scholarly journals Extracts from cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens induce defensive patterns of gene expression and enzyme activity while depressing visible injury and reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana challenged with pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Martin-Rivilla ◽  
A Garcia-Villaraco ◽  
B Ramos-Solano ◽  
F J Gutierrez-Mañero ◽  
J A Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging

Abstract We evaluated the ability of metabolic elicitors extracted from Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. Metabolic elicitors were obtained from bacteria-free culture medium with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in three consecutive extractions. Each extract showed plant protection activity. The n-hexane fraction was the most effective and was used to study the signal transduction pathways involved by evaluating expression of marker genes of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway (NPR1, PR1, ICS and PR2) and the jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signalling pathway (PDF1, MYC2, LOX2 and PR3). In addition, the level of oxidative stress was tested by determining the activity of enzymes related to the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. N-hexane extracts stimulated both pathways based on overexpression of ICS, PR1, PR2, PDF1 and LOX2 genes. In addition, activity of the pathogenesis-related proteins glucanase (PR2) and chitinase (PR3), lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase was enhanced together with an increased capacity to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS). This was associated with less oxidative stress as indicated by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), suggesting a causative link between defensive metabolism against P. syringae and ROS scavenging.

Relationship between metabolism of reactive oxygen species and chemically induced male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Song Ba ◽  
Gai Sheng Zhang ◽  
Jun Sheng Wang ◽  
Hui Xue Che ◽  
Hong Zhan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Chemically Induced

Ba, Q. S., Zhang, G. S., Wang, J. S., Che, H. X., Liu, H. Z., Niu, N., Ma, S. C. and Wang, J. W. 2013. Relationship between metabolism of reactive oxygen species and chemically induced male sterility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 675–681. Chemically induced male sterility (CIMS) systems in wheat are among the male sterility types used for hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in China. Some studies suggested that male sterile line Xi'nong 1376-CIMS induced by chemical hybridizing agents (CHA) may suffer from oxidative stress as its cyanide-resistant respiration is lower than that of Xi'nong1376. To elucidate the metabolic mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CIMS anthers, the metabolism changes in the production and scavenging of ROS and gene expression related to ROS-scavenging enzymes were investigated in the anther of Xi'nong 1376-CIMS and Xi'nong1376.Anthers of Xi'nong 1376-CIMS had higher contents of [Formula: see text] and H2O2 than those of 1376, which corresponds to expression level of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) gene, and has higher contents of malondialdehyde compared with 1376. Simultaneously, there were lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascrodate peroxidase (APX) in scavenging ROS in the anthers of the Xi'nong 1376-CIMS line than in Xi'nong1376. Meanwhile, the expressions of SOD, POD, CAT and APX genes in 1376 were always higher at different levels than those in the Xi'nong 1376-CIMS line except for POD in stage 1. Therefore, it is possible that the sterility in Xi'nong 1376-CIMS is related to the abortion of microspores induced by chronic oxidative stress caused by an abnormal increase in ROS.

Early accumulation of non-enzymatically synthesised oxylipins in Arabidopsis thaliana after infection with Pseudomonas syringae

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Grun ◽  
Susanne Berger ◽  
Daniel Matthes ◽  
Martin J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acids ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Oxygen Species

The formation of non-enzymatic oxylipins is catalysed by reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are produced in response to pathogen attack. In this study, the accumulation of non-enzymatically formed hydroxy fatty acids and F1-phytoprostanes in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyhn upon infection with Pseudomonas syringae was investigated and compared with the accumulation of the enzymatically formed oxylipins jasmonic acid and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. Levels of all oxylipins increased after infection with a virulent and with an avirulent strain of P. syringae. Inoculation of the avirulent strain resulted in a biphasic accumulation with a first maximum around 5 h which was missing after inoculation of the virulent strain. Levels of free and esterified hydroxy fatty acids and F1-phytoprostanes increased after pathogen treatment; however, esterified compounds were 30 times more abundant than free oxylipins. The increase of the free compounds occurred later than the increase of the esterified compounds suggesting that non-enzymatic lipid oxidation occurs predominantly in membranes from which oxidised lipids can be released.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Antioxidant and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity of Methanolic Extract ofCaesalpinia cristaLeaf

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Mandal ◽  
Bibhabasu Hazra ◽  
Rhitajit Sarkar ◽  
Santanu Biswas ◽  
Nripendranath Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

“Oxidative stress” is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible for majority of the diseases. However, antioxidants with ROS scavenging ability may have great relevance in the prevention of oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken, using a 70% methanolic extract ofCaesalpinia cristaleaves, to examine differentin vitrotests in diversified fields including total antioxidant activity, scavenging activities for various ROS, iron chelating activity and phenolic and flavonoid contents. Total antioxidant activity was evaluated as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity value of 0.546 ± 0.014. The extract was investigated for different ROS scavenging activities and IC50values were found to be 0.44 ± 0.1 mg/ml, 24.9 ± 0.98 μg/ml, 33.72 ± 0.85 μg/ml, 61.13 ± 3.24 μg/mL and 170.51 ± 4.68 μg/mL for hydroxyl, superoxide, nitric oxide, singlet oxygen and hypochlorous acid, respectively; however, no significant results were obtained in scavenging of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite anion. The extract was found to be a potent iron chelator with IC50= 279.85 ± 4.72 μg/mL. The plant extract (100 mg) yielded 50.23 ± 0.003 mg/mL gallic acid equivalent phenolic content and 106.83 ± 0.0003 mg/mL quercetin equivalent flavonoid content. In thein vivoexperiments, the extract treatment showed significant increase in the level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and reduced glutathione. In a word, it may be concluded that 70% methanol extract ofC. cristaleaves acts as an antioxidant and ROS scavenger; which may be due to the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.

scholarly journals Response of ROS-Scavenging Systems to Salinity Stress in Two Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezatollah ESFANDIARI ◽  
Gholamreza GOHARI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Salinity leads to oxidative stress in plant cells due to increased production of reactive oxygen species. The response of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, salt sensitive (‘Darab2’) and salt-tolerant (‘Arta’) were studied to salinity-induced oxidative stress (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl). Increasing of lipid peroxidation caused oxidative stress in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars. The result showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) viz., superoxide and hydrogen peroxide increased in leaves of ‘Darab2’ under salinity stress. Under salinity stress, the salt-tolerant cv. ‘Arta’ showed higher activity of the ROS scavenging enzymes like ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidases than ‘Darab2’. Furthermore, in sensitive cv. ‘Darab2’ the activities of these enzymes in leaves were unable to prevent the scavenging of H2O2. Unlike ‘Arta’, there were no significant differences in superoxide dismutases and glutathione reductase activities in sensitive cv. ‘Darab2’ under salinity stress. The amount of reduced glutathione, reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in leaves of ‘Darab2’ was lower than ‘Arta’ under saline conditions. It seems that in salt tolerant cultivars like ‘Arta’, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging machineries is critical point to overcome salinity-induced oxidative stress.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

scholarly journals 4-Hydroxychalcone Induces Cell Death via Oxidative Stress in MYCN-Amplified Human Neuroblastoma Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnah M. Alshangiti ◽  
Eszter Tuboly ◽  
Shane V. Hegarty ◽  
Cathal M. McCarthy ◽  
Aideen M. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that arises from cells of sympathoadrenal lineage during the development of the nervous system. It is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor and is responsible for 15% of childhood deaths from cancer. Fifty percent of cases are diagnosed as high-risk metastatic disease with a low overall 5-year survival rate. More than half of patients experience disease recurrence that can be refractory to treatment. Amplification of the MYCN gene is an important prognostic indicator that is associated with rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on identifying anticancer properties of naturally occurring chalcones, which are secondary metabolites with variable phenolic structures. Here, we report that 4-hydroxychalcone is a potent cytotoxin for MYCN-amplified IMR-32 and SK-N-BE (2) neuroblastoma cells, when compared to non-MYCN-amplified SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and to the non-neuroblastoma human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK293t. Moreover, 4-hydroxychalcone treatment significantly decreased cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione and increased cellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, 4-hydroxychalcone treatment led to impairments in mitochondrial respiratory function, compared to controls. In support of this, the cytotoxic effect of 4-hydroxychalcone was prevented by co-treatment with either the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a pharmacological inhibitor of oxidative stress-induced cell death (IM-54) or the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenger, Mito-TEMPO. When combined with the anticancer drugs cisplatin or doxorubicin, 4-hydroxychalcone led to greater reductions in cell viability than was induced by either anti-cancer agent alone. In summary, this study identifies a cytotoxic effect of 4-hydroxychalcone in MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cells, which rationalizes its further study in the development of new therapies for pediatric neuroblastoma.

scholarly journals Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species both affect reproductive success in male and female Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biz R. Turnell ◽  
Luisa Kumpitsch ◽  
Klaus Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Male And Female

AbstractSperm aging is accelerated by the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. Aging can be slowed by limiting the production of mitochondrial ROS and by increasing the production of antioxidants, both of which can be generated in the sperm cell itself or in the surrounding somatic tissues of the male and female reproductive tracts. However, few studies have compared the separate contributions of ROS production and ROS scavenging to sperm aging, or to cellular aging in general. We measured reproductive fitness in two lines of Drosophila melanogaster genetically engineered to (1) produce fewer ROS via expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), an alternative respiratory pathway; or (2) scavenge fewer ROS due to a loss-of-function mutation in the antioxidant gene dj-1β. Wild-type females mated to AOX males had increased fecundity and longer fertility durations, consistent with slower aging in AOX sperm. Contrary to expectations, fitness was not reduced in wild-type females mated to dj-1β males. Fecundity and fertility duration were increased in AOX and decreased in dj-1β females, indicating that female ROS levels may affect aging rates in stored sperm and/or eggs. Finally, we found evidence that accelerated aging in dj-1β sperm may have selected for more frequent mating. Our results help to clarify the relative roles of ROS production and ROS scavenging in the male and female reproductive systems.

scholarly journals Somatic production of reactive oxygen species does not predict its production in sperm cells across Drosophila melanogaster lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biz R. Turnell ◽  
Luisa Kumpitsch ◽  
Anne-Cécile Ribou ◽  
Klaus Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Transport Chain

Abstract Objective Sperm ageing has major evolutionary implications but has received comparatively little attention. Ageing in sperm and other cells is driven largely by oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the mitochondria. Rates of organismal ageing differ across species and are theorized to be linked to somatic ROS levels. However, it is unknown whether sperm ageing rates are correlated with organismal ageing rates. Here, we investigate this question by comparing sperm ROS production in four lines of Drosophila melanogaster that have previously been shown to differ in somatic mitochondrial ROS production, including two commonly used wild-type lines and two lines with genetic modifications standardly used in ageing research. Results Somatic ROS production was previously shown to be lower in wild-type Oregon-R than in wild-type Dahomey flies; decreased by the expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), a protein that shortens the electron transport chain; and increased by a loss-of-function mutation in dj-1β, a gene involved in ROS scavenging. Contrary to predictions, we found no differences among these four lines in the rate of sperm ROS production. We discuss the implications of our results, the limitations of our study, and possible directions for future research.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Gintonin on Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced HT22 Cell Damages: Involvement of LPA1 Receptor-BDNF-AKT Signaling Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4138
Author(s):  
Yeon-Jin Cho ◽  
Sun-Hye Choi ◽  
Ra-Mi Lee ◽  
Han-Sung Cho ◽  
Hyewhon Rhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Lpa1 Receptor

Gintonin is a kind of ginseng-derived glycolipoprotein that acts as an exogenous LPA receptor ligand. Gintonin has in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects; however, little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection. In the present study, we aimed to clarify how gintonin attenuates iodoacetic acid (IAA)-induced oxidative stress. The mouse hippocampal cell line HT22 was used. Gintonin treatment significantly attenuated IAA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, ATP depletion, and cell death. However, treatment with Ki16425, an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, suppressed the neuroprotective effects of gintonin. Gintonin elicited [Ca2⁺]i transients in HT22 cells. Gintonin-mediated [Ca2⁺]i transients through the LPA1 receptor-PLC-IP3 signaling pathway were coupled to increase both the expression and release of BDNF. The released BDNF activated the TrkB receptor. Induction of TrkB phosphorylation was further linked to Akt activation. Phosphorylated Akt reduced IAA-induced oxidative stress and increased cell survival. Our results indicate that gintonin attenuated IAA-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells by activating the LPA1 receptor-BDNF-TrkB-Akt signaling pathway. One of the gintonin-mediated neuroprotective effects may be achieved via anti-oxidative stress in nervous systems.

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