Assessment of the pyrogenic pollution of the soil-plant system on the base of geochemical markers for a local model of transport pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
A.P. Khaustov ◽  
◽  
M.M. Redina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Plant System ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Geochemical Markers

The choice of informative indicators for local estimates of the transport pressure on urban soil-plant systems is a serious problem of preserving green spaces. The spatial variations of the characteristics of the flows of marker compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) acting as geochemical markers), the integral characteristics of the toxicity of soil pollutants, roots and aerial parts of plants TEQ, as well as the values of indicator ratios based on the concentrations of PAHs in the media are considered. The object of local research is the RUDN University campus (Moscow, Russia) with an adjacent forest park area. The territory is located in the zone of influence of heavy traffic flows and is experiencing an intense load from emissions. The state of the territory is monitored at 33 points according to a unique monitoring program. Pollution indicators showed different informativeness for constructing transport pressure models. Various modes of pollution in 3 functional zones of the territory are revealed; the zones of influence of the main sources of pollution are justified. The indicator ratios confirmed the leading source of pollution –pyrogenic emissions of transport, but they are to varying degrees sensitive to the activity of local pollution sources. Priority routes of PAH intake and accumulation in the components of the soil and plant system were identified. For the first time, a correlation between a number of ratios and indicators of polyarene contamination toxicity (TEQ) was established.

scholarly journals Hazard indicators of urban soil contamination with polycyclic hydrocarbons on the example of monitoring results of the RUDN campus

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Margarita M. Redina ◽  
Alexander P. Khaustov ◽  
Xiangkai Li ◽  
Zhandos D. Kenzhin ◽  
Polina Yu. Silaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Individual

The characteristics of the hazard of urban soils pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered: naphthalene (Naph), anthracene (An), phenanthrene (Phen), pyrene (Py), fluoranthene (Flu), chrysene (Chr), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFlu), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFlu), dibenzo[ah]antracene (DBa), benzo[ghi]perylene (Bghi), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene). On the example of monitoring data on the RUDN University campus and the adjacent South-West Forest Park, modern approaches to assessing the hazard of pollution levels and the environmental risk of soil pollution are demonstrated: RQ indicators, total relative toxicity in comparison to BaP, carcinogenic risk, behavior of the representative PAHs. On the basis of a critical analysis of the pollution indicators, the optimal approaches to assessing the danger of the presence of polyarenes in the soils of urban areas are demonstrated. The leading sources of pollution (influence of vehicles) were identified. Different levels of environmental hazard of polyarene soil contamination in different functional zones of the analyzed territory are demonstrated: relatively clear territory in the middle zone of the park and a specific configuration of the pollution field on the rest of the territory. The necessity of developing ecosystem standards for urban natural complexes is justified, taking into account the individual characteristics of soils, the role of soil microbiota, the specificity of the use of the territory and the characteristics of pollution sources.

scholarly journals Integrated Biomarker Response for Environmental Assessment Using the Gastropod Phorcus turbinatus along the Northern and the Northeastern Coasts of Tunisia

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Wafa Boulajfene ◽  
Montassar Lasram ◽  
Sabiha Zouari-Tlig
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Bio Monitoring

This work aims to assess the spatial and temporal variations of four biomarkers activities and to integrate their biological responses in a battery using the gastropod Phorcus turbinatus. The monitoring was carried out during the period between April 2014 and January 2015 at six stations along the northern and the northeastern coasts of Tunisia. The Fulton condition factor was estimated and the activities of catalase, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase were evaluated by spectrophotometry. A multi-biomarker battery approach was used to assess ecosystems’ condition and to identify environmental impacts on the organisms. The results suggest that the enzymatic activities of CAT and GST depend especially on seasons. As for AChE activity, it was similar between seasons and stations. The values of the integrated biological response were maximal at Jarzouna in summer and at Sidi Daoued in winter, indicating the presence of severe stressors suffered by the organisms. This perturbation may be due to the enrichment of the waters by xenobiotics, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides, phosphate wastes, PCBs and pesticides. Thus, P. turbinatus seems to be a good bioindicator of chemical pollution, constituting an adequate tool for a bio-monitoring program.

scholarly journals Metals, n-Alkanes, Hopanes, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Sediments from Three Amazonian Streams Crossing Manaus (Brazil)

Chemistry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacir G. de Melo ◽  
Leonildo G. de Castro ◽  
Laís A. Reis ◽  
Gilcllys de S. Costa ◽  
Felipe M. A. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Total N ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Pollution is increasing in the Amazon region and its real impact is still unclear. Since this region is of great interest to the global community, this study aimed to assess geochemical biomarkers and metals in sediments from three streams crossing Manaus, a Brazilian city of 2.1 million inhabitants located in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. The Mindu and Quarenta streams criss-cross the urban area of Manaus and receive domestic effluents from many heavily populated districts. In addition, the Quarenta stream is subjected to effluents from the industrial district of Manaus. The Tarumã-Açu stream is mostly covered by vegetation, although the region presents some occurrence of family farming, floating petrol station, marinas, and floating restaurants and bars. n-Alkanes were determined by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID), whereas hopanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The metals Ag, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Concentrations of total PAHs and metals were higher in sediments from the urban streams Mindu and Quarenta because of the occurrence of more intense and diverse sources of pollution. In addition, some sediment samples from both these streams presented concentrations of fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and metals higher than the limits of low probability of adverse effects on biota established by the international guideline and by the Brazilian legislation. A similar total n-alkane concentration for sediments from all streams associated with profiles of n-alkanes with no odd/even hydrocarbon predominance suggests that biomass burning is an important source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum-derived products also represented a source for n-alkanes, as confirmed by the presence of α,β-hopanes, including an α,β-homohopane series from C31 to C35 with the presence of both 22S and 22R epimers. This is the first report on n-alkanes, PAHs, and hopanes in sediments from the Mindu, Quarenta, and Tarumã-Açu streams. The concentrations reported herein may be considered as baseline data in future monitoring programs of these streams.

scholarly journals Air synthesis review: polycyclic aromatic compounds in the oil sands region

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Harner ◽  
Cassandra Rauert ◽  
Derek Muir ◽  
Jasmin K. Schuster ◽  
Yu-Mei Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

This air synthesis review presents the current state of knowledge on the sources, fates, and effects for polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and related chemicals released to air in the oil sands region (OSR) in Alberta, Canada. Through the implementation of the Joint Canada–Alberta Oil Sands Monitoring Program in 2012 a vast amount of new information on PACs has been acquired through directed monitoring and research projects and reported to the scientific community and public. This new knowledge addresses questions related to cumulative effects and informs the sustainable management of the oil sands resource while helping to identify gaps in understanding and priorities for future work. As a result of this air synthesis review on PACs, the following topics have been identified as new science priorities: (i) improving emissions reporting to better account for fugitive mining emissions of PACs that includes a broader range of PACs beyond the conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including, inter alia, alkylated-PAHs (alk-PAHs), dibenzothiophene (DBT), alk-DBTs, nitro-PAHs, oxy-PAHs including quinones and thia- and aza-arenes; (ii) improving information on the ambient concentrations, long-range transport, and atmospheric deposition of these broader classes of PACs and their release (with co-contaminants) from different types of mining activities; (iii) further optimizing electricity-free and cost-effective approaches for assessing PAC deposition (e.g., snow sampling, lichens, passive ambient sampling) spatially across the OSR and downwind regions; (iv) designing projects that integrate monitoring efforts with source attribution models and ecosystem health studies to improve understanding of sources, receptors, and effects; (v) further optimizing natural deposition archives (e.g., sediment, peat, tree rings) and advanced forensic techniques (e.g., isotope analysis, marker compounds) to provide better understanding of sources of PACs in the OSR over space and time; (vi) conducting process research to improve model capabilities for simulating atmospheric chemistry of PACs and assessing exposure to wildlife and humans; and (vii) developing tools and integrated strategies for assessing cumulative risk to wildlife and humans by accounting for the toxicity of the mixture of chemicals in air rather than on a single compound basis.

scholarly journals Use of Isotope and Solute Chemistry to Define the Sources of Pollution in Mawqaq Groundwater, Hail, Saudi Arabia

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abdulaziz Al-Sagaby ◽  
Mohamed Ali Moallim
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Solute Chemistry

Groundwater in the area is used for different purposes like domestic, agricultural, industrial and landscaping. More than sixty groundwater samples were collected in an alluvial shallow aquifer in and around Mawqaq Town. The objective was to study groundwater quality and identify the sources of Nitrate (NO3) and bacteriological pollution in groundwater using environmental isotopes (2H, 3H and 18O). The results of the study have revealed the presence of average salinity concentration higher than the permissible limits (500 mg/l) for drinking water. Three groups of water saline boundaries were identified. The presence of high nitrate as nitrogen (NO3-N) was also encountered in the study area. Coliform bacteria have also been identified in some wells. Application of stable isotope has shown the age, origin and the sources of the pollution in the groundwater of Mawqaq area. Appropriate health and municipal authorities of the area have initiated remedial measures and a monitoring program is to be implemented in coordination with these authorities. 

scholarly journals Fractionation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at geochemical barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr P. Khaustov ◽  
◽  
Margarita M. Redina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Geochemical Barriers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Geochemical Markers ◽  
Marker Compounds

The purpose of the study was to identify patterns of fractionation at geochemical barriers (GCB) of associations of marker compounds - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Based on thermodynamic parameters, the throughput of GCB in geochemical systems (GCS) in relation to organic substances at the molecular level is analyzed. PAHs are very informative indicators of the properties of GCB (up to singular surfaces). The processes of migration and selective penetration through GCB of 15 PAHs from the list of priority pollutants recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (widely used in the world EPA list): Naphthalene (Naph), acenaphthene (Ace), Fluorene (Flourene), Phenanthrene (Phen), Anthracene (An), Fluoranthene (Flu), Pyrene (Py), Benzo(a)Anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chr), Benzo(b)Fluoranthene (BbFlu), Benzo(k)fluoranthhene (BkFlu), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(ghi)perylene (Bghi), Dibenzo(a, h) anthracene (DbA), Indeno(1,2-cd)pyrene (Ip). Being geochemical markers, these compounds can accumulate on barriers and selectively penetrate through them, making them especially important objects of study. Despite numerous studies, these mechanisms of mass transfer have not been sufficiently studied. The types of GCB have been identified in terms of their permeability to PAHs. It is shown that the functions of GCB in systems are much more significant and consist not only in the separation of systems from the external environment and the regulation of mass transfer. The above models of migration and accumulation are based on quantitative estimates, which makes the results more reasonable in comparison with the “conceptual” representations of the behavior of substances on GCB in most studies. The most important point - the influence of the medium contact time for establishing a stable state (stability by the migration of compounds) on GCB has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Development of software for zoning of the territory by the degree of damage to vegetation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. Алексеев ◽  
М.О. Гурьянов ◽  
А.И. Герасимова
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Local Pollution ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Необходимость создания программного обеспечения, позволяющего зонировать территорию по степени повреждения древесной растительности. Рассмотрено два типа источников загрязнения точечные (химические, металлургические предприятия и т. д.) и линейные (автомагистрали, ЛЭП и пр.). Методика сбора и обработки эмпирических данных для них является во многом идентичной и зависит от целого ряда факторов, основными из которых являются размер обследуемого объекта, компоненты экосистем, на основании которых оценивается их состояние, масштаб загрязнения и др. При изучении воздействия локальных источников загрязнения одними из оптимальных объектов мониторинга являются древостои, состояние которых оценивается на постоянных и временных пробных площадях, заложенных в насаждениях основных лесообразующих пород на разных расстояниях от источника загрязнения. При рассмотрении линейных источников загрязнения нет необходимости учитывать влияние ветра, вместо этого рассматривается расстояние между пробными площадями вдоль трасс. Исследовались древостои, находящиеся в зоне антропогенной нагрузки, в частности, примыкающие к ОАО ХенкельЭРА Тосненского района и ул. Коммуны СанктПетербурга. Разработана программа, позволяющая оценить пространственное размещение повреждений растительности, выделить зоны сильного, среднего и слабого (общего) повреждения, построить карты зон повреждений и определить площади каждой из зон. Рассмотренная методика и составленный на ее основании программный продукт PlantZoning могут быть использованы при анализе антропогенного воздействия на насаждения с целью определения его пространственной динамики и последующего планирования лесохозяйственных мероприятий, направленных на оценку и ликвидацию причиненного ущерба, а также повышение устойчивости насаждений и их поглотительной способности. The creation of software that allows zoning the territory by the degree of damage to plant vegetation. In the presented article, two types of pollution sources were considered point (chemical, metallurgical enterprises, etc.) and linear (motorways, power lines, etc.). The methodology for collecting and processing empirical data for them is largely identical and depends on a number of factors, the main ones being the size of the surveyed object, the components of ecosystems on the basis of which their state, pollution scale, etc. are assessed. When studying the impact of local pollution sources by one of the optimal objects of monitoring are stands, the state of which is assessed on permanent and temporary trial plots laid in plantations of the main forestforming species on different rai distances from the source. When considering linear sources of pollution, it is not necessary to take into account the influence of the wind, instead the distance between trial plots along the traces is considered. Stands in the zone of anthropogenic load. In particular, adjacent to OJSC HenkelERA Tosnensky district and street Commune of St. Petersburg. A program has been developed that allows to estimate the spatial distribution of vegetation damage, identify zones of strong, medium and weak damage, build maps of damage zones and determine the areas of each of the zones. The considered method and the software product PlantZoning based on it, can be used in the analysis of anthropogenic impact on plantations in order to determine its spatial dynamics and subsequent planning of forest management measures aimed at assessing and eliminating the damage caused, as well as increasing the stability of plantations and their absorptive capacity.

Specificity of optimization of recreational potential Forest park (on the example of the green zone of Saratov)

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
А.В. ТЕРЕШКИН
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
The Road ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Green Zone ◽  
The City

Оптимизация рекреационного потенциала зеленой зоны городских территорий затрагивает эстетику и экологию пространства, логистику потоков отдыхающих на основе продуманной транспортной сети. В разработках планов градостроительства г. Саратова в 30-80-е годы ХХ века зеленым насаждениям отводилось видное место в комплексе города. Зеленые массивы того или иного функционального назначения являются органической частью города, как в границах застройки, так и за ее пределами. Социально-экономические перемены в стране вносили коррективы в использование объектов зеленой зоны в т.ч. лесных массивов и лесопарка «Кумысная поляна». Цель – провести оценку рекреационного потенциала зеленой зоны г. Саратова и разработать пути его оптимизации на примере лесопарка «Кумысная поляна». Выявлен недостаток площадей в пределах зеленой зоны, предназначенных для отдыха. Дана оценка рекреационного потенциала лесопарка «Кумысная поляна» с учетом существующего функционального деления его территории. Получены модели динамики рекреационных нагрузок в функциональных зонах. Рекреационный потенциал территории лесопарка «Кумысная поляна» колеблется от 65% до 84,38% от максимальных значений. Существующее функциональное зонирование не в полной степени гарантирует сохранение коренных типов насаждений и ландшафтов и одновременно не обеспечивает максимальную рекреационную емкость. Выявление специфики оптимизации рекреационной емкости показывает, что изменение границ функциональных зон, проведение работ по благоустройству и расширению дорожно-тропиночной сети даст возможность повысить потенциальную рекреационную емкость до 117,4 тыс. чел. Предложены мероприятия по повышению рекреационной емкости зеленой зоны и ее устойчивости к высоким рекреационным нагрузкам. Рекомендовано проводить санитарные и ландшафтные рубки древостоя, развивать сеть пешеходных дорожек, велодорог, повышать уровень благоустройства территории, используя методы  и приемы ландшафтного  проектирования и внести изменения в функциональное зонирование территории лесопарка «Кумысная поляна». Обоснованность и достоверность результатов исследований обеспечена и подвержена комплексными исследованиями с применением компьютерной обработки полученных данных. Optimization of the recreational potential of the green zone of urban areas affects the aesthetics and ecology of space, the logistics of holiday flows on the basis of a well-thought-out transport network. In the development of urban planning plans in Saratov in the 30-80-ies of the twentieth century, green spaces were given a prominent place in the city's complex. Green massifs of a particular functional purpose are an organic part of the city, both within the boundaries of the building and beyond. Socio-economic changes in the country were making adjustments to the use of green area objects, incl. forests and forest park "Kumysnaya Polyana". The aim is to assess the recreational potential of the green zone of Saratov and to develop ways to optimize it using the example of the forest park Kumysnaya Polyana. A lack of areas within the green zone intended for recreation has been identified. The estimation of recreational potential of forest park "Kumysnaya Polyana" is given taking into account the existing functional division of its territory. Models of the dynamics of recreational loads in functional zones are obtained. The recreation potential of the territory of the forest park "Kumysnaya Polyana" ranges from 65% to 84.38% of the maximum values. The existing functional zoning does not fully guarantee the preservation of indigenous types of plantations and landscapes and at the same time does not provide the maximum recreational capacity. Revealing the specificity of optimization of recreational capacity shows that changing the boundaries of functional zones, carrying out works on improvement and expansion of the road-tropic network will enable to increase the potential recreational capacity to 117.4 thousand people. Measures are proposed to increase the recreational capacity of the green zone and its resistance to high recreational loads. It is recommended to carry out sanitary and landscape cutting of the tree stand, develop a network of footpaths, bicycles, improve the level of landscaping, using methods and techniques of landscape design and make changes in the functional zoning of the forest park Kumysnaya Polyana. The validity and reliability of the research results is provided and subject to comprehensive research using computer processing of the data obtained.

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