Dose Dependent Effects of Whole Blueberry on Cartilage Health and Pain in a Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) Induced Rat Model of Osteoarthritis

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the dose-dependent effects of whole blueberry in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced rat model of Osteoarthritis (OA). There is no known cure for OA and the present pharmacological treatment options are limited and associated with adverse side effects. We hypothesize that the addition of whole blueberry into the diets of rats with MIA induced OA will reduce pain behavior and improve cartilage health. Methods A total of forty, 45-day-old female CD rats were used for this study. Thirty rats were injected with MIA to induce joint destruction associated with OA. Ten rats served as control without induction of joint destruction. The MIA induced rats were randomized into three groups consisting of 10 animals. All groups were fed a casein-based diet with two of the MIA induced groups receiving an addition of whole blueberry powder at 5% and 10%, respectively. All groups were fed the respective diets for 46 days. The animals were weighted weekly throughout the study period and food intake monitored and recorded. Fasted blood specimens and other tissues of interest were collected after euthanasia for analysis. Mechanical allodynia was assessed at four time points throughout the study to evaluate changes in pain behaviors. Results There were no difference in body weight between the four groups at baseline. After 46 days of feeding there was no significant change in body weight in either of the blueberry fed groups in comparison to the MIA rats. Plasma hyaluronic acid levels were higher in the MIA group in comparison to the blueberry treated groups. We observed a dose dependent decrease in hyaluronic acid levels with blueberry treatment, respectively. At baseline, the MIA group exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) mechanical allodynia compared to the control group. Mechanical allodynia was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced after 40 days in the 10% whole blueberry treated group. Conclusions Incorporation of whole blueberry into the diets of rats with MIA-induced OA reduced hyaluronic acid concentration and pain sensitivity. These results suggest that whole blueberry may be an effective therapeutic alternative for improving joint health and alleviating pain associated with OA. Funding Sources Research Enhancement Program, Texas Woman's University.

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Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.76.1.28 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yukari Egashira ◽

Shin Nagaki ◽

Hiroo Sanada

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽

Low Level ◽

Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

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Anti-Obesity and Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) in SD Rats and in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes Models

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 331

Author(s):

Jung-Yun Lee ◽

Tae Yang Kim ◽

Hanna Kang ◽

Jungbae Oh ◽

Joo Woong Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Body Weight ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Adipogenic Gene

Excess body weight is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and associated metabolic complications, and weight loss has been shown to improve glycemic control and decrease morbidity and mortality in T2D patients. Weight-loss strategies using dietary interventions produce a significant decrease in diabetes-related metabolic disturbance. We have previously reported that the supplementation of low molecular chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) significantly inhibited blood glucose levels in both animals and humans. However, the effect of GO2KA1 on obesity still remains unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of GO2KA1 on lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression using 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro and plasma lipid profiles using a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were stimulated to differentiate under the adipogenic stimulation in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of GO2KA1. Adipocyte differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O staining of lipids and the expression of adipogenic gene expression. Compared to control group, the cells treated with GO2KA1 significantly decreased in intracellular lipid accumulation with concomitant decreases in the expression of key transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBP/α). Consistently, the mRNA expression of downstream adipogenic target genes such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group. In vivo, male SD rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induced obesity, followed by oral administration of GO2KA1 at 0.1 g/kg/body weight or vehicle control in HFD. We assessed body weight, food intake, plasma lipids, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) for liver function, and serum level of adiponectin, a marker for obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome. Compared to control group GO2KA1 significantly suppressed body weight gain (185.8 ± 8.8 g vs. 211.6 ± 20.1 g, p < 0.05) with no significant difference in food intake. The serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly lower in the GO2KA1-treated group than in the control group, whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was higher in the GO2KA1 group. The GO2KA1-treated group also showed a significant reduction in ALT and AST levels compared to the control. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels were significantly 1.5-folder higher than the control group. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that dietary supplementation of GO2KA1 may prevent diet-induced weight gain and the anti-obesity effect is mediated in part by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing adiponectin level.

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Diuretic activity of the bark of Eysenhardtia polystachya

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i1.24659 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 212 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saudy Saret Pablo-Pérez ◽

María Mirian Estévez-Carmona ◽

María Estela Meléndez-Camargo

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Treated Group ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Urinary Flow ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Sodium And Potassium ◽

Different Doses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic activity of Eysenhardtia polystachya bark aqueous extract at different doses in a rat model. Different doses of E. polystachya (125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight), furosemide (4 mg/kg) and vehicle were administered per os to female rats (n=6 animals per group). After 6 hours in metabolic cages, the effect on urinary flow, glomerular ﬁltration rate and electrolyte balance of sodium and potassium were assessed in all animals. E. polystachya at the doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg induced diuretic activity, since markedly increased (p<0.05) the urinary flow rate, similar to that of furosemide treated group. Only the dose of 750 mg/kg produced an increment in urinary excretion of sodium but not of potassium compared with control group. These findings indicate that E. polystachya bark-induced diuretic activity, providing evidence for its folkloric use.

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Effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet consumption in diabetic rats: Beneficial impact on glycemic and weight control

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.95.19950 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (07) ◽

pp. 16984-16996

Author(s):

MMC Anyakudo ◽

◽

DO Adeniji ◽

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Treated Group ◽

Morphological Features ◽

High Protein ◽

Control Group ◽

Formulated Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

And Control

The metabolic response to nutrient ingestion and the rate of digestion and absorption of nutrient molecules in bowel physiology plays an important role in the metabolic control of some human chronic non-infectious diseases. This experimentally-controlled designed nutritional study which lasted eight weeks aimed to determine the effects of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP/LC) formulated diet on glycemic tolerance, glycemic control, body weight, organ weight and organ morphometry in healthy and diabetic adult male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats purchased from a disease-free stock were randomly categorized into four groups (n = 6, each) after two weeks acclimatization period in raised stainless steel cages with 6 mm2mesh floor and replaceable numbered blotters papers placed under each cage in a well-ventilated animal house. Animal groups include: Healthy control group (HC), Healthy treated group (HT), Diabetic control group (DC) and Diabetic treated group (DT. The animals were fed according to the experimental design with water ad libitumfor eight weeks. Diabetes was inducted with freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution (150 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally). Body weights and fasting blood sugar concentrations were measured twice weekly, while oral glucose tolerance test was conducted on the last day of the eighth-week study and subsequently followed by organs extraction after anesthesia for weight and gross assessment. Proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet caused significant reduction in mean body weight of treated diabetic (DT: 22.6%; P= .001) and healthy (HT: 5.8%; P= .007) rats while the control animals on control diet recorded significant (P< .05) increase in body weight gain (DC: 12.4%; HC: 11.2%). Glycemic tolerance and control improved significantly in diabetic treated rats over that of the healthy treated rats. Gross morphometry of the extracted organs (kidneys, liver, heart, lungs, spleen and testes) revealed sustained normal morphological features without any visible lesion. In conclusion, consumption of proportional high-protein/low-carbohydrate formulated diet enhanced body weight reduction and sustained normal organ morphological features with good glycemic tolerance and control in experimental rats, suggesting its dietary potentiality, safety and suitability to ameliorate obesity-related diabetes.

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Composite sponges from sheep decellularized small intestinal submucosa for treatment of diabetic wounds

Journal of Biomaterials Applications ◽

10.1177/0885328220963897 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088532822096389

Author(s):

Gamze Kara Magden ◽

Cigdem Vural ◽

Busra Yaprak Bayrak ◽

Candan Yilmaz Ozdogan ◽

Halime Kenar

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Rat Model ◽

Small Intestinal Submucosa ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Small Intestinal ◽

Intestinal Submucosa ◽

Diabetic Rat Model

Despite the fast development of technology in the world, diabetic foot wounds cause deaths and massive economical losses. Diabetes comes first among the reasons of non traumatic foot amputations. To reduce the healing time of these fast progressing wounds, effective wound dressings are in high demand. In our study, sheep small intestinal submucosa (SIS) based biocompatible sponges were prepared after SIS decellularization and their wound healing potential was investigated on full thickness skin defects in a diabetic rat model. The decellularized SIS membranes had no cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts and supported capillary formation by HUVECs in a fibroblast-HUVEC co-culture. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked sponges of three different compositions were prepared to test in a diabetic rat model: gelatin (GS), gelatin: hyaluronic acid (GS:HA) and gelatin: hyaluronic acid: SIS (GS:HA:SIS). The GS:HA:SIS sponges underwent a 24.8 ± 5.4% weight loss in a 7-day in vitro erosion test. All sponges had a similar Young’s modulus under compression but GS:HA:SIS had the highest (5.00 ± 0.04 kPa). Statistical analyses of histopathological results of a 12-day in vivo experiment revealed no significant difference among the control, GS, GS:HA, and GS:HA:SIS transplanted groups in terms of granulation tissue thickness, collagen deposition, capillary vessel formation, and foreign body reaction (P > 0.05). On the other hand, in the GS:HA:SIS transplanted group 80% of the animals had a complete epidermal regeneration and this was significantly different than the control group (30%, P < 0.05). Preclinical studies revealed that the ECM of sheep small intestinal submucosa can be used as an effective biomaterial in diabetic wound healing.

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Effect of Apitherapy in Piglets with Preweaning Diarrhea

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x03001004 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (02) ◽

pp. 321-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Seok Hwa Choi ◽

Seong Koo Cho ◽

Seong Soo Kang ◽

Chun Sik Bae ◽

Young Hoon Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Apis Mellifera ◽

Standard Dose ◽

Treated Group ◽

Bee Venom ◽

Control Group ◽

Main Concern ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Control Groups ◽

Bacterial Diarrhea

This study was designed to examine the therapeutic effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom in piglets with bacterial diarrhea. Comparison between bee venom- and drug-treated groups was our main concern in the present study. Preweaning piglets were assigned to treated and non-treated control groups. In the treated group, 47 piglets were acupunctured with the worker honeybee once a day for three consecutive days. Two acupoints, GV-1 (Jiao-chao) and ST-25 (Hai-men), were selected for apitherapy. In the control group, 44 piglets were intramuscularly injected with a standard dose of a known antibacterial drug, colistin sulfate (300,000 IU/kg of body weight), and an antidiarrheal drug (berberine, 2 ml/kg) once a day for three consecutive days. At post-treatment, 90.9% of the control piglets and 93.6% of piglets in the treated group recovered from bacterial diarrhea. Bee acupuncture therapy did not show any side effects such as allergy, intoxication, hemorrhage or infection. It is concluded that bee venom therapy was effective in controlling bacterial diarrhea in preweaning piglets.

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Effect of chlorothiazide on serial measurements of exchangeable sodium and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0690511 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 511-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. J. O. Manhem ◽

S. A. Clark ◽

W. B. Brown ◽

G. D. Murray ◽

J. I. S. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Weight ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Tap Water ◽

Treated Group ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Control Group ◽

Exchangeable Sodium ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. Chlorothiazide (100 mg/kg body weight) was given by gavage daily to spontaneously hypertensive rats for 4 weeks. Another group of spontaneously hypertensive rats was given only tap water and served as control. 2. Measurements of total exchangeable sodium, blood pressure and weight were performed for 2 weeks before and for 4 weeks during treatment. 3. Before treatment, exchangeable sodium, blood pressure and weight were similar in the two groups of rats. 4. Chlorothiazide significantly attenuated the blood pressure increase in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the effect being most marked during the first 2 1/2 weeks of treatment and less thereafter. 5. Rats in the chlorothiazide-treated group gained weight more slowly than did those of the control group. 6. Exchangeable sodium, expressed as mmol/kg body weight, did not differ significantly between the two groups at any stage. 7. When exchangeable sodium was expressed as mmol/rat, there was a more gradual rise in the chlorothiazide-treated animals, in accordance with their slower gain in weight. 8. There was no temporal association between the antihypertensive effect of chlorothiazide and changes in exchangeable sodium. 9. Thus whereas chlorothiazide treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats slows the increase of both weight and exchangeable sodium, other mechanisms are apparently responsible for the antihypertensive action of the drug.

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EFFECT OF PITUITARY ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC AND GROWTH HORMONES ON THE RESISTANCE OF RATS INFECTED WITH PASTEURELLA PESTIS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.106.1.127 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 127-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tetsuo Hayashida

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Challenge Dose ◽

Post Challenge ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Toxic Dose ◽

Peak Incidence ◽

Acth Treatment

The influence of highly purified pituitary adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and growth (somatotropic, STH) hormones on resistance of normal, young adult rats infected with Pasteurella pestis organisms (EV 76) has been studied. The daily dosage of ACTH was 0.1 mg. (25 I.U per mg.) and that of STH was 1.0 mg. When these hormones were administered for 3 days prior to infection (1 LD50) and for 4 days thereafter, ACTH treatment resulted in a significant depression of resistance (p = < 0.001). The simultaneous administration of STH not only resulted in a definite counteraction of the depression (p = < 0.001), but resistance was increased to a level significantly above that of the non-hormone treated controls (p = < 0.001). Treatment with STH alone also showed a significantly higher protection when compared to the same controls (p = < 0.05). The results of experiments in which the challenge dose was 1 LD50 suggested that greater alterations in resistance, whether it be a depression or enhancement, could be obtained by continuing hormone treatment after challenge instead of discontinuing on the day prior to challenge. When animals were treated with a relatively high daily dose (1.0 mg.) of ACTH and challenged with only ¼ of an LD50 of organisms, the majority of animals died within 4 to 7 days, whereas either the ACTH treatment or the bacterial dose alone resulted in no deaths. If the hormones were administered for 2 weeks prior to challenge with a high, toxic dose of organisms (4 LD50), and discontinued thereafter, there were significant differences in mortality in the various groups during the first 24 hours post challenge. The ACTH treated group showed a marked drop in resistance (p = < 0.001). STH, when given alone, exercised a significant protection (p = < 0.02), and in combination with ACTH, effectively counteracted the depression of resistance to acute, toxic deaths induced by the latter hormone (p = < 0.001). In this particular experiment, practically all animals died within 4 to 5 days, owing to the high challenge dose; the few survivors were in the group that had been pretreated with growth hormone. The maximal loss in body weight following an LD50 challenge dose occurred by the 3rd day post challenge in all groups except in the ACTH-treated animals. At this time the LD50 control group had lost an average of 14 gm. per rat, the STH group only 3 gm. per rat, whereas the group receiving both hormones lost an average of 7.5 gm. per rat. The ACTH-treated animals showed the greatest weight loss on the 4th day. Thus, under the conditions of the experiment, the beneficial effect of STH on the maintenance of body weight was demonstrated during the period of acute infection. The peak incidence of death in controls or hormone-treated animals following infection with 1 LD50 of living organisms occurred on the 4th to 5th day post challenge; the earliest deaths occurred on the 3rd day, while the latest occurred on the 7th day. The peak incidence of death after the 4 LD50 challenge dose occurred earlier, falling on the 2nd to 3rd day. Death was always accompanied by the characteristic gross pathology which results from infection with Pasteurella pestis organisms, particularly in the animals which succumbed after the 3rd day. Bacterial cultures usually revealed the presence of numerous Pasteurella pestis organisms in the spleen and heart blood at the time of death.

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In VivoAntiplasmodial and Analgesic Effect of Crude Ethanol Extract ofPiper guineenseLeaf Extract inAlbinoMice

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2016/8687313 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Y. Kabiru ◽

G. F. Ibikunle ◽

D. A. Innalegwu ◽

B. M. Bola ◽

F. M. Madaki

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Analgesic Efficacy ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Piper Guineense ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Dose Dependent

Antiplasmodial and analgesic effects of crude ethanol extract ofPiper guineensewas investigated in mice. The antiplasmodial and analgesic efficacy of the extract was judged on its ability to reduce parasitemia and writhing, respectively, in mice. The antiplasmodial screening involved treating infected mice with 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight of extract while the positive control group was given standard artesunate drug. The analgesic test was carried out by administering 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of extract to three groups of healthy mice, respectively, after induction of pain with 0.75% acetic acid. The positive control group was given aspirin drug. Parasitemia was reduced by 28.36%, 43.28%, and 62.69% in a dose-dependent pattern in the curative test which was significantly different (P<0.05) from 96.03% of the standard drug. The reduction of writhing by mice given the extract was also dose-dependent (36.29, 45.43, and 59.07%). Aspirin drug was however more effective (86.36%). The extract was safe at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, terpenoids, and coumarins. Result obtained in this study demonstrated the efficacy of ethanol extract ofPiper guineenseas an antiplasmodial and analgesic agent.

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The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: role of vitamins E and C

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1191/0960327102ht304oa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 681-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

I Altuntas ◽

N Delibas ◽

R Sutcu

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Organophosphate Insecticide ◽

Rat Erythrocytes ◽

Vitamins E And C ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

C 30

The effects of organophosphate insecticide methidathion (MD) on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant enzymes and the ameliorating effects of a combination of vitamins E and C against MD toxicity were evaluated in rat erythrocytes. Experimental groups were: control group, MD-treated group (MD), and MD+vitamin E+vitamin Ctreated group (MD+Vit). MD and MD+Vit groups were treated orally with a single dose of 8 mg/kg MD body weight at 0 hour. Vitamins E and C were injected at doses of 150 mg/kg body weight, i.m. and 200 mg/kg body weight, i.p., respectively, 30 min after the treatment of MD in the MD+Vit group. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after the MD administration. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) were studied in the erythrocytes. MDA level increased significantly in the MD group compared to the control group (P <0.05) and decreased significantly in the MD+Vit group compared to the MD group (P <0.05). The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT decreased in the MD group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Only GSH-Px activity increased in the MD+Vit group compared with the MD group. These results suggest that treating rats with MD increases LPO and decreases anti-oxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes. Furthermore, single-dose treatment with a combination of vitamins E and C 30 min after the administration of MD can reduce LPO caused by MD.

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