scholarly journals A-054 Deficit in Custained Attention in Children Born with Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-844
Author(s):  
Mirzajonova E ◽  
Kiselev S
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Response Set ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control ◽  
Executive Abilities

Abstract Objective There are evidences that children, born with Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE), have a delay in the development of neurocognitive functions, specifically they have a deficit in executive abilities. Do they have global or specific deficit in executive abilities? The goal of this research was to examine the hypothesis that children, born with HIE, have a deficit in sustained attention. Methods The experimental group included 20 children aged 5-6 years (mean age = 5.7). They were born full-term with perinatal Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy. The control group included 20 typically developing children. The children from experimental and control group were matched for gender and age. Children from both groups were assessed with 4 subtests from NEPSY (Tower, Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue) which are designed to assess the executive abilities in children. Results One-way ANOVA has revealed group differences (p < .05) in two subtests from NEPSY. Children with perinatal HIE have shown the weaknesses in performing Auditory Attention and Response Set and Visual Attention subtest. We did not reveal the significant differences (p < .05) in performing Tower and Statue subtest. Conclusion In view of the obtained results it can be assumed that the Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy has a specific (not global) negative effect on the development of executive abilities, particularly children with perinatal HIE have a deficit in sustained attention at the age of 5-6 years.

scholarly journals A-154 Children with Hyperactive–Impulsive Disorder Benefit from Yoga Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-948
Author(s):  
Mirzajonova E ◽  
Kiselev S
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Response Set ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Executive Abilities

Abstract Objective It is known that children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder have deficit in executive abilities. The gaol of this study was to reveal effect of yoga training on executive abilities in 8–9 years of age children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder. We compared the efficacy of two methods of training (yoga training vs. conventional motor exercises) in a randomized controlled pilot study. Methods 18 children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder at the age of 8–9 years were included and randomly assigned to treatment conditions according to a 2 × 2 crossover design. Children from intervention group participated in 12 weeks of yoga training that included body-oriented activity and breathing exercises. To assess the executive functions we used 3 subtests from NEPSY (Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue). Effects of training were analyzed by means of an ANOVA for repeated measurements. Results The ANOVA has revealed (p < .05) that for all used subtests (Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue) the yoga training was superior to the conventional motor training, with effect sizes in the medium-to-high range (0.43–0.88). Conclusions The findings from this pilot study suggest that yoga training have positive effect on executive abilities in children with hyperactive–impulsive disorder. It influences predominantly the selective and sustained attention, inhibition, monitoring, and self-regulation. However, it is necessary to do further research into the impact of yoga exercises on the prevention and treatment of hyperactive–impulsive disorder in children.

scholarly journals Effects of age at first access to range area on pecking behaviour and plumage quality of free-range layer chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Petek ◽  
E. Topal ◽  
E. Cavusoglu
Keyword(s):  
Body Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feather Pecking ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Commercial Company ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Layer Chickens ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of age on pecking behaviour and plumage quality of free-range laying hens during first access to range. Six hundred 16-week-old layer pullets obtained from a commercial company were housed in a experimental free-range house. The experimental house consisted of a slat-and-litter floor with range area and was divided into three similar pens. The pullets were randomly assigned to a control and two experimental groups according to age at first access to range area. The birds were allowed into the range area for the first time at 18, 20 and 22 weeks of age in the groups of treatment I, treatment II and control, respectively. Pecking behaviour and plumage quality of the birds were measured for 8-week intervals from 24 to 48 weeks of age. Total feather damage significantly increased with age in all groups (P < 0.040, P < 0.006, P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, birds allowed into the range area earlier had less feather damage. The feather score of the tail body region in all groups was significantly greater (more damage) than in the others (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences for the total pecking behaviour of the birds in the groups at 24, 32, 40 and 48 weeks of age. Incidents of gentle feather pecking in every period were more frequent, while aggressive pecking was less frequent (P < 0.026, P < 0.007, P < 0.001). It can be said that access to range area as early as possible at the beginning of the laying period may be useful to reduce the negative effect of feather pecking in free-range layer chickens.

scholarly journals Sediaan Ekstrak Air Daun Gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa) Memiliki Potensi Memperbaiki Kulit yang Terpapar Sinar Ultraviolet

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Destria Indah Sari ◽  
Dina Rahmawanty ◽  
Yunita Jultan ◽  
Siti Sumiati Naba
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control

ABSTRAK Sinar ultraviolet dapat memberikan dampak yang merugikan terhadap kulit. Meskipun sinar ultraviolet juga memberikan manfaat seperti memediasi sintesis vitamin D, namun paparan berlebih sinar ultraviolet dapat menyebabkan kelainan kulit dan dapat menimbulkan resiko kesehatan, seperti atropi, perubahan pigmen, keriput, dan malignancy (keganasan). Reaksi tersebut timbul karena pembentukan radikal bebas dan untuk mengatasinya diperlukan antioksidan. Ekstrak daun Aquilaria microcarpa diketahui mengandung flavanoid, yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Pemanfaatan ekstrak daun Aquilaria microcarpa dalam bentuk sediaan merupakan langkah untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan pemakaian dan memaksimalkan manfaat ekstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kemampuan sediaan ekstrak daun Aquilaria microcarpa dalam memperbaiki kulit yang terpapar sinar matahari. Kulit yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah kulit mencit dewasa galur Balb/C yang telah diberi perlakuan selama 8 hari.  Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap lapisan epidermis dan dermis terhadap masing-masing ketebalan dan jumlah melanosit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sediaan ekstrak daun Aquilaria microcarpa memiliki potensi memperbaiki kulit yang terpapar sinar ultraviolet. Kata Kunci: paparan sinar ultraviolet, Aquilaria microcarpa,   ABSTRACT Ultraviolet rays could give negative effect to skin. Although ultraviolet rays also give benefit, for example, catalyzing vitamin D synthesis, but excessive exposure of ultraviolet rays may cause skin disorders, such as atropy, pigment changes, wrinkles, and malignancy. Those reactions caused by free radicals formation and need antioxidant to reduce them. Aquilaria microcarpa leaves extract were revealed to have flavanoid, which can be used as antioxidant. Its usage as dosage form was a step to increase acceptability and to maximize benefit of the extract. This research was aimed to determined Aquilaria microcarpa leaves extract ability to recover skin-previously exposed to ultraviolet rays. Skin used in this research were full grown mice Balb/C whom treated after 8 days. Epidermis thickness and melanocyte cell numbers were counted and compared with UV group and control group. The result showed Aquilaria microcarpa leaves extract as dosage form has potency to recover skin which exposure to ultraviolet rays. Keywords: ultraviolet rays exposure, Aquilaria microcarpa

Delay aversion in school-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 008124632096435
Author(s):  
Ramatladi Meriam Mphahlele ◽  
Basil Joseph Pillay ◽  
Anneke Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Delay Aversion ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

This study considered whether children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder displayed a stronger preference for smaller, more immediate rewards over larger, but delayed rewards (delay aversion) when compared to typically developing controls and, furthermore, whether age and gender influenced their preference in any way. Children, between 6 and 15 years of age, living in Limpopo province of South Africa, participated in the study. Two hundred sixteen children in total (108 with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and 108 matched controls without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms) were assessed, on a task of delay aversion. The Two Choice Impulsivity Paradigm, which assesses immediate and delayed responses, was administered to both the attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and control groups. The performance of both groups was compared on the Two Choice Impulsivity Paradigm, and the scores were analysed as a function of gender and age. The attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder group chose significantly more immediate, smaller responses than the neurotypical control group, which preferred significantly more delayed but larger responses. Gender and age did not affect the response choices for both immediate and delayed measurements. Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder show a greater need for more immediate gratification, even if the reward is smaller, than the neurotypical control group who could delay gratification to receive a larger reward. Gender and age did not influence their preferences.

scholarly journals A-150 Motor Sequencing Training Improved Executive Abilities in a Boy with Rolandic Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-944
Author(s):  
Kiseleva N ◽  
Kiselev S
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Rolandic Epilepsy ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Therapy Sessions ◽  
Executive Abilities

Abstract Objective It is known that children with epilepsy can have deficit in neurocognitive abilities. It is of great significance to receive the evidence for efficiency of different treatments that are aimed to help children with epilepsy. The goal of this study was to reveal the impact of 12 weeks of motor sequencing training on the executive abilities in a child with Rolandic epilepsy. Methods The child is 7 year old boy. The neuropsychological assessment of child has revealed the mild deficit in executive abilities. Child participated in 12 weeks of motor sequencing training. A total of 36 therapy sessions lasting 50 minutes were performed.This therapy trains the child to plan, sequence and process information more effectively through repetition of goal-directed movements. This programme is built on the conceptual framework derived from the work of Luria’s theory of restoration of neurocognitive functions (Luria, 1963, 1974). Results Neuropsychological assessment (NEPSY) of child after the intervention period has revealed apparent progress in performance of 4 subtests which are designed to assess executive abilities and attention (Tower, Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue). Conclusion According to result of this case report it can be assumed that motor sequencing training can be used as a prospective treatment approach for development of executive abilities in children with Rolandic epilepsy.

Deficit in executive abilities as a risk factor for emerging weakness in grammar understanding in Russian-speaking children

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S131-S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
Executive Abilities

IntroductionWeakness in grammar understanding is key future of specific language impairment (SLI) in children. There has been a considerable amount of work on the language abilities of children with SLI, but we still know relatively little about their other cognitive abilities –in particular their non-linguistic cognitive strengths and weaknesses.AimsThe aim of this research was to examine the hypothesis that Russian-speaking children at the age of 4 with deficit in executive abilities have a risk for emerging weakness in grammar understanding at the age of 6.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-five children at the age of 4 were assessed with the NEPSY to reveal children with different level of executive abilities. We have revealed 21 children with deficit in executive abilities. The control group included 21 children with typical level of executive abilities. The children from experimental and control group were matched for IQ and gender. In the framework of longitudinal research, children at the age of 6 from both groups were assessed by Grammar Understanding Test from Luria's neuropsychological assessment technique.ResultsTwo-way ANOVAs with repeated measures revealed significant differences between groups for scores in the Grammar Understanding Test. Children from experimental group had weakness in grammar understanding.ConclusionsWe have revealed that children at the age of 4 with weakness in executive abilities have a risk for emerging weakness in grammar understanding at the age of 6. In view of the obtained results, it can be assumed that executive abilities have influence on the development of grammar understanding in preschool children.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Content of Minerals in the PCOS Group and the Correlation with the Parameters of Metabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2214
Author(s):  
Kamila Pokorska-Niewiada ◽  
Agnieszka Brodowska ◽  
Małgorzata Szczuko
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Microwave System ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease in women of childbearing age. It is characterized by excessive androgen production, ovulation disorders, and developing metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to check whether selected minerals were related to the pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS. The concentrations of minerals were determined using an inductively coupled atomic plasma-emission spectrometer (ICP-AES Jobin Yvon JY-24). Blood samples from PCOS and control women were collected, processed, and digested with a microwave system in women with PCOS with and without insulin resistance and in the control group. It was found: zinc (Zn)-10.14 ± 2.11, 9.89 ± 1.44 and 10.30 ± 1.67; nickel (Ni) 0.001 ± 0.0009, 0.001 ± 0.0006 and 0.002 ± 0.00001; iron (Fe) 868.0 ± 155.8, 835.3 ± 156.4 and 833.0 ± 94.6; manganese (Mn) 0.017 ± 0.006, 0.017 ± 0.008 and 0.020 ± 0.009; copper (Cu) 0.714 ± 0.129, 0.713 ± 0.114 and 0.761 ± 0.146; magnesium (Mg) 48.4 ± 8.3, 50.0 ± 8.4 and 45.3 ± 10.7; sodium (Na) 374.3 ± 84.3, 396.3 ± 66.6 and 367.9 ± 88.9; potassium (K) 2541.8 ± 330.9, 2409.6 ± 347.1 and 2336.9 ± 211.4 (µg/g). Some micronutrient deficiencies may have a negative effect on the lipid profile in PCOS patients (Ni, Na). Further studies are needed to better understand dependencies.

scholarly journals Effects of selected therapeutic aerobic exercise on remedial case of premenstrual syndrome in case of Arba Minch University

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
K. Abebe ◽  
M. Deyuo ◽  
W. Aychiluhim
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of selected therapeutic 12 weeks regular aerobic exercise on remedial case of premenstrual syndrome students. Materials: A quasi-experimental study was used on a randomly selected 30 female students aged 18 to 30 years who meet the eligibility criteria at Arba Minch University. Participants were divided in to two groups: experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15) for comparison purpose. The therapeutic aerobic exercise duration was 40-60 minutes and carried out for 12 weeks with three sessions per week. In this study the premenstrual symptoms questionnaire consists of 8 domains of used. The domains were pain, concentration, behavioral change, autonomic reactions, water retention, negative effect, arousal and control. A paired t-test statistical method was used for data analysis. SPSS version 20 was used for data management and analysis. Result: The study found mean scores of negative reaction decreased after 12 weeks with a frequency of 3 per week therapeutic aerobic training in the experimental group but not in the control. Further, a statistically significant change was observed for all measured variables for experimental group. However, there was no a statistically significant change for the controls. The selected therapeutic aerobic exercise training program on treating premenstrual syndrome had a significance effects on experimental group and students who practiced for twelve weeks with a repetition of three times per week. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of regular therapeutic aerobic exercise with three sessions per a week with intensity of 40 to 60 minutes reduces the severity of feeling premenstrual syndrome symptoms (PMS).

scholarly journals Marital status and education as risk factors for colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ruseva ◽  
D. Tochev ◽  
Z. Boneva ◽  
Y. Assyov ◽  
L. Georgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Significant Disease

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a socially significant disease. It is often looking for its relationship with lifestyle and heredity. For its development, factors as marital status and education are also important. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the influence of the marital status and education on the colorectal cancer risk. The time of impact is five years, before the diagnose is made. There are 540 persons participating in the study. Participants are separated into two groups – cases and control group. Both groups are unified by known confounders gender and age. Information is collected via questionnaire and as interview. Data is introduced and processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. For the level of significance, whereby the null hypothesis is rejected, we accepted p <0.05. We demonstrate the definitive influence of the education as a risk factor for CRC. Participants with secondary and primary education have higher risk of developing colorectal neoplasm, compared to those with higher education. We also establish that marital status had protective effect in some cases of CRC.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pajanan Auditorik Kombinasi Gelombang Monoton dan Ritmis terhadap Ekspresi Postsynapticdensity-95 Hipokampus Neonatus Ayam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Frisca Angreni ◽  
DESWATY FURQONITA ◽  
AHMAD JUSUF
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Postsynaptic Density ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biology Laboratory

Ibu hamil yang terpapar bising akan memengaruhi janin yang dikandungnya bahkan memiliki efek negatif terhadap neurogenesis. Suara dari gelombang ritmis (musik) dapat meningkatkan neurogenesis yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap fungsi memori. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek positif gelombang ritmis untuk meredam atau menjadi terapi bagi bagian otak yang sebelumnya mendapat efek negatif gelombang monoton, dilihat dari peningkatan ekspresi densitas optik protein postsynapticdensity-95 dan waktu uji labirin T. Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan di laboratorium Developmental Biologi dan Patologi Anatomik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia pada bulan September 2018. Penelitian menggunakan 24 telur ayam yang difertilisasi dan dibagi empat kelompok: kelompok suara ritmis, monoton, gabungan (kombinasi suara monoton dan ritmis), dan kontrol. Telur yang sudah difertilisasi diinkubasi selama 21 hari dan dimiringkan secara otomatis tiap 4 jam. Dilakukan proses candling hari ke-3, ke-5, ke-10 dan ke-15 untuk menilai perkembangan embrio ayam. Hasil penelitian ini, terdapat perbedaan bermakna densitas optik protein postsynapticdensity 95 dan waktu uji labirin T antara kelompok gabungan dengan kelompok ritmis dan monoton, namun tidak terjadi perbedaan bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol. Gelombang ritmis dapat mengurangi efek buruk gelombang monoton dan mengembalikannya menjadi sama dengan normal (kelompok kontrol). Kata kunci: ritmis, monoton, kombinasi suara, memori, postsynapticdensity-95.   Effect of Auditory Exposure combination of Monotonous and Rhythmic Waves on Postsynapticdensity-95 Expression on Neonatal Hippocampus Abstract Pregnant women who are exposed to noise will affect the fetus they contain and even have a negative effect on neurogenesis. Sound from rhythmic waves (music) can increase neurogenesis which directly affects memory function. This study aims to determine the positive effect of rhythmic waves to dampen or become therapy for parts of the brain that previously received the negative effects of monotonous waves, seen from the increase in the expression of the optical density of the postsynapticdensity-95 protein and the labyrint T test time. This experimental study was conducted in the Developmental Biology laboratory and Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia in September 2018. The study used 24 fertilized chicken eggs and divided into four groups: rhythmic, monotonous, combined (a combination of monotonous and rhythmic sounds), and control. Fertilized eggs are incubated for 21 days and automatically tilted every 4 hours. The candling process was carried out on the 3rd, 5th, 10th and 15th days to assess the development of chicken embryos. The results of this study, there was a significant difference in the optical density of the postsynaptic density protein 95 and the time of the T labyrint test between the combined group and the rhythmic and monotonous group, but there was no significant difference with the control group. Rhythmic waves can reduce the bad effects of monotonous waves and return them to normal (control group). Keywords: rhythmic, monotone, sound combination, memory, postsynaptic density-95.

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