Improvement of iron nutrition in developing countries: comparison of adding meat, soy protein, ascorbic acid, citric acid, and ferrous sulphate on iron absorption from a simple Latin American-type of meal

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hallberg ◽  
L Rossander
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Iron Nutrition

The Potential of Increased Meat Intake to Improve Iron Nutrition in Rural Kenyan Schoolchildren

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grillenberger ◽  
Murphy ◽  
Neumann ◽  
Bwibo ◽  
Verhoef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Projected Changes

Schoolchildren in developing countries often have inadequate intakes of iron, due primarily to poor bioavailability. Increasing meat in the diet could improve both the amount of iron consumed and its availability. The effect of increases in intakes of meat and ascorbic acid on absorbed iron was investigated by theoretically modifying the habitual diet of rural Kenyan schoolchildren. The projected changes in the amount of absorbed iron and prevalence of inadequate iron intakes were calculated for 78 children (6–9 years of age). The prevalence of inadequate iron intakes decreased from 77% to 54% through the theoretical addition of 50 g beef or 100 mg ascorbic acid and to 23% through the addition of both to dinner each day. To reduce the prevalence of inadequate iron intake to 5%, the addition of 100 g meat plus 150 mg ascorbic acid would be necessary. The combined addition of meat and ascorbic acid to a meal has the potential to reduce the projected prevalence of inadequate iron intakes among these schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Iron absorption from rice meals cooked with fortified salt containing ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Sayers ◽  
S. R. Lynch ◽  
R. W. Charlton ◽  
T. H. Bothwell ◽  
R. B. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

1. Iron absorption from rice-containing meals was measured by red cell utilization of radioactive Fe in sixty-six volunteer multiparous Indian women.2. In all the studies salt added during the cooking process was used as the carrier for supplemental inorganic Fe and ascorbic acid.3. Intrinsic Fe in the rice and supplementary inorganic Fe were absorbed to the same extent, with a wide range of absorption values.4. There was a striking difference between the mean absorption of a 3 mg dose of ferrous Fe given to fasting subjects in a solution containing 30 mg ascorbic acid and that of Fe in a rice meal (48.7 and 3.5% respectively).5. When ascorbic acid was added during cooking there was a threefold increase in the absorption of both intrinsic Fe and supplementary Fe when a sufficient quantity (60 mg) was present.6. It is concluded that the Fe nutrition of rice-eating communities could be improved significantly by the addition of ascorbic acid to the diet.

scholarly journals Iron absorption from a malted cocoa drink fortified with ferric orthophosphate using the stable isotope 58Fe as an extrinsic label

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait ◽  
Margaret J. Minski ◽  
D. P. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fasting Condition ◽  
Potential Use

1. The potential use of an extrinsic label to measure iron absorption from a ferric orthophosphate-fortified malted cocoa drink was examined by measuring the solubility of the FePO4 in 0·1 M-hydrochloric acid.2. The validity of using the stable isotope 58Fe as an extrinsic label was tested by comparing Fe absorption by rats from wheat flour extrinsically-labelled with 58Fe or 59Fe.3. Fe absorption from a malted cocoa drink (20 g powder made up with hot water) fortified with FePO4 (0·5 mg Fe/g powder) was measured in human subjects using 58Fe as an extrinsic label. Absorption was calculated by measuring unabsorbed 58Fe in faeces. Absorptions of Fe from the drink fortified with either FePO4 or ferrous sulphate were compared. The effect of the addition of ascorbic acid to the drink (1 mg/g powder) on Fe availability was also examined.4. The effect of fasting on Fe absorption from the drink was determined in rats by giving the drink to fasting animals or shortly after they had consumed a small meal.5. The FePO4 was totally soluble in 0·1 M-HCl and there were no differences in absorption between 58Fe- and 59Fe-labelled wheat flour. In the human experiment the proportion of Fe absorbed from the drink plus FePO4 and ascorbic acid was (mean with SE) 0·25 (0·02), from the drink plus FePO4 0·24 (0·02) and from the drink plus FeSO4 0·23 (0·03). Fasting had a significant effect on Fe availability; rats given the drink shortly after a small meal absorbed less than half as much Fe as those given the drink on a fasted stomach.6. It was concluded that the FePO4 used to fortify the malted cocoa drink was as well absorbed as FeSO4 but that the high levels of absorption were a reflection of the fasting condition of the subjects. The level of ascorbic acid was not great enough to enhance the availability of the FePO4 any further.

Review: Effect of Some Components of Milk- and Soy-Based Infant Formulas on Mineral Bioavailability

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jovaní ◽  
R. Barberá ◽  
R. Farré
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Negative Effect

Infants’ high nutritional needs are fulfilled by mother’s milk or infant formulas to provide all the necessary nutrients, among them minerals. Minerals uptake depends not only on mineral content but also on their bioavailability which, in turn, is affected by the different components of the infant formulas. An understanding of these effects would help to improve mineral bioavailability. This work reviews the influence of endogenous (proteins and phytates) and added (ascorbic and citric acid) components in infant formulas on the bioavailability of nutritionally important mineral elements (calcium, zinc, iron and copper) and their interactions. Special attention is given to the influence of protein, which is positive for calcium and negative for iron absorption. The marked negative effect of phytates on iron and zinc absorption can be counteracted by a dephytinization process. Of the added compounds, ascorbic acid has a positive effect on iron absorption that depends on the molar ratio between ascorbic acid and iron. In fact, adding ascorbic acid can counteract the negative effect of phytic acid on iron absorption but does not alter the effect of phytic acid on zinc absorption. The null effect of an increase in citric acid content can be ascribed to the fact that the citrate contents of infant formulas are already high. One of the most important element interactions is the negative effect of calcium on zinc and iron intestinal absorption and also the interaction between zinc and iron. These interactions deserve our attention because these minerals are essential to infants’ growth and development.

Studies on the fortification of cane sugar with iron and ascorbic acid

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Disler ◽  
S. R. Lynch ◽  
R. W. Charlton ◽  
T. H. Bothwell ◽  
R. B. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Storage Properties

1. The feasibility of improving iron nutrition by fortifying cane sugar with Fe and ascorbic acid was studied.2. It was found to be possible to add a number of Fe salts together with ascorbic acid to sugar without affecting its appearance or storage properties.3. The absorption of Fe from fortified sugar eaten with maize-meal porridge or made into jam or biscuits was measured in ninety-four volunteer multiparous Indian women using the59Fe erythrocyte utilization method.4. The absorption of Fe from sugar fortified with ascorbic acid and ferrous sulphate and eaten with maize-meal porridge was increased about twofold if the ratio, ascorbic acid: Fe was 10:1 by weight. If the ratio was increased to 20:1, Fe absorption was increased a further threefold.5. Sugar fortified with soluble Fe salts, including FeSO4. 7H2O, discoloured both tea and coffee; sugar fortified with ferric orthophosphate did not have this effect.6. Fe from FePO4. H2O was poorly absorbed when added with sugar to maize-meal porridge, and also when added with adequate quantities of ascorbic acid. This form of Fe was absorbed much less well than was the intrinsic Fe present in the maize.7. When sugar fortified with FePO4.H2O and ascorbic acid was added to maize-meal porridge before cooking or was made into jam there was a several-fold increase in the amount of Fe absorbed.

scholarly journals Optimizing iron absorption to achieve iron adequacy for children’s growth and development

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Widjaja Lukito
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Nutrition ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Clinical Form

Iron nutrition plays important roles in human health. In many developing countries, iron deficiency, caused by many factors, prevails. One well-documented clinical form of iron deficiency is iron-deficiency anemia (IDA).

Modernization of the water utility company of Bogotá (Colombia): an example of public and private participation for solving management problems of water companies in developing countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
F. Zuleta ◽  
A. Merlano ◽  
A. Alvarez ◽  
M. Montoya ◽  
E. Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
Private Participation ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Water Companies

A common characteristic of water utility and wastewater companies in developing countries is management problems and limited commercial vocation. In the biggest Latin American cities there is a level of infrastructure enough for providing a substantially better service than the one currently supplied to their badly served customers. For years decisions have moved between two extremes: public management – usually corrupted with playing politics and inefficiency problems, and privatization – sharply criticized by many, and which has shown tendencies to inequality that leave it far away from earning panacea status. This paper is intended to expose the advantages of a novel model in which a state-run company with commercial management problems, the EAAB, solves its limitations by keeping the ownership of its assets and successfully incorporating the participation of better practices from other specialized operators, one of which is a state-owned player, EEPPM. This scheme demonstrates how the service indicators of a system serving eight million inhabitants in the Colombian capital improved significantly with state-owned assets and private participation, without giving in to privatization pressures or stagnating in the usual inefficiency typical of public management in developing countries. This is proposed as a replicable experience that can be used in medium and large cities in other countries with similar management problems, with certain adjustments to fit the solution to the specific cases. This is also a practical case for conducting a comparison of competitiveness within a city, of interest for regulatory entities and investigators on the potential of comparative efficiency in a traditionally monopolistic industry.

scholarly journals Vitamin C—Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Martin Doseděl ◽  
Eduard Jirkovský ◽  
Kateřina Macáková ◽  
Lenka Krčmová ◽  
Lenka Javorská ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence—scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review.

Maturation, iron deficiency, and ligands in enteric radioiron transport in vitro

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ruliffson ◽  
J. M. Hopping
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Anaerobic Incubation ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Everted Gut Sac

The effects in rats, of age, iron-deficiency anemia, and ascorbic acid, citrate, fluoride, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on enteric radioiron transport were studied in vitro by an everted gut-sac technique. Sacs from young animals transported more than those from older ones. Proximal jejunal sacs from anemic animals transported more than similar sacs from nonanemic rats, but the reverse effect appeared in sacs formed from proximal duodenum. When added to media containing ascorbic acid or citrate, fluoride depressed transport as did anaerobic incubation in the presence of ascorbic acid. Anaerobic incubation in the presence of EDTA appeared to permit elevated transport. Ascorbic acid, citrate, and EDTA all enhanced the level of Fe59 appearing in serosal media. These results appear to agree with previously established in vivo phenomena and tend to validate the in vitro method as one of promise for further studies of factors affecting iron absorption and of the mechanism of iron absorption.

Gastrectomy and Iron Absorption: Effects of Bleeding, Iron Loading and Ascorbic Acid in Rats.

1967 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Rieber ◽  
M. E. Conrad ◽  
W. H. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Iron Loading
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