into an ethanol solution to prepare AgNW solutions with concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 mg/mL, respectively. The AgNW solutions were then deposited on a glass substrate using spin-coating at 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm for 45 s, respectively, to prepare transparent electrodes. The results showed that the distribution of AgNWs on the substrate increased in density with the increase in the AgNW solution concentration and the decrease in spin speed. The effect of concentration on the distribution of AgNWs was greater than that of the spin speed. The transmittance of each electrode was between 84.19% and 88.12% at 550 nm, the average sheet resistance was between 20.09 and 358.11 Ω/sq, the highest figure of merit (FoM) was 104.42, and the lowest haze value was 1.48%. The electrode prepared at 1000 rpm with a concentration of 2 mg/mL and that prepared at 3000 rpm with a concentration of 3 mg/mL were very similar in terms of the average sheet resistance, transmittance at 550 nm, FoM, and haze value; thus, these two electrodes could be considered equivalent. The haze value of the electrode was positively correlated with the spin speed at low concentration, but that relationship became inverse as the concentration rose. For the AgNWs used in this experiment with an aspect ratio of 1125, the concentration of the AgNW solution should reach at least 2 mg/mL to ensure that the FoM of the electrode is greater than 35.

scholarly journals Characterization of Carbonaceous Deposits on an End-of-Life Engines for Effective Cleaning for Remanufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Jianfeng Li ◽  
Xiujie Jia ◽  
Mingliang Ma ◽  
Yuan Ren
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cleaning Method ◽  
Carbonaceous Deposits ◽  
Strong Adhesion

Remanufacturing is one of the most effective strategies to achieve sustainable manufacturing and restore the performance of end-of-life products. However, the lack of an effective cleaning method to clean carbonaceous deposits severely hampers the remanufacturing of end-of-life engines. To explore an appropriate cleaning method, it is necessary to first study the characterization of the carbonaceous deposits. A broad range of analyses including X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance study, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to conduct an in-depth characterization of the carbonaceous deposits. The results showed that a hybrid structure composed of organics and inorganics is the most distinguishing feature of the carbonaceous deposit in end-of-life engines. The inorganics form the skeleton on which organics get attached, thereby resulting in a strong adhesion of the deposit and increasing the difficulty of cleaning. Therefore, a method in which several cleaning forces can be simultaneously applied is more suitable for the present purpose. Molten salt cleaning was chosen to verify the feasibility of this proposal. This method was shown to have the potential to effectively clean the carbonaceous deposit. This finding could contribute towards promoting the effective remanufacturing of end-of-life engines.

scholarly journals Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the epidemiological characterization ofStaphylococcus intermediusimplicated in a food-related outbreak

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Khambaty ◽  
R. W. Bennett ◽  
D. B. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

SUMMARYAn outbreak of food intoxication involving over 265 cases in western United States occurred in October 1991.Staphylococcus intermediuswas implicated as the aetiologic agent. Representative outbreak isolates (five clinical and ten from foods) produced type A enterotoxin. DNA fragments generated by four restriction endonucleases and analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) provided definitive evidence that all isolates from nine different counties in California and Nevada were derived from a single strain. The PFGE pattern of these outbreak isolates was distinct from those of a heterogeneous collection of sevenS. intermediusstrains of veterinary origin and five unrelatedS. aureuslaboratory strains. The data show a significant PFGE pattern heterogeneity not only among members of differentStaphylococcusspecies but also within members of the same species and even the same enterotoxin type. The results indicate that PFGE is a valuable strain-specific discriminator for the epidemiological characterization ofS. intermedius. To our knowledge, this represents the first documented foodborne outbreak caused byS. intermedius. These findings suggest that the presence ofS. intermediusand other species such asS. hyicusin food should be reason for concern.

Synthesis and characterization of size-controlled silver nanowires

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Shudong Lin ◽  
Jiwen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Electronic And Optical Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Crucial Effect ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Size Controlled

Abstract Silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted attentions form both academia and industry due to their outstanding electronic and optical properties. The AgNW-based devices for various uses were invented in recent years. It is well known that the sizes of AgNWs have a crucial effect on the performance of AgNW-based devices. However, how to synthesize AgNWs with controlled sizes is still unsolved. Researchers reported many methods to synthesize AgNWs with different sizes in the past decade. However, a review that focuses on the synthetic methods of AgNWs is very rare. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent developments that have been achieved with AgNWs, and many procedure details and results and discussions will be provided for practical use. Graphical Abstract:

Fabrication and characterization of flexible hybrid transparent electrodes with broadband transparency

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140023
Author(s):  
Keh-Moh Lin ◽  
Swapnil Shinde ◽  
Ru-Li Lin ◽  
Wen-Tse Hsiao ◽  
Pankaj Koinkar
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
Radio Frequency Sputtering ◽  
Light Region ◽  
Average Transmittance ◽  
Continuous State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrate

In this study, indium-zinc oxide (IZO)/silver (Ag)/IZO (ZAZ) flexible transparent electrodes were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate substrate using radio frequency sputtering technique. Experimental results showed that when the Ag film transited from semi-continuous state to continuous state, the ZAZ electrode exhibited high optoelectronic performance. The best ZAZ sample had a quite wide range of high transmittance and an average transmittance of 78.9% in visible light region, and sheet resistance of [Formula: see text]/sq and a Haacke Index of [Formula: see text]. The bending test revealed that the [Formula: see text] (change in sheet resistance) of ZAZ electrodes after 1000 bends was still less than 25% while the electrical properties of IZO films deteriorated after only 100 bending tests.

scholarly journals Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Treponema phagedenis from Bovine Digital Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1520
Author(s):  
Hector M. Espiritu ◽  
Lovelia L. Mamuad ◽  
Su-jeong Jin ◽  
Seon-ho Kim ◽  
Seok-won Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Average Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bovine Strain

This study aimed to isolate and characterize Treponema spp. from bovine digital dermatitis (BDD)-infected dairy cattle. Seven isolates were characterized in this study. Isolates exhibited slow growth, and colonies penetrated the agar and exhibited weak β-hemolysis. Round bodies were observed in old and antibiotic-treated cultures. Cells ranged from 9–12 µm in length, 0.2–2.5 µm in width, and were moderately spiraled. The 16S rRNA analysis revealed the isolates as Treponema phagedenis with >99% sequence homology. Isolates had alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, and β-glucuronidase activities. Low concentrations of ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline were required to inhibit the growth of isolates. Formic, acetic, and butyric acids were produced, while propionic acid was significantly utilized, indicating its essentiality for treponemal growth. The isolates shared the same characteristics and, therefore, were considered as a single strain. Isolate HNL4 was deposited as a representative isolate (Treponema phagedenis KS1). The average nucleotide identity of strain KS1 showed a small difference with the human strain (99.14%) compared with bovine strain (99.72%). This study was the first to isolate and characterize Treponema phagedenis from BDD in Korea and, hence, it delivered pathogenicity-related insights and provided valuable information that can be used for the management of BDD.

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