Elucidating local pollution and site representativeness at the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland through parallel aerosol measurements at an adjacent mountain ridge

The transport industry is a major contributor to both local pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). The key challenge today is to mitigate the adverse impacts on the environment caused by road transportation. The volatile market prices and diminishing supplies of fuel have led to an unprecedented interest in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In addition, improvements in motor efficiencies and significant advances in battery technology have made it easier for BEVs to compete with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This paper describes and assesses the latest technologies in different elements of the BEV: powertrain architectures, propulsion and regeneration systems, energy storage systems and charging techniques. The current and future trends of these technologies have been reviewed in detail. Finally, the key issue of electric vehicle component recycling (battery, motor and power electronics) has been discussed. Global emission regulations are pushing the industry towards zero or ultra-low emission vehicles. Thus, by 2025, most cars must have a considerable level of powertrain electrification. As the market share of electric vehicles increases, clear trends have emerged in the development of powertrain systems. However, some significant barriers must be overcome before appreciable market penetration can be achieved. The objective of the current study is to review and provide a complete picture of the current BEV technology and a framework to assist future research in the sector.

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Impact of Industrial Pollution on Radial Growth of Conifers in a Former Mining Area in the Eastern Carpathians (Northern Romania)

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12050640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 640

Author(s):

Cristian Gheorghe Sidor ◽

Radu Vlad ◽

Ionel Popa ◽

Anca Semeniuc ◽

Ecaterina Apostol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Industrial Pollution ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Mining Operation ◽

Mining Area ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Local Pollution ◽

Eastern Carpathians ◽

The Impact

The research aims to evaluate the impact of local industrial pollution on radial growth in affected Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in the Tarnița study area in Suceava. For northeastern Romania, the Tarnița mining operation constituted a hotspot of industrial pollution. The primary processing of non-ferrous ores containing heavy metals in the form of complex sulfides was the main cause of pollution in the Tarnița region from 1968 to 1990. Air pollution of Tarnița induced substantial tree growth reduction from 1978 to 1990, causing a decline in tree health and vitality. Growth decline in stands located over 6 km from the pollution source was weaker or absent. Spruce trees were much less affected by the phenomenon of local pollution than fir trees. We analyzed the dynamics of resilience indices and average radial growth indices and found that the period in which the trees suffered the most from local pollution was between 1978 and 1984. Growth recovery of the intensively polluted stand was observed after the 1990s when the environmental condition improved because of a significant reduction in air pollution.

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Spatial differentiation of ecosystem risks of soil pollution in floodplain areas of the Czech Republic

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/53/2016-swr ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Skála ◽

R. Vácha ◽

J. Hofman ◽

V. Horváthová ◽

M. Sáňka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Spatial Differentiation ◽

Flood Frequency ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Local Pollution ◽

Floodplain Soils ◽

History Of ◽

High Flood

Extensive soil sampling and screening assessment of ecosystem risks combined with a multidimensional statistical analysis were used to estimate and spatially characterize the ecosystem risks stemming from the contamination of floodplain soils in the Czech Republic. We proved structural differences in regional pollution patterns where different regional/local pollution sources led to various nature and extent of the environmental load of floodplain soils. The established spatial patterns helped reveal the areas where soils do not meet soil quality standards and where the ecosystem risks were elevated. Furthermore, the results allowed to establish priority contaminants of flood affected areas in various catchments in the Czech Republic. Combining both the magnitudes of estimated ecosystem risks and structural characteristics of pollution profiles, the highest estimated risks showed the localities with high contents of organochlorine pesticides, several samples connected to geochemical anomalies of metallogenic zones (deposits), and localities with a long history of industrial load. Since extreme weather events have recently become more frequent, our results highlight the importance of a continual monitoring of pollutant turnover in floodplain soils with a high flood frequency.

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Evaluation of ionic pollutants in cloud droplets at a mountain ridge in northern Japan using constrained oblique rotational factor analysis

Atmospheric Research ◽

10.1016/s0169-8095(00)00050-8 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 279-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nobuaki Ogawa ◽

Ryoei Kikuchi ◽

Tomoko Okamura ◽

Junko Inotsume ◽

Tetsuya Adzuhata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Mountain Ridge ◽

Cloud Droplets ◽

Rotational Factor ◽

Northern Japan

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Optical turbulence measurements at a mountain ridge

10.1117/12.391875 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Frank D. Eaton ◽

Judith E. Miller ◽

Sheldon S. Stokes ◽

Kenneth H. Underwood

Keyword(s):

Optical Turbulence ◽

Mountain Ridge ◽

Turbulence Measurements

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Assessment of the pyrogenic pollution of the soil-plant system on the base of geochemical markers for a local model of transport pressure

Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature ◽

10.17072/2410-8553-2021-1-65-86 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 65-86

Author(s):

A.P. Khaustov ◽

◽

M.M. Redina ◽

Keyword(s):

Heavy Traffic ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Forest Park ◽

Plant System ◽

Local Pollution ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Functional Zones ◽

Integral Characteristics ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Geochemical Markers

The choice of informative indicators for local estimates of the transport pressure on urban soil-plant systems is a serious problem of preserving green spaces. The spatial variations of the characteristics of the flows of marker compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) acting as geochemical markers), the integral characteristics of the toxicity of soil pollutants, roots and aerial parts of plants TEQ, as well as the values of indicator ratios based on the concentrations of PAHs in the media are considered. The object of local research is the RUDN University campus (Moscow, Russia) with an adjacent forest park area. The territory is located in the zone of influence of heavy traffic flows and is experiencing an intense load from emissions. The state of the territory is monitored at 33 points according to a unique monitoring program. Pollution indicators showed different informativeness for constructing transport pressure models. Various modes of pollution in 3 functional zones of the territory are revealed; the zones of influence of the main sources of pollution are justified. The indicator ratios confirmed the leading source of pollution –pyrogenic emissions of transport, but they are to varying degrees sensitive to the activity of local pollution sources. Priority routes of PAH intake and accumulation in the components of the soil and plant system were identified. For the first time, a correlation between a number of ratios and indicators of polyarene contamination toxicity (TEQ) was established.

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Two birds, one stone? Local pollution regulation and greenhouse gas emissions

Energy Economics ◽

10.1016/j.eneco.2018.10.011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Claire Brunel ◽

Erik Paul Johnson

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Local Pollution ◽

Pollution Regulation

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XII. —Hastivanj

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00031713 ◽

1904 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 269-272

Author(s):

H. Beveridge

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Sixth Century ◽

Mountain Ridge ◽

History Of ◽

First Time

There is a mountain-ridge on the old route to Kamīr viâ Bhimbar and Bahrāmgala which bears the name of Hastīvanj. It is near the ‘Alīābād Serai, but is on the other, or right, bank of the Pīr Pantsāl stream, and is marked on Dr. Stein's map of Kamīr. See also his Rājataranginī, book i, pp. 44–5, and vol. ii, pp. 394–5. Dr. Stein visited the spot and identified it as the place where King Mihrakul, who lived in the first part of the sixth century, is said to have had a hundred elephants thrown over the cliffs. The circumstance is mentioned in the Āīn Akbarī, Jarrett, ii, 382, but both there and at p. 347 id. the place is called in the Persian text Hastī Watar or Vatar. The name Hastīvanj occurs apparently for the first time in Ḥaidar Malik's history of Kamīr, which was written during Jahāngīr's reign and about 1621. After that it occurs in a note to the oldest MS. of the Rājataranginī, written apparently about 1680, and in Narayan Kūl's history, which was written about 1710. Ḥaidar Malik mentions the place in his account of Mihrakul near the beginning of his book. He there describes the incident, and says that the place has since been called Hastīvanj , because hastī means elephant (fīl) in the Hindī (qu. Sanskrit) tongue, and vanj in the same language means ‘going’ (raftan). Narayan Kūl's explanation is similar, and is probably copied from Ḥaidar.

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