scholarly journals A posteriori Dietary Patterns in 71-year old Swedish Men and the Prevalence of Sarcopenia 16 Years Later

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Mikael Karlsson ◽  
Wulf Becker ◽  
Tommy Cederholm ◽  
Liisa Byberg
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
European Working ◽  
Old Swedish

Abstract The role of diet in sarcopenia is unclear and results from studies using dietary patterns (DPs) are inconsistent. We assessed how adherences to a posteriori DPs are associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia and its components 16 years later. Four DPs were defined in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men at baseline (n= 1133, average age 71 years). Among 257 men with information at follow-up, 19% (n=50) had sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) 2 definition. Adherence to DP2 (mainly characterized by high intake of vegetables, green salad, fruit, poultry, rice and pasta) was non-linearly associated with sarcopenia; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for medium and high vs low adherence: 0.41 (0.17-0.98) and 0.40 (0.17-0.94). The OR per standard deviation (SD) higher adherence to DP2 was 0.70 (0.48 - 1.03). Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for 1 SD higher adherence to DP1 (mainly characterized by high consumption of milk and cereals), DP3 (mainly characterized by high consumption of bread, cheese, marmalade, jam and sugar) and DP4 (mainly characterized by high consumption of potatoes, meat and egg, and low consumption of fermented milk) were 1.04 (0.74 - 1.46), 1.19 (0.71 - 2.00) and 1.08 (0.77 - 1.53), respectively. There were no clear associations between adherence to the DPs and muscle strength, muscle mass, physical performance or sarcopenia using EWGSOP1 (sarcopenia n=54). Our results indicate that diet may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia in old Swedish men.

scholarly journals Associations Between Data Driven Dietary Patterns at Age 71 and the Prevalence of Sarcopenia 16 Years Later: A Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 421-421
Author(s):  
Mikael Karlsson ◽  
Wulf Becker ◽  
Tommy Cederholm ◽  
Liisa Byberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Food Record ◽  
European Working ◽  
High Adherence

Abstract Objectives Unlike physical activity, the role of diet in sarcopenia is unclear, and studies have predominantly focused on effects of single nutrients. Therefore, we assessed the associations between adherences to data driven dietary patterns (DPs), and the prevalence of sarcopenia (and its constituents) 16 years later. Methods Four DPs were defined using principal component analysis based on information from a 7-day food record retrieved from 1133 men (average age 71 years) in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. Associations of each DP with sarcopenia 16 years later (defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; EWGSOP2) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression (n = 257). Associations of each DP with muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance 16 years later were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. We applied two models when adjusting for potential confounders: one unadjusted for potential confounders and one adjusted for age at baseline, follow-up period, reported energy intake at baseline, education, physical activity level at baseline, smoking, morbidity at baseline and BMI at baseline. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia at follow-up was 19% (50/257). Associations were largely non-linear and DPs were categorized into low, medium and high adherence. Compared to low adherence, medium and high adherence to DP2 (i.e., vegetables, green salad, fruit, poultry, rice and pasta) was associated with lower odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia; adjusted ORs: 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.98) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.17–0.94), respectively. There was a tendency that a higher adherence to a DP mainly characterized by a consumption of potato, meat and egg, and low consumption of fermented milk (DP4) was associated with higher prevalence of sarcopenia (low vs high adherences; adjusted OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 0.67 - 3.87). The other DPs displayed no clear associations. The analyses of DPs in relation to the individual sarcopenia constituents indicated no clear associations. Conclusions Dietary patterns may be a contributing modifiable cause of sarcopenia. Funding Sources The Uppsala Geriatric Foundation and the Region Örebro County supported this work.

A priori and a posteriori derived dietary patterns in infancy and cardiometabolic health in childhood: The role of body composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T.M. Leermakers ◽  
Edith H. van den Hooven ◽  
Oscar H. Franco ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ◽  
Henriëtte A. Moll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
A Posteriori

Abstract P515: Comparison of Dietary Measures Association With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Tison ◽  
April P Carson ◽  
James M Shikany ◽  
Keith Pearson ◽  
George Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Diet Score

Background: Previous studies have investigated the association of dietary patterns with risk of diabetes, but have not compared a priori and a posteriori dietary scores in the same diverse population. The objective of this study was to evaluate a priori and a posteriori dietary patterns associations with incident diabetes in the REGARDS study. Methods: This study included 8,875 Black and White adults with available dietary data, without diabetes (defined as fasting glucose>=126 mg/dL, random glucose>=200 mg/dL, or use of diabetes medications) at baseline (2003-2007), and with follow-up (2013-2016) status of diabetes. Dietary patterns were examined by quintile and included a posteriori Plant-based and Southern, as well as a priori scores of Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Score, Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS). Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain risk ratios for incident diabetes with models adjusted for total energy intake, demographics, and lifestyle factors. Results: The mean (SD) age at baseline was 63.2 (8.5) years, 27.1% were Black, 56.2% were female, and 11.7% had incident diabetes at follow-up. Adherence to the Southern dietary pattern was positively associated with incident diabetes for all models (figure). After adjustment for demographic factors, the highest quintiles of DII and DIS were associated with incident diabetes and the highest quintiles of DASH scores were protective of development of incident diabetes. Conclusion: The Southern dietary pattern derived in REGARDS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes of all the dietary scores and of the a priori scores the DIS showed the strongest association with incident diabetes. The lack of association in adjusted models with the Mediterranean Diet and Plant-based pattern show these scores to be less pertinent. The DIS demonstrates food based dietary inflammation as one of the potential pathways for incident diabetes.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns in Relation to Prospective Sleep Duration and Timing among Mexico City Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica C. Jansen ◽  
Ana Baylin ◽  
Alejandra Cantoral ◽  
Martha María Téllez Rojo ◽  
Helen J. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Timing Difference ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Prior Analysis

Adult studies show that healthy diet patterns relate to better sleep. However, evidence during adolescence, when sleep may change dramatically, is lacking. Within a cohort of 458 Mexican adolescents, we examined whether consumption of three dietary patterns was associated with sleep duration and timing measured 2 years later, as well as changes in sleep timing and duration. Dietary patterns (identified a posteriori in a prior analysis) were assessed with a baseline food frequency questionnaire, and sleep was measured with wrist actigraphy at baseline and follow-up. Linear regression analyses adjusting for sex, age, screen time, and smoking were conducted. Adolescents with higher consumption of a Plant-Based and Lean Proteins pattern had earlier sleep timing (−0.45 h with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) −0.81, −0.08 in the highest compared to lowest quartiles), less of a phase delay in sleep timing over follow-up (−0.39 h with 95% CI −0.80, 0.02), and shorter weekend sleep duration (0.5 h with 95% CI −0.88, −0.1). Higher consumption of an Eggs, Milk and Refined Grain pattern was associated with earlier sleep timing (−0.40 h with 95% CI −0.77, −0.04), while consumption of a Meat and Starchy pattern was related to higher social jetlag (weekend–weekday sleep timing difference). Healthier diet patterns may promote better sleep in adolescents.

Shifting Dietary Patterns Contribute to the Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome among Urban Affluent Men in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Prajakta Parab-Waingankar ◽  
Shobha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Diet Pattern

The pertinent role of diet in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) is evident among studies from developed countries, however scarce data is available from India that has a culturally unique diet pattern. Data on socio-economic background, dietary patterns, BMI, body fat, circumferences, skin folds and blood pressure were recorded on 302 affluent men (30-60 years) in a cross-sectional study in Pune, India. Fasting blood estimations were performed for glucose, insulin and lipids. The subjects were predominantly (70%) vegetarians with daily butter consumption at 50%, high consumption (> 4 times / week) of milk at 60.5% and > 2 times / week for milk products (36%), home-made fried snacks (35%), outside snacks (25.5%) and outside meals (32.2%). High consumption of home-made fried and sweet snacks, outside snacks and milk products showed significantly higher (p once/week) as compared to consumption of once or less per month, even after adjusting for BMI. It was thus evident that consuming foods high in unhealthy fats and sugar (> 2 times/week) increased the risk for both abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adulthood. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Mikkilä ◽  
Leena Räsänen ◽  
Olli T. Raitakari ◽  
Jukka Marniemi ◽  
Pirjo Pietinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Young Finns Study

Studies on the impact of single nutrients on the risk of CVD have often given inconclusive results. Recent research on dietary patterns has offered promising information on the effects of diet as a whole on the risk of CVD. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is an ongoing, prospective cohort study with a 21-year follow-up to date. The subjects were children and adolescents at baseline (3–18 years,n1768) and adults at the latest follow-up study (24–39 years,n1037). We investigated the associations between two major dietary patterns and several risk factors for CVD. In longitudinal analyses with repeated measurements, using multivariate mixed linear regression models, the traditional dietary pattern (characterised by high consumption of rye, potatoes, butter, sausages, milk and coffee) was independently associated with total and LDL cholesterol concentrations, apolipoprotein B and C-reactive protein concentrations among both genders, and also with systolic blood pressure and insulin levels among women and concentrations of homocysteine among men (P < 0·05 for all). A dietary pattern reflecting more health-conscious food choices (such as high consumption of vegetables, legumes and nuts, tea, rye, cheese and other dairy products, and alcoholic beverages) was inversely, but less strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Our results support earlier findings that dietary patterns have a role in the development of CVD.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Diet Protects the Renal Function in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 562-562
Author(s):  
Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽  
Ana Bayan-Bravo ◽  
Carolina Donat-Vargas ◽  
Jimena Rey-Garcia ◽  
Jose Ramon Banegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Objectives It is not clear if the adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with changes in kidney function. The aim of this study is to assess the prospective association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and renal function decline. Methods Prospective cohort study of 975 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older who were recruited during 2008–10 in Spain, and followed up to December, 2015. At baseline, food consumption was obtained with a validated, computerized face-to-face diet history. The “a priori” adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS score: low adherence 0–5 points, moderate adherence 6–8 points, high adherence 9–14 points). To identify “a posteriori” dietary patterns, 880 foods were categorized into 36 different groups according to similarities in their nutritional profile. Factor analysis (principal components analysis) was applied to generate independent dietary patterns. At baseline and at the end of follow-up, serum creatinine (SC) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels were ascertained and changes were calculated. Two end-points were considered: SC increase and GFR decrease beyond that expected for age. Logistic regression models were built and adjusted for prevalent and incident cardiovascular risk factors. Results At the end of follow-up 150 cases of SC increase and 146 cases of GFR decrease occurred. The fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) of SC increase were 0.75 (0.49–1.15) for participants with a moderate adherence to the MEDAS score, and 0.58 (0.36–0.95) for those with a high adherence, when comparing to participants with a low adherence; (p-trend: 0.026). Results for GFR decrease had the same direction (p-trend: 0.049). The fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) of SC increase according to increasing quartiles of adherence to an “a posteriori” Mediterranean-like dietary pattern were 1.00, 0.62 (0.37–1.03), 0.57 (0.33–0.99), and 0.46 (0.24–0.86); (p-trend: 0.017). Results for GFR decrease were similar (p-trend: 0.007). Conclusions A higher adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of kidney function decline. Funding Sources State Secretary of R + D and FEDER/FSE, the ATHLOS project (EU H2020), and the CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.

scholarly journals Adherence to a plant-based, high-fibre dietary pattern is related to regression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in an elderly population

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1069-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise J. M. Alferink ◽  
Nicole S. Erler ◽  
Robert J. de Knegt ◽  
Harry L. A. Janssen ◽  
Herold J. Metselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractDietary lifestyle intervention is key in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to examine the longitudinal relation between well-established dietary patterns as well as population-specific dietary patterns and NAFLD. Participants from two subsequent visits of the Rotterdam Study were included. All underwent serial abdominal ultrasonography (median follow-up: 4.4 years) and filled in a food frequency questionnaire. Secondary causes of steatosis were excluded. Dietary data from 389 items were collapsed into 28 food groups and a posteriori dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Additionally, we scored three a priori dietary patterns (Mediterranean Diet Score, Dutch Dietary Guidelines and WHO-score). Logistic mixed regression models were used to examine the relation between dietary patterns and NAFLD. Analyses were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle and metabolic factors. We included 963 participants of whom 343 had NAFLD. Follow-up data was available in 737 participants. Incident NAFLD was 5% and regressed NAFLD was 30%. We identified five a posteriori dietary patterns (cumulative explained variation [R2] = 20%). The patterns were characterised as: vegetable and fish, red meat and alcohol, traditional, salty snacks and sauces, high fat dairy & refined grains pattern. Adherence to the traditional pattern (i.e. high intake of vegetable oils/stanols, margarines/butters, potatoes, whole grains and sweets/desserts) was associated with regression of NAFLD per SD increase in Z-score (0.40, 95% CI 0.15–1.00). Adherence to the three a priori patterns all showed regression of NAFLD, but only the WHO-score showed a distinct association (0.73, 95% CI 0.53–1.00). Hence, in this large elderly population, adherence to a plant-based, high-fibre and low-fat diet was related to regression of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Serum leptin is associated with increased pulse pressure and the development of arterial stiffening in adult men: results of an eight-year follow-up study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfranco D’Elia ◽  
Alfonso Giaquinto ◽  
Roberto Iacone ◽  
Ornella Russo ◽  
Pasquale Strazzullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Vascular Damage ◽  
Arterial Stiffening ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Over Time

AbstractHigh leptin levels are associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile. A number of studies found a positive association between leptin and vascular damage, but to date, no observational study has evaluated a potential predictive role of leptin for arterial stiffening. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the role of leptin in the incidence of arterial stiffening (pulse pressure >60 mmHg) and changes in pulse pressure in an 8-year follow-up of a sample of adult men (The Olivetti Heart Study). The analysis included 460 men without baseline arterial stiffening and antihypertensive treatment at baseline and at follow-up (age: 50.0 years, BMI: 26.5 kg/m2). At the end of the follow-up period, the incidence of arterial stiffening was 8%. Baseline leptin was significantly greater in the group that developed arterial stiffening and was significantly correlated with pulse pressure changes over time (p < 0.05). According to the median plasma leptin distribution of the whole population, the sample was stratified into two groups: one with leptin levels above the median and the other with leptin levels below the median. Those who had baseline leptin levels above the median had a greater risk of developing arterial stiffening (odds ratio: 2.5, p < 0.05) and a greater increase in pulse pressure over time (beta: 2.1, p < 0.05), also after adjustment for confounders. The results of this prospective study indicate a predictive role of circulating leptin levels for vascular damage, independent of body weight and blood pressure.

Effects of maternal diets on preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-461
Author(s):  
Dereje G. Gete ◽  
Michael Waller ◽  
Gita D. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
High Intake ◽  
High Consumption

AbstractCurrent evidence indicates that maternal diets before and during pregnancy could influence rates of preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) births. However, findings have been inconsistent. This review summarised evidence concerning the effects of maternal diets before and during pregnancy on preterm birth, LBW and SGA. Systematic electronic database searches were carried out using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The review included forty eligible articles, comprising mostly of prospective cohort studies, with five randomised controlled trials. The dietary patterns during pregnancy associated with a lower risk of preterm birth were commonly characterised by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish and dairy products. Those associated with a lower risk of SGA also had similar characteristics, including high consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, seafood/fish and milk products. Results from a limited number of studies suggested there was a beneficial effect on the risk of preterm birth of pre-pregnancy diet quality characterised by a high intake of fruits and proteins and less intake of added sugars, saturated fats and fast foods. The evidence was mixed for the relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and LBW. These findings indicate that better maternal diet quality during pregnancy, characterised by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, dairy products and protein diets, may have a synergistic effect on reducing the risk of preterm birth and SGA.

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