scholarly journals Child Growth During the First 1000 Days of Life in Lebanon: Sex of the Child Matters

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 958-958
Author(s):  
Rana Chehab ◽  
Michele Forman ◽  
Lara Nasreddine
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Council ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American University ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives The study examines the relation between sociodemographic, maternal, and child characteristics and sex-specific anthropometric status of children using a hierarchical conceptual framework. Methods A cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of mothers and children aged ≤5 years was conducted in Lebanon. This analysis focuses on children aged 4 months-2 years (n=406) stratified by child's sex. Multiple linear regression models were fitted for length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) applying a hierarchical conceptual framework with variables at distal, intermediate and proximal levels. Results Overall, means ± SD for LAZ, WAZ and WLZ were: −0.24 ± 1.4, 0.46 ± 1.1 and 0.75 ± 1.2 among boys and −0.08 ± 1.2, 0.41 ± 0.96 and 0.63 ± 1.0 among girls, respectively. At the distal level, maternal and paternal attainment of university degrees were respectively associated with higher LAZ (B: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.1, 1.5) and lower WLZ (B: −0.62, 95% CI: −1.2, −0.09) among boys. On the other hand, higher crowding index was associated with lower LAZ (B: −0.64, 95% CI: −1.14, −0.13) while maternal employment was associated with higher WAZ (B: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.67) among girls. At the intermediate level, higher maternal BMI was associated with lower LAZ (B: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.06, −0.00) and higher WLZ (B: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) among girls. Taller mothers were more likely to have boys and girls with higher LAZ (B: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09 for both) and girls with higher WAZ (B: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.05). Among the proximal factors, longer boys and girls at birth had higher WAZ (B: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.12 and B: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.092, respectively). Breastfeeding for 4 months or more was associated with lower WAZ (B: −0.54, 95% CI: −0.83, −0.24) and WLZ (B: −0.33, 95% CI: −0.62, −0.03) among girls. Conclusions Differentdistal, intermediate, and proximal factors were associated with sex-specific anthropometric indicators in Lebanon. Future research should account for sex differences using similar frameworks to inform interventions to improve child growth. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research and the American University of Beirut Research Board.

scholarly journals Television viewing and variations in energy intake in adults and children in the USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B Sisson ◽  
Stephanie T Broyles ◽  
Candace Robledo ◽  
Lindsay Boeckman ◽  
Misti Leyva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveExamine the association between energy intake and television (TV) viewing in Americans.DesignNationally representative, cross-sectional study of 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.SettingTotal energy intake was determined by two 24 h recalls. TV viewing was reported as low (≤1 h/d), middle (2–3 h/d), and high (≥4 h/d). Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyse TV viewing and energy intake, adjusted for BMI (percentile for children 2–18 years), age, ethnicity and physical activity.SubjectsPre-school children (2–5 years;n1369), school-age children (6–11 years;n1759), adolescents (12–18 years;n3233) and adults (≥19 years;n7850) in the USA.ResultsThere was a significant association between TV viewing and energy intake for adolescent girls (highv. low:β= 195·2,P= 0·03) and men (highv. low:β= −113·0,P= 0·02; middlev. low:β= −131·1,P= 0·0002). Mean adjusted energy intake for adolescent girls was 7801·0, 8088·5 and 8618·2 kJ/d for low, middle and high TV viewing, respectively. Mean adjusted energy intake for men was 9845·9, 9297·2 and 9372·8 kJ/d for low, middle and high TV viewing.ConclusionsTV viewing was associated with energy intake in US children and adults only in 12–18-year-old girls and men. For girls, the high TV viewing category consumed more energy daily (816·3 kJ (195 kcal)) than the low category. In men, the middle and high TV viewing categories consumed less energy daily (548·4 kJ (131 kcal) and 473·0 kJ (113 kcal), respectively) than the low category. Our findings support some, but not all previous research. Future research is needed to explore this complicated relationship with rigorous measures of energy intake and TV viewing.

To Work or Not to Work? Mothers of Children With ADHD

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. O’Brien ◽  
Elizabeth Sauber ◽  
Erica S. Merson ◽  
Andrea Chronis-Tuscano
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Buffering Hypothesis ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Many

Mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were studied with regard to employment status, workplace characteristics, and depressive symptoms. Self-complexity theory proposes that complex self-representations buffer against depression; however, maternal employment may challenge mothers’ ability to attend to the many needs of their children. Findings from our cross-sectional study of 176 mothers revealed that employed mothers reported fewer depressive symptoms than unemployed mothers and those employed part time, providing support for the self-complexity buffering hypothesis. Furthermore, low levels of parenting stress were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Implications are provided for career counseling and future research.

scholarly journals Association between dietary carotenoid intakes and the risk of asthma in adults: a cross sectional study of NHANES, 2007-2012

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yadan Wang ◽  
Weijie Li ◽  
Jie Du
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Dietary Carotenoid ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Background: In recent years, with the popularization of Western diet, the prevalence of asthma has continued to rise; Oxidative stress is thought to be an important mechanism of asthma. Carotenoids, as antioxidants, may reduce the risk of asthma, but previous studies have been controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary carotenoid intakes and asthma using data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.Methods: In this cross-section study, all the data were accessed from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. Asthma was defined by self -report questionnaires and the dietary carotenoids data were estimated from a 24-hour recall. Weighted multivariable linear regression models and the smooth curve fittings were applied to explore the association between total carotenoid intake, dietary carotenoid subgenera including (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein with zeaxanthin, and lycopene) and the risk of asthma. Results: The present study included a total of 13039 participants, 1784 of whom were defined as having current asthma. Intakes of all kinds of carotenoids were lower in those participants with current asthma. The odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals of dietary α-carotene, dietary β-carotene, dietary β-cryptoxanthin, total lutein with zeaxanthin, total lycopene and total carotenoid intake for individuals with current asthma after adjusting the confounders in Model 3 were 0.80(0.67-0.95), 0.65(0.55-0.77), 0.67(0.53-0.83), 0.70(0.56-0.87), 0.76(0.60-0.98) and 0.60(0.48-0.75) in the highest versus lowest quartile, respectively. The smooth curve fittings suggested a nonlinear relationship between total carotenoid intake and the risk of current asthma.Conclusions: Higher intake of a-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin, and total carotenoid were associated with lower odds of having current asthma in the U.S. adults.

scholarly journals Social Engagement and Episodic Memory in Non-Hispanic Black and White Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 343-343
Author(s):  
Abbey Hamlin ◽  
A Zarina Kraal ◽  
Laura Zahodne
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Social engagement may confer cognitive benefits in older adulthood, but studies have typically been restricted to largely non-Hispanic White (NHW) samples. Levels of social engagement vary across race such that NHW report larger social networks, more frequent participation in social activities, and greater social support than non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB). Associations between social engagement and cognition may also vary by race, but research is sparse. The current cross-sectional study examined associations between different aspects of social engagement and episodic memory performance, as well as interactions between social engagement and race among NHB and NHW participants in the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (N = 247; 48.4% NHB; age = 64.19 ± 2.92). Social engagement (network size, activities, support) was self-reported. Episodic memory was a z-score composite of immediate, delayed, and recognition trials of a list-learning task. Separate hierarchical linear regression models quantified interactions between race and each of the three social engagement variables on episodic memory, controlling for sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, and health conditions. Results showed a main effect of more frequent social activity on better episodic memory, as well as an interaction between race and social support indicating a significant positive association in NHB but not NHW. These preliminary findings suggest that participating in social activities may be equally beneficial for episodic memory across NHB and NHW older adults and that social support may be particularly beneficial for NHB. Future research is needed to determine the potential applications of these results in reducing cognitive inequalities through the development of culturally-relevant interventions.

scholarly journals Association of breastfeeding and risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in postmenopausal parous women: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (2010 ~ 2016)

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Understanding the relationship between breastfeeding (BF) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) is important for maternal long-term health benefits and disease prevention. This study aimed to examine the association between BF and Mets and its components among postmenopausal parous Korean women. Methods This cross-sectional study on 10,356 Korean women used nationally representative data from the KNHANES from 2010 to 2016. Anthropometric, laboratory data and manual BP were measured. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of BF with Mets and its components after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A p-value < 0.05 was to be considered statistically significant. Results Mets was present in 42% of the study participants. The BF group had low household income and education level. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group was higher than that in the non-BF group (42.69% vs. 34.76%, p <  0.001). BF was associated with increased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR]: 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.65, p <  0.001). The BF group was at higher risks for diabetes (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.14–1.98), hypertension (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.03–1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.02–1.99) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06–1.65). Conclusion In this study, BF did not affect decreasing the prevalence of Mets and its components.

scholarly journals Associations between multimorbidity and glycaemia (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes: cross-sectional study in Australian general practice

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039625
Author(s):  
Jason I Chiang ◽  
John Furler ◽  
Frances Mair ◽  
Bhautesh D Jani ◽  
Barbara I Nicholl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Australian General Practice

ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence of multimorbidity as well as individual and combinations of long-term conditions (LTCs) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) attending Australian general practice, using electronic health record (EHR) data. We also examine the association between multimorbidity condition count (total/concordant(T2D related)/discordant(unrelated)) and glycaemia (glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAustralian general practice.Participants69 718 people with T2D with a general practice encounter between 2013 and 2015 captured in the MedicineInsight database (EHR Data from 557 general practices and >3.8 million Australian patients).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of multimorbidity, individual and combinations of LTCs. Multivariable linear regression models used to examine associations between multimorbidity counts and HbA1c (%).ResultsMean (SD) age 66.42 (12.70) years, 46.1% female and mean (SD) HbA1c 7.1 (1.4)%. More than 90% of participants with T2D were living with multimorbidity. Discordant conditions were more prevalent (83.4%) than concordant conditions (69.9 %). The three most prevalent discordant conditions were: painful conditions (55.4%), dyspepsia (31.6%) and depression (22.8%). The three most prevalent concordant conditions were hypertension (61.4%), coronary heart disease (17.1%) and chronic kidney disease (8.5%). The three most common combinations of conditions were: painful conditions and hypertension (38.8%), painful conditions and dyspepsia (23.1%) and hypertension and dyspepsia (22.7%). We found no associations between any multimorbidity counts (total, concordant and discordant) or combinations and HbA1c.ConclusionsMultimorbidity was common in our cohort of people with T2D attending Australian general practice, but was not associated with glycaemia. Although we did not explore mortality in this study, our results suggest that the increased mortality in those with multimorbidity and T2D observed in other studies may not be linked to glycaemia. Interestingly, discordant conditions were more prevalent than concordant conditions with painful conditions being the second most common comorbidity. Better understanding of the implications of different patterns of multimorbidity in people with T2D will allow more effective tailored care.

scholarly journals Women’s perceptions of factors influencing their food shopping choices and how supermarkets can support them to make healthier choices

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Dhuria ◽  
Wendy Lawrence ◽  
Sarah Crozier ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Janis Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Food Shopping ◽  
Women’S Perceptions

Abstract Objectives To examine women’s perceptions of factors that influence their food shopping choices, particularly in relation to store layout, and their views on ways that supermarkets could support healthier choices. Design This qualitative cross-sectional study used semi-structured telephone interviews to ask participants the reasons for their choice of supermarket and factors in-store that prompted their food selections. The actions supermarkets, governments and customers could take to encourage healthier food choices were explored with women. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes. Setting Six supermarkets across England. Participants Twenty women customers aged 18–45 years. Results Participants had a median age of 39.5 years (IQR: 35.1, 42.3), a median weekly grocery spend of £70 (IQR: 50, 88), and 44% had left school aged 16 years. Women reported that achieving value for money, feeling hungry, tired, or stressed, and meeting family members’ food preferences influenced their food shopping choices. The physical environment was important, including product quality and variety, plus ease of accessing the store or products in-store. Many participants described how they made unintended food selections as a result of prominent placement of unhealthy products in supermarkets, even if they adopted more conscious approaches to food shopping (i.e. written or mental lists). Participants described healthy eating as a personal responsibility, but some stated that governments and supermarkets could be more supportive. Conclusions This study highlighted that in-store environments can undermine intentions to purchase and consume healthy foods. Creating healthier supermarket environments could reduce the burden of personal responsibility for healthy eating, by making healthier choices easier. Future research could explore the interplay of personal, societal and commercial responsibility for food choices and health status.

scholarly journals Mood and Metabolic Health Status of Elderly Osteoporotic Patients in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Nationally Representative Sample

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Hyen Chul Jo ◽  
Gu-Hee Jung ◽  
Seong-Ho Ok ◽  
Ji Eun Park ◽  
Jong Chul Baek
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

This study aimed to investigate the association between osteoporosis and comorbidity, which are very common in Korea, and develop a treatment strategy to improve bone health based on the findings of the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (KNHANES). This study was based on data obtained from 4060 subjects (1755 males, 2305 females) aged above 60 years in the KNHANES (2016–2017). Well-trained medical staff performed the standard procedures and measured several variables including height, weight, and waist circumference. Interviews and laboratory tests were based on the diagnosis of hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), osteoporosis, and depression. Comorbidities were defined as a self-reported physician diagnosis. The association of osteoporosis with depression and metabolic disease was assessed statistically using the complex sample analysis method of SPSS. The presence of osteoporosis, dyslipidemia, T2DM, hyperuricemia, obesity, abdominal obesity, and depression was 6.1 ± 0.5%, 15.2 ± 0.7%, 6.5 ± 0.4%, 13.4 ± 0.7%, 30.8 ± 0.8%, 19.4 ± 0.9%, 4.0 ± 0.2%, respectively. After adjusted by age, osteoporotic subjects were significance in the presence of abdominal obesity (p = 0.024, OR 0.80), hyperuricemia (p = 0.013, OR 0.68), dyslipidemia (p < 0.001, OR 1.84), and depression (p < 0.001, OR 2.56), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed dyslipidemia (female subjects, p < 0.001, OR 1.04; male subjects, p = 0.94, OR 1.09) and depression (female subjects, p < 0.001, OR 1.76; male subjects, p = 0.51, OR 0.62) were associated with osteoporotic female subjects but not in male subjects. The comorbidity of dyslipidemia and depression in female subjects was associated with osteoporosis and an odds ratio was 13.33 (95% CI: 8.58–20.71) (p < 0.001). The comorbidity of abdominal obesity (female subjects, p = 0.75, OR 0.97; male subjects, p = 0.94, OR 1.02) and hyperuricemia (female subjects, p = 0.27, OR 0.81; male subjects p = 0.07, OR 0.35) was not associated with osteoporosis in both Subgroup. The result of this study shows a strong dependency of comorbidity with dyslipidemia and depression in elderly women with osteoporosis. Therefore, efforts to improve dyslipidemia and depression might prevent compromised bone health.

scholarly journals Starchy Vegetables and Metabolic Syndrome in Costa Rica

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Zhongyao Li ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez ◽  
Karen E. Peterson ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Only a few studies primarily examined the associations between starchy vegetables (other than potatoes) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to evaluate the association between starchy vegetables consumption and MetS in a population-based sample of Costa Rican adults. We hypothesized that a higher overall intake of starchy vegetables would not be associated with higher MetS prevalence. In this cross-sectional study, log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) of MetS across quintiles of total, unhealthy, healthy starchy vegetables, and individual starchy vegetables (potatoes, purple sweet potatoes, etc.), among 1881 Costa Rican adults. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from linear regression models were estimated for each MetS component by categories of starchy vegetable variables. Higher intakes of starchy vegetables were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS in crude models, but no significant trends were observed after adjusting for confounders. A significant inverse association was observed between total starchy and healthy starchy vegetables consumption and fasting blood glucose. In this population, starchy vegetables might be part of a healthy dietary pattern.

scholarly journals Self-rated health among undocumented and newly regularized migrants in Geneva: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Fakhoury ◽  
Claudine Burton-Jeangros ◽  
Idris Guessous ◽  
Liala Consoli ◽  
Aline Duvoisin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Residence Permit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract Background In Europe, knowledge about the social determinants of health among undocumented migrants is scarce. The canton of Geneva, Switzerland, implemented in 2017–2018 a pilot public policy aiming at regularizing undocumented migrants. We sought to test for associations between self-rated health, proven eligibility for residence status regularization and social and economic integration. Methods This paper reports data from the first wave of the Parchemins Study, a prospective study whose aim is to investigate the effect of residence status regularization on undocumented migrants’ living conditions and health. The convenience sample included undocumented migrants living in Geneva for at least 3 years. We categorized them into those who were in the process of receiving or had just been granted a residence permit (eligible or newly regularized) and those who had not applied or were ineligible for regularization (undocumented). We conducted multivariate regression analyses to determine factors associated with better self-rated health, i.e., with excellent/very good vs. good/fair/poor self-rated health. Among these factors, measures of integration, social support and economic resources were included. Results Of the 437 participants, 202 (46%) belonged to the eligible or newly regularized group. This group reported better health more frequently than the undocumented group (44.6% versus 28.9%, p-value < .001), but the association was no longer significant after adjustment for social support and economic factors (odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–1.87). Overall, better health was associated with larger social networks (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.04–2.64). This association remained significant even after adjusting for health-related variables. Conclusion At the onset of the regularization program, access to regularization was not associated with better self-rated health. Policies aiming at favouring undocumented migrants’ inclusion and engagement in social networks may promote better health. Future research should investigate long-term effects of residence status regularization on self-rated health.

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