Prevalence, Epidemiology, Etiology, and Sensitivity of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Oncological Treatment: A Multicenter Nationwide Study

OBJECTIVEIntracerebral metastases in neuroblastoma patients are rare, and information about the indication for and the outcome of neurosurgical procedures in this setting is scarce in the literature. The authors’ aim in the present study was to report a single-center experience with the neurosurgical treatment of intracerebral metastases in neuroblastoma.METHODSThis study is a retrospective single-center analysis of all neurosurgical strategies used in the treatment of intracerebral metastases in neuroblastoma patients.RESULTSBetween 2009 and 2017, 237 pediatric patients (94 girls, 143 boys) with a mean age of 39 months at diagnosis were treated for neuroblastoma. Five (2.1%) of the 237 patients had a neurosurgical procedure for intracerebral metastases. The metastases occurred a mean of 46 months after initial diagnosis. All of these patients had neuroblastoma stage 4. Indications for surgery were recurrent metastases after initial successful oncological treatment or progression of the metastasis under oncological treatment as well as deterioration of neurological function. Intraoperatively, the tumor usually had a distinguishable dissection plane but was infiltrative to adjacent nerves in some spots. Mean overall survival after the neurosurgical procedure was 22 months. Furthermore, in another 3 patients, a neurosurgical procedure was done for an intracranial but extracerebral metastasis.CONCLUSIONSNeurosurgical procedures for intracerebral metastases in neuroblastoma patients are rare and were performed in 2.1% of patients in the present study. Intracerebral metastases occurred during disease progression, and the prognosis after surgery was very limited. The main indications for surgery were rapid neurological deterioration or recurrence of the metastasis after initial successful oncological treatment. Intraoperatively, the metastases usually had a distinguishable dissection plane from the normal brain tissue.

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Ceftazidime as initial therapy for suspected bacterial infections in hospitalized pediatric patients.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.26.3.318 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 318-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M D Reed ◽

C A O'Brien ◽

S C Aronoff ◽

J D Klinger ◽

J L Blumer

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Initial Therapy

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The diagnostic value of apolipoprotein E in pediatric patients with invasive bacterial infections

Clinical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.11.009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 215-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chuanqing Wang ◽

Yi Wang ◽

Aimin Wang ◽

Pan Fu ◽

Yi Yang

Keyword(s):

Apolipoprotein E ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Diagnostic Value

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Unreliability of Radiographic Diagnosis of Septic Hip in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.74.1.118 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 118-120

Author(s):

Frank M. Volberg ◽

Thomas E. Sumner ◽

Jon S. Abramson ◽

Patricia H. Winchester

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Radiographic Diagnosis ◽

Joint Aspiration ◽

Lateral Subluxation

The radiographs of 19 pediatric patients with aspiration-proven bacterial infections of the hip were analyzed. The hip radiograph was abnormal in all neonates showing lateral subluxation. The radiograph was negative in eight of ten children more than 1 year of age. It is emphasized that children with suspected septic hip require immediate joint aspiration regardless of radiographic findings.

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Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin as a biomarker of neuroinflammatory diseases

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75500-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Molero-Luis ◽

Didac Casas-Alba ◽

Gabriela Orellana ◽

Aida Ormazabal ◽

Cristina Sierra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Csf Biomarkers ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Respiratory Pathogens

Abstract The elevation of neopterin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been reported in several neuroinflammatory disorders. However, it is not expected that neopterin alone can discriminate among different neuroinflammatory etiologies. We conducted an observational retrospective and case–control study to analyze the CSF biomarkers neopterin, total proteins, and leukocytes in a large cohort of pediatric patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. CSF samples from 277 subjects were included and classified into four groups: Viral meningoencephalitis, bacterial meningitis, acquired immune-mediated disorders, and patients with no-immune diseases (control group). CSF neopterin was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Microbiological diagnosis included bacterial CSF cultures and several specific real-time polymerase chain reactions. Molecular testing for multiple respiratory pathogens was also included. Antibodies against neuronal and glial proteins were tested. Canonical discriminant analysis of the three biomarkers was conducted to establish the best discriminant functions for the classification of the different clinical groups. Model validation was done by biomarker analyses in a new cohort of 95 pediatric patients. CSF neopterin displayed the highest values in the viral and bacterial infection groups. By applying canonical discriminant analysis, it was possible to classify the patients into the different groups. Validation analyses displayed good results for neuropediatric patients with no-immune diseases and for viral meningitis patients, followed by the other groups. This study provides initial evidence of a more efficient approach to promote the timely classification of patients with viral and bacterial infections and acquired autoimmune disorders. Through canonical equations, we have validated a new tool that aids in the early and differential diagnosis of these neuroinflammatory conditions.

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Vancomycin Dosage and Its Association with Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy ◽

10.2147/rmhp.s244836 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 13 ◽

pp. 685-695

Author(s):

Sooyoung Shin ◽

Hyun Joo Jung ◽

Sang-Min Jeon ◽

Young-Joon Park ◽

Jung-Woo Chae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Vancomycin Dosage

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Bacterial infections in pediatric patients during early post liver transplant period: A prospective study in Iran

Transplant Infectious Disease ◽

10.1111/tid.13001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. e13001 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gholamreza Pouladfar ◽

Zahra Jafarpour ◽

Seyed Ali Malek Hosseini ◽

Mohammad Firoozifar ◽

Razieh Rasekh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Liver Transplant ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

A Prospective Study

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Blood leukocyte microarrays to diagnose systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and follow the response to IL-1 blockade

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.20070070 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 204 (9) ◽

pp. 2131-2144 ◽

Cited By ~ 159

Author(s):

Florence Allantaz ◽

Damien Chaussabel ◽

Dorothee Stichweh ◽

Lynda Bennett ◽

Windy Allman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Initiation Of Therapy ◽

Systemic Onset

Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) represents up to 20% of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We recently reported that interleukin (IL) 1 is an important mediator of this disease and that IL-1 blockade induces clinical remission. However, lack of specificity of the initial systemic manifestations leads to delays in diagnosis and initiation of therapy. To develop a specific diagnostic test, we analyzed leukocyte gene expression profiles of 44 pediatric SoJIA patients, 94 pediatric patients with acute viral and bacterial infections, 38 pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 6 patients with PAPA syndrome, and 39 healthy children. Statistical group comparison and class prediction identified genes differentially expressed in SoJIA patients compared with healthy children. These genes, however, were also changed in patients with acute infections and SLE. An analysis of significance across all diagnostic groups identified 88 SoJIA-specific genes, 12 of which accurately classified an independent set of SoJIA patients with systemic disease. Transcripts that changed significantly in patients undergoing IL-1 blockade were also identified. Thus, leukocyte transcriptional signatures can be used to distinguish SoJIA from other febrile illnesses and to assess response to therapy. Availability of early diagnostic markers may allow prompt initiation of therapy and prevention of disabilities.

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The incidence of rotavirus infection compared to bacterial infections in different age groups of pediatric patients with gastroenteritis

Sanitarno inženirstvo International Journal of Sanitary Engineering Research ◽

10.2478/ijser-2019-0005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 39-52

Author(s):

Tatjana Babić ◽

Biljana Miljković-Selimović ◽

Dobrila Đorđević-Stanković ◽

Branislava Kocić ◽

Miloš Ranđelović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Age Groups ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

Diarrheal Diseases ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Identification Of Bacteria ◽

One Year ◽

The Town

AbstractRotavirus is the important cause of acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. The aim of the present research was to determine the incidence of rotavirus infections in infants and children up to seven years of age in the town of Niš. Seasonal prevalence of rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis was also evaluated. An enzyme immunoassay (RIDASCREEN® Rotavirus; R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany) was used to detect rotavirus in the stool specimens of 1,156 patients (newborns up to 7 years of age) presenting with gastroenteritis. Identification of bacteria and yeasts was performed by classical methods. The overall incidence of rotavirus in examined children was 5.97%. Among 144 hospitalized children, rotavirus infection was diagnosed in 28 (19.44%). In 1,012 children treated in outpatient setting for diarrheal diseases, rotaviruses were found in 41 (4.05%). The highest incidence of rotavirus infection was among the patients of one year of age. Among 1,156 pediatric children tested, bacterial pathogens were found in 6.31% and the most frequently isolated pathogens were Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella enteritidis. The highest prevalence of GE was recorded in the colder season, peaking in April (15.94%). Rotaviruses are an important factor in the etiology of the acute diarrheal diseases, especially in children hospitalized during the winter/spring season.

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Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.5863/1551-6776-22.1.77 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 77-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristen Nichols ◽

Sylvia Stoffella ◽

Rachel Meyers ◽

Jennifer Girotto ◽

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Task Force ◽

Position Statement ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Increased Risk

The frequent use of antimicrobials in pediatric patients has led to a significant increase in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections among children. Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been created in many hospitals in an effort to curtail and optimize the use of antibiotics. Pediatric-focused programs are necessary because of the differences in antimicrobial need and use among this patient population, unique considerations and dosing, vulnerability for resistance due to a lifetime of antibiotic exposure, and the increased risk of adverse events. This paper serves as a position statement of the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) who supports the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs for all pediatric patients. PPAG also believes that a pediatric pharmacy specialist should be included as part of that program and that services be covered by managed care organizations and government insurance entities. PPAG also recommends that states create legislation similar to that in existence in California and Missouri and that a federal Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria be permanently established. PPAG also supports post-doctoral pharmacy training programs in antibiotic stewardship.

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