Associations Between Data Driven Dietary Patterns at Age 71 and the Prevalence of Sarcopenia 16 Years Later: A Cohort Study

Abstract Objectives Unlike physical activity, the role of diet in sarcopenia is unclear, and studies have predominantly focused on effects of single nutrients. Therefore, we assessed the associations between adherences to data driven dietary patterns (DPs), and the prevalence of sarcopenia (and its constituents) 16 years later. Methods Four DPs were defined using principal component analysis based on information from a 7-day food record retrieved from 1133 men (average age 71 years) in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. Associations of each DP with sarcopenia 16 years later (defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; EWGSOP2) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression (n = 257). Associations of each DP with muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance 16 years later were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. We applied two models when adjusting for potential confounders: one unadjusted for potential confounders and one adjusted for age at baseline, follow-up period, reported energy intake at baseline, education, physical activity level at baseline, smoking, morbidity at baseline and BMI at baseline. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia at follow-up was 19% (50/257). Associations were largely non-linear and DPs were categorized into low, medium and high adherence. Compared to low adherence, medium and high adherence to DP2 (i.e., vegetables, green salad, fruit, poultry, rice and pasta) was associated with lower odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia; adjusted ORs: 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.98) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.17–0.94), respectively. There was a tendency that a higher adherence to a DP mainly characterized by a consumption of potato, meat and egg, and low consumption of fermented milk (DP4) was associated with higher prevalence of sarcopenia (low vs high adherences; adjusted OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 0.67 - 3.87). The other DPs displayed no clear associations. The analyses of DPs in relation to the individual sarcopenia constituents indicated no clear associations. Conclusions Dietary patterns may be a contributing modifiable cause of sarcopenia. Funding Sources The Uppsala Geriatric Foundation and the Region Örebro County supported this work.

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A posteriori Dietary Patterns in 71-year old Swedish Men and the Prevalence of Sarcopenia 16 Years Later

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521003901 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Mikael Karlsson ◽

Wulf Becker ◽

Tommy Cederholm ◽

Liisa Byberg

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

A Posteriori ◽

High Intake ◽

Adult Men ◽

High Consumption ◽

European Working ◽

Old Swedish

Abstract The role of diet in sarcopenia is unclear and results from studies using dietary patterns (DPs) are inconsistent. We assessed how adherences to a posteriori DPs are associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia and its components 16 years later. Four DPs were defined in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men at baseline (n= 1133, average age 71 years). Among 257 men with information at follow-up, 19% (n=50) had sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 2 definition. Adherence to DP2 (mainly characterized by high intake of vegetables, green salad, fruit, poultry, rice and pasta) was non-linearly associated with sarcopenia; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for medium and high vs low adherence: 0.41 (0.17-0.98) and 0.40 (0.17-0.94). The OR per standard deviation (SD) higher adherence to DP2 was 0.70 (0.48 - 1.03). Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for 1 SD higher adherence to DP1 (mainly characterized by high consumption of milk and cereals), DP3 (mainly characterized by high consumption of bread, cheese, marmalade, jam and sugar) and DP4 (mainly characterized by high consumption of potatoes, meat and egg, and low consumption of fermented milk) were 1.04 (0.74 - 1.46), 1.19 (0.71 - 2.00) and 1.08 (0.77 - 1.53), respectively. There were no clear associations between adherence to the DPs and muscle strength, muscle mass, physical performance or sarcopenia using EWGSOP1 (sarcopenia n=54). Our results indicate that diet may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia in old Swedish men.

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Prediction of physical activity level in adulthood by physical characteristics, physical performance and physical activity in adolescence: an 11-year follow-up study

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology ◽

10.1007/bf00239871 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 530-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

B. Glenmark ◽

G. Hedberg ◽

E. Jansson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Activity Level ◽

Follow Up Study

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The risk of venous thromboembolism and physical activity level, especially high level: a systematic review

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis ◽

10.1007/s11239-020-02372-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

H. Danin-Mankowitz ◽

A. Ugarph-Morawski ◽

F. Braunschweig ◽

P. Wändell

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Activity Level ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

The Third ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular disease. Connection between high level of physical activity (PA) and the onset of VTE is unknown. We searched the literature on the possible association between PA level, especially high levels, and the risk of VTE. A systematic review was carried out to identify relevant articles on the relation between PA level and VTE. The initial search was conducted together with the Karolinska Institutet University Library in February 2018, with follow-up searches after that. In total, 4383 records were found and then screened for exclusion of duplicates and articles outside the area of interest. In total, 16 articles with data on 3 or more levels of PA were included. Of these, 12 were cohort and 4 were case-control studies. Totally 13 studies aimed at investigating VTE cases primarily, while three studies had other primary outcomes. Of the 16 studies, five found a U-shaped association between PA level and VTE risk, although non-significant in three of them. Two articles described an association between a more intense physical activity and a higher risk of VTE, which was significant in one. Nine studies found associations between increasing PA levels and a decreasing VTE risk. Available literature provides diverging results as to the association between high levels of PA and the risk of venous thromboembolism, but with several studies showing an association. Further research is warranted to clarify the relationship between high level PA and VTE.

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The impact of supervised exercise intervention on short-term postprogram leisure time physical activity level in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: 1- and 3-month follow-up on the body & cancer project

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s1478951506060044 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 25-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

JULIE MIDTGAARD ◽

ANDERS TVETERÅS ◽

MIKAEL RØRTH ◽

REINHARD STELTER ◽

LIS ADAMSEN

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Exercise Adherence ◽

The Body ◽

Activity Level ◽

Supervised Exercise ◽

Cancer Project

Background:Exercise is becoming an important component of cancer rehabilitation programs. A consistent finding across studies is that patients experience improved physical fitness and reduced fatigue. However, sustained physical activity is essential if the benefits are to be preserved over the course of cancer survivorship.Objective:This study examined self-reported short-term exercise adherence following a 6-week, supervised exercise program (muscle strength, cardiovascular fitness, relaxation, body awareness, and massage) in a heterogeneous group of 61 cancer patients (mean age 42.9 years, 82% oncological and 18% haematological) from the Body & Cancer Project.Methods:Semistructured interviews were used to quantitatively assess leisure time physical activity level 1 and 3 months after completion of the program. The study furthermore included 3-month follow-up assessment of psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—HADS). Patient statements were selected that best illustrated trends found in the statistical material.Results:There was a significant postprogram reduction in physical activity from 6 to 10 weeks and from 6 to 18 weeks. However, the patients (half of whom were still undergoing treatment at the time of follow-up) reported a higher physical activity level postprogram compared to their baseline levels. The analyses showed a positive association between the 3-month postprogram physical activity level and pre-illness physical activity level, treatment, and postprogram changes in depression.Significance of research:Given the significant decrease in postprogram PA level, especially in subjects still undergoing cancer treatment, the study suggests that continuous supervised programs may be required in order to encourage and support exercise adherence in this population. However, randomized clinical controlled trials and more follow-up studies are needed to establish the optimal program length and content for sustained exercise adherence in cancer patients.

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Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10070898 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 898 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Antonella Agodi ◽

Andrea Maugeri ◽

Sarka Kunzova ◽

Ondrej Sochor ◽

Hana Bauerova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

High Adherence

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25–65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

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Oxidative Stress Risk Is Increased with a Sedentary Lifestyle during Aging in Mexican Women

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/9971765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽

Mariano Zacarías-Flores ◽

Elsa Correa-Muñoz ◽

Alicia Arronte-Rosales ◽

Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Aging Process ◽

Sedentary Lifestyle ◽

Principal Component ◽

Poisson Model ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mexican Women ◽

The Difference

Oxidative stress (OS) increases during the human aging process, and the sedentary lifestyle could be a prooxidant factor. In this study, we determine the effect of sedentary lifestyle on OS during the aging process in Mexican women. A longitudinal study of two-year follow-up was carried out with 177 community-dwelling women (40-69 y) from Mexico City. We measured as OS markers plasma malondialdehyde, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), total plasma antioxidant status, uric acid level, antioxidant gap, and SOD/GPx ratio. To define OS using all the markers, we defined cut-off values of each parameter based on the 90th percentile of young healthy subjects and, we calculated a stress score (SS) ranging from 0 to 7, which represented the intensity of the marker modifications. All the women answered a structured questionnaire about prooxidant factors, including physical activity specially the type of activity, frequency, and duration, and they answered Spanish versions of self-assessment tests for establishing dysthymia and insomnia as potential confounders. Principal component and Poisson regression analysis were used as statistical tools, being two-year OS the primary outcome. The OS was considerate as SS ≥ 4 and sedentary lifestyle as <30 min/day of physical activity, beside several prooxidant factors and age that were covariables. SS is higher in sedentary lifestyle women after the two-year follow-up; although, the difference was statistically significant only in older women. Four principal components were associated with the OS, and 7 out of 8 prooxidant factors were important for the analysis, which were included in the Poisson model. The predictive factors for OS were the sedentary lifestyle (adjusted PR = 2.37, CI95%: 1.30–4.30, p < 0.01 ), and age, in which the risk increases 1.06 (CI95%:1.02–2.11, p < 0.01 ) by each year of age. Our findings suggest that a sedentary lifestyle increases the OS during the aging in Mexican women.

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Abstract P281: All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Men With High Levels of Physical Activity and Coronary Artery Calcification

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p281 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura F Defina ◽

Nina B Radford ◽

David Leonard ◽

Stephen W Farrell ◽

Andjelka Pavlovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Activity Level ◽

Mortality Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

All Cause Mortality

Introduction: Recent studies have suggested that extreme levels of physical activity (endurance athletes) are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis as well as increased mortality. The safety of continuing high levels of physical activity is uncertain once coronary artery calcification (CAC) is discovered. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that men performing &ge3000 MET·minutes/week of physical activity would have greater all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality compared to those with &lt1500 or 1500-&lt3000 MET·minutes/week of physical activity and that mortality risk would be greater in those with CAC&ge100 compared to &lt100 Agatston units. Methods: The cohort studied included 16,109 men without prevalent CV disease who reported physical activity levels and underwent EBT or MDCT scan. Physical activity was categorized into &ge3000 (n=1,266), 1500-3000 (n=3,027), and &lt1500 (n=11,816) MET·minutes/week. CAC scanning included EBT scans (1997-2007) or MDCT scans (2007-2013), and CAC score was categorized into &ge100 (n=3,547) and &lt100 (n=12,562) Agatston units. We fit separate proportional hazards regression models to follow-up times for all-cause and CV mortality. The models included all combinations of CAC and physical activity categories and were adjusted for baseline age, smoking, BMI, cholesterol, HDLc, and systolic blood pressure. Results: The average age of participants at baseline was 51.3±8.3 years. Men with the highest activity level had a lower BMI and higher HDLc. After an average follow-up of 8.9 years, there were 329 all-cause and 60 CV deaths, including 174 all-cause and 38 CV deaths in those with CAC&ge100. The sample had 80% power to detect all-cause mortality hazard ratios &ge 1.9 and 1.8 for physical activity &ge3000 versus &lt1500 in those with CAC&lt100 and &ge100, respectively. The corresponding minimum detectable CV mortality hazard ratios were 3.5 and 2.8. Comparing physical activity &ge3000 to &lt1500 in those with CAC&ge100, the hazard ratios (95% CI) were 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) for all-cause mortality and 0.9 (0.3, 3.1) for CV mortality. Hazard ratios were similar when comparing physical activity &ge3000 to 1500-&lt3000 in those with CAC &ge100. Finally, when comparing physical activity categories, there was no evidence that hazard ratios varied by CAC category, p&gt0.7. Conclusions: This sample offers no evidence that levels of activity &ge3000 MET·minutes/week are associated with increased all-cause or CV mortality compared to those with &lt1500 or 1500- &lt3000 MET·minutes/week, regardless of CAC level.

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Padrões alimentares e nível de atividade física em adolescentes escolares / Dietary patterns and physical activity level in school adolescents

Ciência Cuidado e Saúde ◽

10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v16i2.33373 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Joseane Pazzini Eckhardt ◽

Ligia Beatriz Bento Franz ◽

Maristela Borin Busnello ◽

Iara Denise Endruweir Battisti ◽

Eva Teresinha de Oliveira Boff

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Activity Level ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Estudo transversal e analítico que identificou estado nutricional, padrões alimentares e nível de atividade física em 276 adolescentes, com idade de 14 a 17 anos. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo Índice de Massa Corporal e a medida da Circunferência da Cintura. Para avaliar o consumo e as práticas alimentares, foi aplicado um questionário adaptado da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, de 2009. O nível de atividade física foi classificado de acordo com o International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Encontravam-se eutróficos 89,9% desta população e 27,2% apresentavam risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Foram identificados quatro padrões alimentares: saudável; ultraprocessado; cafeteria; ambiente escolar. Pertenciam ao padrão saudável 62,5% dos adolescentes com excesso de massa corporal e 56,2% dos adolescentes com risco cardiovascular. A maioria encontrava-se no nível de atividade física, que oferece menor risco para doenças cardiovasculares, independente dos padrões alimentares. Contudo, dados fornecidos na construção dos padrões alimentares e de inatividade reforçam a percepção de que esta população pode estar suscetível a doenças cardiovasculares na idade adulta, se mantiver as práticas atuais.

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Changes in Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Subsequent Sickness Absence Due to Any Cause, Musculoskeletal, and Mental Causes

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2015-0442 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 867-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ansku Holstila ◽

Ossi Rahkonen ◽

Eero Lahelma ◽

Jouni Lahti

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sickness Absence ◽

Social Insurance ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Response Rate ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Middle Aged

Background:The association between changes in physical activity and sickness absence is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the association between changes in leisure-time physical activity and long-term sickness absence due to any cause and musculoskeletal and mental causes.Methods:We measured physical activity at baseline in 2000–2002 (response rate 67%) and at follow-up in 2007 (response rate 83%) among middle-aged employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. The survey data were linked to the Finnish Social Insurance Institute’s register data on sickness benefit periods > 9 days, including diagnoses (ICD-10; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision) (mean follow-up 2.3 years). We used a negative binomial model to calculate rate ratios. The analyses included 4010 respondents (81% women).Results:Those who were persistently vigorously active and those whose physical activity level changed from low to moderate or vigorous, from moderate to vigorous, or from vigorous to moderate were at lower risk for sickness absence than were the persistently low-activity group. For sickness absence due to musculoskeletal causes, vigorous activity showed stronger associations, whereas mental causes showed no such associations.Conclusions:To reduce sickness absence due to both musculoskeletal and mental causes, middle-aged and aging employees should be encouraged to engage in physical activity.

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The Relationship among Television Watching, Physical Activity, and Body Composition of 5- or 6-Year-Old Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.8.1.15 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 15-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Robert H. DuRant ◽

William O. Thompson ◽

Maribeth Johnson ◽

Tom Baranowski

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Rating Scale ◽

The Body ◽

Activity Level ◽

Television Watching ◽

Activity Rating ◽

The Relationship

This follow-up investigation examined the relationship among observed time of television watching, physical activity, and body composition in 5- to 6-year-old children previously studied 2 years ago. Activity level on school and nonschool days was measured with the Children’s Activity Rating Scale. Television watching time was assessed by direct observation, and body composition was measured with the body mass index, skinfold thicknesses, and waist/hip ratio. Television watching behavior, which increased from the earlier study, was not associated with body composition. Physical activity was lower during television watching than nontelevision watching time.

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