scholarly journals Strategies of Caregivers for Encouraging Consumption of Small Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement in 7 to 24-Month Old Children in Morelos, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 813-813
Author(s):  
Anabelle Bonvecchio ◽  
Selene Pacheco Miranda ◽  
Mónica Venosa ◽  
Cloe Rawlinson ◽  
Harriet Okronipa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sustained Use ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract Objectives Small quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) are widely used in the treatment for malnutrition among infants and young children during complementary feeding. However, its acceptability by the children is frequently mothers concern. We aimed to identify strategies used by caregivers to encourage consumption of SQ-LNS in 7–24 month-old children in Morelos, Mexico. Methods We conducted a 14-day home feeding trial with a convenience sample of 62 caregivers of children aged 7–24 months in semi-urban communities of Morelos, Mexico. Caregivers were instructed to offer children a daily a sachet of 20-g portion of the assigned version SQ-LNS mixed with 30 g of a food commonly fed to the children. After the trial, we conducted 6 focus groups with 24 caregivers to explore their experience with the use of SQ-LNS. The main topics of the focus group guide include general perception of the supplement and the acceptability of the child and the strategies to improve consumption of children that refused the supplement. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded by two researchers using constant comparison method. We used Nvivo 12 to conduct the analysis. Results As some children refused SQ-LNS, caregivers used strategies to promote trying, eating some or the whole portion of the supplement. We grouped these strategies in 5 categories: i.Mixing the supplement with foods that masked the taste and/or consistencyii.Testing new ways of preparing the supplement (alone or mixing it with food to offer variety)iii.Trying various feeding practices (e.g., force feeding, self-feeding, requesting other members of the family to feed the child)iv.Offering the supplement at different points in time (e.g., as a snack, as part of lunch, after nape time, etc.)v.Other strategies (e.g., playing games, distracting children, making threats) The strategies did not vary by type of supplement. Conclusions Counseling and communication campaigns that anticipate these strategies to caregivers and include responsive feeding are needed in supplementation programs to contribute to improve acceptability and sustained use of the product. Funding Sources Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN).

scholarly journals Associations Between Maternal Feeding Styles and Infant Intake of a Lipid Nutrient Supplement

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1043-1043
Author(s):  
Allyson Montalvo ◽  
Kathryn Davis ◽  
Abigail Flesher ◽  
Kameron Moding ◽  
Allison Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Laissez Faire

Abstract Objectives Caregiver feeding styles differ in their responsivity and thereby shape children's early feeding experiences. Laissez-faire feeding beliefs and practices are less engaged than the responsive feeding style. This study aimed to examine how the mothers’ infant feeding beliefs and behaviors are associated with infant/toddler consumption of a lipid nutrient supplement (LNS). Methods Mothers (n = 56) and children (7–11.30 mo infants, n = 16; and 12–24 mo toddlers, n = 40; toddlers) participated in a randomized, 2-week home exposure study and 2 laboratory visits ([V1] & [V2]). At both laboratory visits, mothers offered LNS until the parent determined the child was finished. Total intake (g) at V1 and V2 was measured. In the 2-week period between V1 and V2, mothers were given 10 samples of LNS to offer to their child and intake at each home feeding. Mothers also completed the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire (IFSQ), a self-report instrument designed to measure maternal feeding beliefs and behaviors. Spearman's correlations and independent-samples t-tests were conducted to relate mothers’ feeding beliefs and behaviors to the children's intake at V1, V2, and during home feeding. Follow up comparisons of infant and toddler associations were performed with Fisher's z statistic. Significance was defined as P < 0.05. Results Fifty-five dyads (98%) completed V1, V2 and home feeding protocols. Higher caregiver Laissez-Faire (LF) belief scores were negatively associated with child LNS consumption for infants at V1 (r = −0.544, P = 0.031) but not for toddlers (r = −0.031, P = 0.847; Fisher's z = −1.795, P = 0.036). Likewise, associations between LF behaviors and infant LNS intake at both V1 and V2 were significant (r V1 = −0.616, P = 0.011, r V2 = −0.522, P = 0.046) but not for toddlers (rV1 = 0.16, P = 0.920, Fisher's z V1 = −2.28, P = 0.011; r V2 = −0.191, P = 0.237, Fisher's z V2 = −2.40, P = 0.008). Conclusions The LF feeding style may play an important role for infant LNS consumption. Feeding styles that are less responsive and reflect lower caregiver interaction during feeding, may be less effective in promoting children's opportunity to engage with new foods and may not facilitate their ability to learn to like LNS. Funding Sources Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition.

scholarly journals Infant and Toddler Consumption of a Lipid Nutrient Supplement After a 2-Week Home Repeated Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1017-1017
Author(s):  
Susan Johnson ◽  
Allison Shapiro ◽  
Kameron Moding ◽  
Kathryn Davis ◽  
Allyson Montalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
Alternate Version ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objectives Repeated exposure (RE) paradigms produce improvements in food acceptance during infancy, however, less is known about RE effectiveness in toddlers. Here we examine the effects of RE on acceptance of sweetened and unsweetened versions of a lipid nutrient supplement (LNS). Methods Mothers and children (n = 56, 86% NonHispanic White), aged 7–11.30 mo (n = 12; infants) and 12–24 mo (n = 44; toddlers), participated in a randomized, 2-week home exposure study and 2 lab visits (Baseline [V1] & Post-exposure [V2]). Children were randomized to RE of 1) sweetened or 2) unsweetened versions of the LNS mixed into oatmeal. At V1, mothers offered version 1 of LNS (sweetened or unsweetened) until the child took 2 bites or refused 3 times. Then mothers fed the alternate version ([HE]; the LNS to which children were randomized for home exposure) until the child refused to eat more. Intake (g) of HE was measured. Mothers were given 10 servings of the HE version and told to offer their child the 10 servings over the following 2-week period. At V2, mothers again fed unlimited amounts of HE until the child refused to eat more and intake in grams was again measured. A linear mixed model for repeated measures tested change in intake of HE across V1 and V2 by age group (toddlers v. infants) and by LNS version (sweetened v. unsweetened). Significance of the statistical interaction (visit by age group and visit by version) was defined at P < 0.1. Results Fifty-five dyads (98%) completed V1 and V2. Caregivers offered their children, on average, 9 of 10 possible home exposure servings. Observed intake of the HE differed by age group (infants, V1 = 32.3 g ± 15.8, V2 = 28.8 ± 20.9 vs. toddlers, V1 = 15.5 g ± 16.3 V2 = 23.9 ± 19.5; P = .006). The linear mixed model confirmed (F = 3.41, P = .07) that intake of HE significantly increased from V1 to V2 in the toddler group, whereas intake in the infant group remained consistent between V1 and V2. The unsweetened version was preferentially consumed compared to the sweetened version (P = .07). Conclusions Children consumed the unsweetened version as well, if not better, than the sweetened version of the supplement. Over time, infants were consistent in their willingness to consume the supplement whereas toddlers showed an increase in intake, suggesting that toddlers may learn to eat the supplement through RE. Funding Sources Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition.

scholarly journals Nutrition Standards For Infants and Young Children can be Implemented by Family Child Care Home Providers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2198955
Author(s):  
Lorrene D. Ritchie ◽  
Victoria Keeton ◽  
Danielle L. Lee ◽  
Klara Gurzo ◽  
Elyse Homel Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Family Child Care ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Nutrition Standards ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Provider Surveys

The study evaluated an educational intervention with family child care home (FCCH) providers to implement nutrition standards. A convenience sample of licensed California FCCH providers (n = 30) attended a 2-hour, in-person group training in English or Spanish on nutrition standards for infants and children aged 1 to 5 years. Provider surveys and researcher observations during meals/snacks were conducted pre- and 3 months post-intervention. Providers rated the training as excellent (average score of 4.9 on a scale of 1-5). Adherence, assessed by survey and observation and compared over time using paired t-tests, increased from an average of 36% pre-intervention to 44% post-intervention ( P = .06) of providers (n = 12) for infant standards and from 59% to 68% ( P < .001) of providers (n = 30) for child standards. One-third (39%) of providers rated infant standards and 19% of providers rated child standards as difficult to implement. Nutrition standards can be implemented by FCCH providers after an educational intervention; a larger study is warranted with a representative group of providers.

scholarly journals Men’s perceptions of sexual and reproductive health education within the context of pregnancy and HIV in Zambia: a descriptive qualitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulani Francis L. Matenga ◽  
Joseph Mumba Zulu ◽  
Sharon Nkwemu ◽  
Perfect Shankalala ◽  
Karen Hampanda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
The Family

Abstract Background Although health care providers are beginning to focus on men’s roles as fathers and husbands, there is limited understanding of how men view their ability to promote sexual and reproductive health in families affected by HIV and their experiences with receiving education through antenatal care. This paper aims to explore men’s perceptions of the education they need regarding sexual and reproductive health within the family in the context of HIV. Methods We interviewed a convenience sample of 18 male partners of pregnant women living with HIV in Lusaka, Zambia. Atlas.ti was used to facilitate data management and content analysis. Results Men reported being the primary decision-makers regarding sexual and reproductive issues in the family; however, they admitted far-reaching unmet needs in terms of information on sexual and reproductive health in the context of HIV. Most men felt that antenatal care was not a conducive setting to fully educate men on sexual and reproductive health because it is a woman’s space where their health concerns were generally neglected. There was a strong desire for more education that was specific to men’s sexual and reproductive health, especially because all the couples were affected by HIV. Men especially requested education on sexual preparedness, safe sex, the use of condoms in sero-concordant and sero-discordant relationships and general health information. Although men stated they were the main decision-makers regarding sexual and reproductive issues such as pregnancy, most men were not confident in their ability to promote sexual and reproductive health in the family because of limited knowledge in this area. Conclusion There is need to change the environment and messaging of antenatal care, as well as offer relevant education opportunities outside health facility settings to empower men with essential information for meaningful involvement in sexual and reproductive health in the context of HIV.

Taking Financial Literacy Downtown: Leveraging Community Partnerships to Increase Communication of Essential Financial Information in an Urban Area

2021 ◽  
pp. 001312452110638
Author(s):  
Lindsay Neuberger ◽  
Deborah A. Carroll ◽  
Silvana Bastante ◽  
Maeven Rogers ◽  
Laura Boutemen
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Credit Scores ◽  
Priority Populations

Financial illiteracy is a systemic issue across the country, especially among lower-income individuals in urban communities. This low level of financial literacy often leads to higher levels of debt, lower credit scores, less wealth accumulation, and poor retirement planning. Increasing financial literacy in these priority populations can be effective in combatting some of these negative financial outcomes. This study emerged from a partnership between community organizations in a large urban metropolitan area and scholars from diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Guided by formative research principles, this manuscript reports on research findings derived from several focus groups with community members. These focus groups helped to identify existing perceived financial knowledge levels, categorize barriers to enhancing financial literacy, and illuminate potentially pathways to effective financial literacy program development.

scholarly journals Conceptions of the professionals about their attributions in the Expanded Nucleus of Family Health

Psico-USF ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-671
Author(s):  
Meyrielle Belotti ◽  
Alexandra Iglesias ◽  
Luziane Zacché Avellar
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Specialized Care

Abstract The article aims to analyze the conceptions conferred by the health professionals that compose the Expanded Nuclei of Family Health (NASF) on their work assignments. This is a qualitative research, in which was used, for the data collection, eight focus groups, with a total of 43 participants. The data were submitted to content analysis. The results outlined the following categories: integrating NASF work with the Family Health Teams (ESF); developing specialized care; promoting intersectionality; contributing to the promotion of teamwork in Primary Care (AB) and strengthening AB. The study indicates the importance of a better understanding of the functions of the NASF, so that it does not restrict the opportunity to perform specialized care in AB. It is pointed out, the need for adjustments in the work processes of the ESF, in order to enable the shared work in the AB.

Impact of family demands and family strengths and capabilities on family well-being and adaptation after critical injury

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Leske ◽  
MK Jiricka
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Strengths ◽  
Family Adaptation ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Demands ◽  
Index Family ◽  
Critical Injury

BACKGROUND: Increases in demands on patients' family members that are not reduced by family strengths may contribute to decreases in family adaptation and complicate patients' recovery after trauma. The purpose of this study was to examine family demands (prior stressors and severity of patients' injuries) and family strengths and capabilities (hardiness, resources, coping, and problem-solving communication) associated with outcomes of family well-being and adaptation. METHODS: A multivariate, descriptive design based on the Resiliency Model of Family Stress was used. A convenience sample of family members (N = 51) of adult patients participated within the first 2 days of critical injury. Family demands were measured with the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes and the Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation III. Family strengths were measured with the Family Hardiness Index, Family Inventory of Resources for Management, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale, and Family Problem Solving Communication Index. Family adaptation outcomes were measured with the Family Well Being Index and Family Adaptation Scale. RESULTS: Increases in family demands were significantly related to decreases in family strengths and family adaptation. Family demands scores accounted for 40% of the variance in family well-being scores. The only significant family strength variable influencing family adaptation was problem-solving communication. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in family demands seem to be an important indicator of the amount of assistance a family may need. Interventions that help mobilize family strengths, such as problem-solving communication, may be effective in promoting the adaptation of families of critically injured patients.

scholarly journals Beliefs About Plant-Based Diet in Inner City CKD and Family Medicine Patients and Relationship to Dietary Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 516-516
Author(s):  
Kingsley Cruickshank ◽  
Ahmad Saleh ◽  
Takisha Morancy ◽  
Iqra Nadeem ◽  
Elizabeth Kasparov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Abstract Objectives We compared beliefs about plant-based eating and dietary intake in patients attending inner-City CKD and Family Medicine (FM) clinics. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted in a random convenience sample of pts in CKD (23) and FM clinics (22). Patients were asked to answer 5 multiple choice questions assessing their beliefs regarding difficulty in finding plant-based foods in restaurants, affordability, ability to get proteins and vitamins, and ability to find good tasting recipes. A mean score was calculated. Lower score indicates more difficulty (PBE-score). Diet analysis was based on 24hr recall and analyzed using ASA-24 software. Comparisons are by t-test unless noted. Results Mean age was 54.3 ± 2.5 yrs. There were 16 (35.6%) males and 22 (62.2%) females with 40 black (89%). 36 (80%) had not completed college. 23 (51%) had an income &lt; $20 K. 16 (35%) were employed. 20 (44%) had diabetes. 22 (49%) received SNAP benefits. Mean BMI was 30.4 ± 1.6 with 41% &gt; 30. There were no differences between clinics. CKD pts had higher creatinine (2.01 ± 0.39 vs 0.85 ± 0.05) and lower albumin (3.92 ± 0.12 vs 4.32 ± 0.09, P = 0.012). CKD pts had more positive attitude towards plant-based eating (PBE-score 2.57 ± 0.1 vs 2.21 ± 0.13, P &lt; 0.05), and ate more cholesterol (411.6 ± 65.2 vs 248.7 ± 30.3, P = 0.031), fatty seafood (1.41 ± 0.54 vs 0.17 ± 0.1, P = 0.034) and eggs (1.05 ± 0.27 vs 0.42 ± 0.16, P = 0.048) and drank more fluid (2499.0 ± 335.6 vs 1367.9 ± 167.1, P = 0.005) than FM pts. Protein, carbohydrate intake and total calories were similar and fruit and vegetable intake was low (1.33 ± 0.3 and 1.34 ± 0.19 respectively). PBE-score did not correlate with dietary intake and serum cholesterol did not differ (184.3 ± 9.4 vs 170.2 ± 8.0, P = NS). Conclusions In our population: 1. Pts with CKD had a more positive attitude towards plant-based eating and were more likely to believe they could eat more plant-based. 2. CKD pts ate more cholesterol with higher intake of eggs and fatty seafood, and drank more fluid. 3.Vegetable intake was poor and there was no difference between the groups. 4. The positive attitude of CKD pts towards plant-based eating and our indigent population as a whole suggests that education could be successful and should be explored further as our population as a whole has a high prevalence of CKD, obesity and diabetes. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Validating The Düsseldorf Orthorexie Scale (DOS) For Use In Adolescents Aged 14–17

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
Elizabeth King ◽  
Heidi Wengreen ◽  
April Litchford ◽  
Caitlyn Bailey ◽  
Chante Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Key Words ◽  
School Health ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Dos Scale

Abstract Objectives To determine the face validity of the survey instrument, Düsseldorf Orthorexie Scale (DOS), in adolescents aged 14–17 years. The DOS has been validated for use in adults to identify individuals at-risk for symptoms and behaviors consistent with the condition of Orthorexia Nervosa (ON). This condition is characterized by a pathological obsession with healthy or “clean” eating which leads to psychological and physical impairment. Methods Researchers conducted seven focus groups with male and female students currently enrolled in a high school health class (n = 40; 11 males, 29 females aged 14–17). Participants first completed the DOS scale and then were asked to participate in a group discussion regarding their understanding of the meaning of the questions in the DOS survey. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify recurring themes. Codes for each of the 10 questions in the DOS scale were analyzed to determine group understanding of key words identified for each question. Results Key words in the original DOS survey questions were in agreement with the codes identified from the transcript of the focus groups for eight of the 10 DOS survey questions. The key words in the other two questions (indulgence in question one and colleague in question seven) were either not understood by focus group population or would need to be altered due to incorrect or inadequate understanding by focus group participants. 38 participants completed the DOS (M = 18.5, SD = 4.88). 7.9% of participants DOS responses indicated they were at moderate (n = 2) or high (n = 1) risk of practicing orthorexic behavior. Conclusions The DOS scale demonstrated good face validity in an adolescent population and the modification of two questions may improve its face validity. Though our sample was small, results indicate that a sizeable proportion of adolescents may already be practicing orthorexic behaviors. This demonstrates a need for further research to be conducted on effective prevention and intervention strategies for this age group. Funding Sources The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Using Research to Understand Youth in High-Risk Urban Communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Megan Yarmuth ◽  
Jennifer Patterson ◽  
Tessa Burton ◽  
Caitlin Douglas ◽  
Trish Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Risk Youth

Research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that nearly 1.5 million high school students a year are affected by dating violence and that youth who are physically hurt by a boyfriend/girlfriend are more likely to report binge drinking, suicide attempts, and other harmful behaviors. Dating violence may be more prevalent in economically and socially disadvantaged communities, especially in urban areas. Targeting youth with prevention messages before they start dating may avert teen dating violence and subsequent adult intimate partner violence; however, there is a dearth of materials available for youth in high-risk urban communities. This article reports on secondary analyses of market research databases and other sources, as well as on primary research (e.g., focus groups) conducted with youth in high-risk urban communities. This research is exploratory in nature and is limited by the fact that the qualitative findings cannot be generalized to the overall population of high-risk youth. While the focus groups included youth from various races/ethnicities and geographical areas, CDC is aware that the study samples were not representative of the entire parent population in the United States. This exploratory research was conducted to inform the development of a communication campaign designed to reach youth in high-risk urban communities. Key findings for high-risk youth are provided across a variety of constructs including demographics, media and technology usage and impact, daily life and time spent in relationships, peer relationships, and attitudes and approaches to relationships. Implications for reaching this audience are discussed. These include reaching youth in urban settings and using approaches that focus on their peers, the Internet, cell phones, television, and music venues. Communication approaches that utilize print media or organized sports and other youth-oriented clubs and groups as channels to reach high-risk youth may be less impactful.

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