scholarly journals Cancer Prevention Beliefs and Diet Behaviors Among Females Diagnosed with Obesity-Related Cancers (FS13-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Lin ◽  
Laura Finch ◽  
Tammy Stump ◽  
Sara Hoffman ◽  
Bonnie Spring
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Replication Method ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Objectives Obesity-related cancers (e.g., breast, colorectal, and endometrial) account for 40% of all US cancer diagnoses and disproportionately affect females. More than half of Americans are unaware that excess adiposity is a modifiable risk factor for certain types of cancers, and many do not perform healthy diet behaviors. It is unclear whether these patterns also appear in survivors of obesity-related cancers, a disease that could potentially be prevented by a healthy diet and weight management. Thus, we examined beliefs about cancer prevention and diet behaviors among female survivors of obesity-related cancers. Methods Adult female cancer survivors enrolled in cycles 1 or 2 of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5 were included in this study if they reported a diagnosis that met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition for an obesity-related cancer (n = 241). Data about 1) cancer history, 2) beliefs about cancer prevention, and 3) dietary behaviors (produce intake, eating out) were used in independent t-tests and Chi-square analyses. Due to the survey's complex sampling design, reported estimates were weighted and the jackknife replication method was used. Results The sample had a mean age of 63.2 ± 2.8 years and a mean BMI of 27.3 ± 1.0 kg/m2. Ratings on a 4-point scale (1 = strongly agree, 4 = strongly disagree) revealed that participants viewed cancer as somewhat preventable. About half of the participants agreed that being overweight or obese (46%) and eating a healthy diet (53%) had ‘a lot of’ influence over cancer development. When examining diet behaviors, only a quarter of the participants reported eating ≥ 2 cups of fruit (21%) and vegetables (25%) daily. Overall, participants ‘sometimes’ to ‘rarely’ used caloric information from menus to make food decisions [mean score: 3.4 (SE 0.1); scale: 1 = always, 5 = never]. Conclusions Female survivors of obesity-related cancers are somewhat aware that cancer can be prevented, but do not consistently perform behaviors that can reduce their risk of cancer reoccurrence. Collectively, the evidence suggests that clinicians should emphasize the importance of weight management for obesity-related cancers and provide diet strategies during consultations with this population. Funding Sources All authors are being supported by the National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals From “Running for Hope” to “5 Tips to Stay Away From Cancer”

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 127s-127s
Author(s):  
L.Y. Su ◽  
C.Y. Wu ◽  
C.L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
General Public ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
Short Films

Background and context: In 2012, Hope Foundation for Cancer Care initiated “Running for Hope” project (road running around Taiwan) to raise awareness of Pap test and female cancers, during which lack of awareness about cancer prevention among general public was observed. To further educate the awareness, HOPE foundation launched campaigns in campus to aim at younger generations. According to both World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), by adopting healthier style of life, which includes staying away from cancer-causing factors, healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management and effective cancer screening, millions cancers on a global scale can actually be prevented. Aim: To implement campaigns about healthy life styles which include staying away from cancer-causing factors, healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management and effective cancer screening. Strategy/Tactics: To implement “5 Tips to Stay Away From Cancer” campaign. The five tips are: proper diet, regular exercise, saying no to cigarettes, alcohol and beetle nuts, weight management and regular screening. Program/Policy process: In 2013 and 2014, cancer prevention short films were played in campuses. In 2015, taken inspiration from Running for HOPE project in 2012, a campaign for raising awareness for female cancer was initiated by using new social media and smart phones with the display of “HOPE” logo on screens. In 2016, renowned cross-disciplinary artist Mr. Eyeball was invited to create the mascot Bao-Di, launching the new cancer-prevention slogan “Cancer prevention—five tips to keep you safe—proper diet, regular exercise, saying no to cigarettes, alcohol and beetle nuts, weight management and regular screening”. The mascot Bao-Di took on the role of educating the public about how to prevent cancer. In 2017, more social media strategies were applied, including the Bao-Di journal, celebrity-featured short-films, Line stickers and taxi advertisements. Outcomes: 1. 7 screenings of short films with 1843 views in campus (2013), 9 screenings of documentary in local communities with 545 views (2014). 2. 505 people joined Running for Hope project in photo-taking with the “HOPE” logo during 6 weeks of campaign (2015), 1028 people participated “Hope You are Here” campaign. 3. 24,290 people were reached through Bao-Di Journal project with its friendly campaign “Cancer prevention–five tips to keep you safe”. 4. 121,335 people total viewed the two celebrity-featured short films on YouTube. 5. 365 download of Line stickers. What was learned: 1. Lack of awareness about cancer-prevention through direct contact with general public during the road running project was observed. Therefore, more effort in education is foreseen. 2. Development of localized risk-reducing signs and mascots taken inspiration from campaigns of international cancer-prevention organizations. 3. Application of new social media to raise cancer-prevention awareness.

scholarly journals Non-Dieting Focused Weight Management Curriculum in Current Accredited US Dietetic Programs: Awareness, Interest, Prevalence, and Predictors (P07-003-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Huebner ◽  
Jared McGuirt ◽  
Maryanne Perrin ◽  
Laurie Allen ◽  
Lauren Haldeman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Health At Every Size ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Management Curriculum

Abstract Objectives Non-dieting, weight neutral approaches (NDWN) to weight management that focus on non-restrictive dieting and healthy weight, such as Health at Every Size (HAES), have been effective in weight management practices, but the degree of assimilation in U.S. dietetics programs is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the awareness and prevalence of, and interest in non-dieting focused weight management curriculum and determine factors associated with the presence of the curriculum in Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics (ACEND) accredited dietetic programs in the U.S. Methods Directors of all US dietetic Coordinated Programs (CP) (n = 60) and Didactic Programs in Dietetics (DPD) (n = 214) were sent an online cross-sectional survey via RedCap software. For inclusion, programs were required to be an ACEND accredited CP or DPD program. The survey included questions about the program, student and faculty demographics, program structure, and topics pertaining to NDWN curriculum including knowledge, awareness, and interest in a NDWN approach to weight management. Results were analyzed using a chi-square test with continuity correction in R Studio Version 1.1.463. Results Of the 106 programs (39%) that responded, most (94.3%) reported knowledge of NDWN approaches to weight management such as HAES. While awareness was high, a smaller amount of schools (72%) included NDWN into their curriculum, and this was primarily accomplished in a single lecture (54%). Programs with NDWN curriculum were significantly more likely to be DPD (78%) as compared to CP (54%, P = 0.04). No other differences between program types were found. For programs without NDWN, most (71%) indicated interest in having NDWN in the curriculum. The most common factors that kept programs from including NDWN were: 1) lack of trained and knowledgeable staff (48%) and, 2) insufficient space in the curriculum to incorporate additional topics (43%). Conclusions Findings suggest that many programs have adopted NDWN curriculum, with the majority being DPD programs, but that some US dietetic programs have fixable barriers to incorporation. Efforts should be made to better train dietetic program staff, and rework curriculum to prioritize this important topic. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Operationalizing the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations: A Standardized Scoring System (P13-034-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa Shams-White ◽  
Alice Bender ◽  
Nigel Brockton ◽  
Susannah Brown ◽  
Lisa Kahle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Objectives To develop a standardized AICR/WCRF Score that measures adherence to the 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and provide guidance for its application in research. Methods Each of the updated 2018 WCRF/AICR Cancer Prevention Recommendations and the associated goals and statements of advice were examined to inform the definition of a new Score. For each of the weight, physical activity, diet, and breastfeeding-specific recommendations, components and subcomponents were created. Standards for scoring each component were established based on quantitative guidance specified in the recommendations; however, if no specificity was provided, other guidelines (e.g., national guidelines), past research that operationalized 2007 WCRF/AICR recommendations, and expert panel advice were evaluated. Results The proposed AICR/WCRF Score includes eight of the ten WCRF/AICR 2018 recommendations: 1) Be a healthy weight, 2) Be physically active, 3) Eat a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans, 4) Limit consumption of fast foods and other processed foods high in fat, starches, or sugars, 5) Limit consumption of red and processed meats, 6) Limit consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, 7) Limit alcohol consumption, and, optionally, 8) For mothers: breastfeed your baby, if you can. Each of the components are worth one point: 1, 0.5, and 0 points for fully, partially, and not meeting the recommendations, respectively (total Score: 0–7 or 8 points). Two recommendations were not included in the Score due to uncertain intent of supplement use (Do not use supplements for cancer prevention) and the redundancy of the dependent components in the final recommendation (After a cancer diagnosis: follow our Recommendations, if you can). Additional guidance will stress the importance of taking into account other risk factors, such as smoking, in relevant models using the new Score. Conclusions The AICR/WCRF Score is a practical tool operationalizing the 2018 recommendations. Future studies are needed to further examine how adherence to the Score relates to cancer risk and mortality in various populations. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Clinicians’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Delirium Detection and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 519-520
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Erica Husser ◽  
Diane Berish ◽  
Long Ngo ◽  
Marie Boltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
High Level

Abstract Delirium is a serious and potentially life-threatening problem, but it remains clinically under-recognized. Various factors contribute to this under-recognition, including limited understanding of delirium, insufficient training and application of delirium assessments, potential stigma for the patient and increased workload for the clinician. As a part of an NIH funded study testing a rapid two-step delirium identification protocol at two hospitals in the U.S. (one urban and one rural), clinicians completed a 12-item survey to assess their knowledge and attitudes about delirium and their confidence in preventing and managing delirium. Survey response options followed a 5-point rating scale (strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree). The sample for this analysis included 399 clinicians (MDs=53; RNs=235; CNAs=111). Chi-square was used to test for group differences between clinician types. Less than half of the clinicians reported agreeing with the statement, “delirium is largely preventable” (MDs: 47%; RN: 44%; CNA: 41%, p-value=0.021). MDs and RNs indicated a high level of confidence in recognizing delirium while CNAs endorsed lower levels of confidence (MDs: 87%; RN: 81%; CNA: 65%, p-value=0.001). All types of clinicians reported lower confidence in managing delirium (MDs: 29%; RN: 36%; CNA: 44%, p-value=0.117). 47% of CNAs and 37% of RNs agreed there is a need for additional training in caring for persons with delirium while only 21% of MDs agreed (p = 0.031). Understanding how different types of clinicians think and feel about delirium will inform training and communication initiatives, clinical implementation, and research on best practices for delirium identification and management.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Risk Factors for Cancer and the Preventive Opportunities: Current Status, Future Perspectives, and Implications for India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Ramani ◽  
Ganesha D. V. ◽  
Radheshyam Naik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Clinical cancer can arise from heterogenous pathways through various genetic mutations. Although we cannot predict the timeline by which an individual will develop cancer, certain risk assessment tools can be used among high-risk groups for focusing the preventive activities. As primary level of cancer prevention, healthy lifestyle approach is being promoted. The etiological factors for lung cancer include by-products of industrialization and air pollution. We need to factor the increase in household air pollution as well. Methods “PubMed” database and Google search engines were used for searching the relevant articles. Search terms with Boolean operators used include “Cancer prevention,” “Missed opportunities in cancer causation,” and “incidence of risk factors.” This review includes 20 studies and other relevant literature that address the opportunities for cancer prevention. Body The narrative describes the association between many of the risk factors and development of cancer. This includes tobacco, alcohol, infections, air pollution, physical inactivity, diet, obesity, screening and preventive strategies, chemoprevention, biomarkers of carcinogenesis, and factors that prolong the diagnosis of cancer. Discussion Reports from basic science research provide evidence on the potential of biologically active food components and pharmacological agents for mitigating the risk of cancer and its progression. However, some reports from observational studies and randomized trials have been inconsistent. We need to recognize the impact of sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, culture, and comorbid illness on preventive interventions. Spiral computed tomographic scan is a robust tool for early detection of lung cancer. Conclusion Infectious etiology for specific cancers provides opportunities for prevention and treatment. The complex interplay between man and microbial flora needs to be dissected, for understanding the pathogenesis of relevant malignancies. For reducing the morbidity of cancer, we need to focus on prevention as a priority strategy and intervene early during the carcinogenic process.

Theoretical and Psychometric Analysis of the “Where I Am” Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-51
Author(s):  
L.Y. Dorfman ◽  
◽  
V.A. Gasimova ◽  
A.Y. Kalugin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
External Criterion ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Strongly Agree

The subjective (mental) space (MS) is specified as a particular area of research. The issue of its operationalization and measurement are put forward. A mathematical prototype of MS has been proposed. In a simplified form, the mathematical space conceives of as Euclidean, metric, and linear. It extends to the MS. The operationalization of its measurements consisted in the construction of the "Where I am" questionnaire (WIQ). Three main properties of the WIQ were as follows. First, physical descriptions of space were in use as metaphors for the MS. Second, 4 scales, namely, “height,” “width,” “length,” and “volume,” specified the WIQ. Third, a procedure like a semantic differential administered the WIQ’s items to participants. Raw data were gathered from a sample consisting 177 students, men and women aged from 17 to 26. Participants expressed the degree of agreement with each item of the WIQ on the seven point grade ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". Ultimately, the WIQ consisted of 36 items, namely, 9 items per the scale “height,” 9 items per the scale “width,” 7 items per the scale “length,” and 11 items per the scale “volume.” Descriptive statistics included means, standard deviations, chi square to define normality of variables, t test to as-sess differences between men and women. Psychometric reliability of the WIQ was estimated by intercorrelations of items in scales, Cronbach's alpha, omega, split half reliability, re test, as well as the WIQ’s discrimination. Exploratory factor analysis provided an estimation of the WIQ’s construct validity. Internal convergent and discriminant validity of the WIQ was gained by comparisons of items’ correlations with ‘own’ and ‘others’ scales. Contrast groups on creative thinking and intelligence computed external criterion validity of the WIQ by 1 way ANOVA. Obtained data were as follows. Extraction to specify the WIQ on above scales was psychometrically justified. The WIQ showed good measures of reliability. The WIQ yielded a 3 factorized structure as most evident of its construct validity and consistent with expected theoretical suggestions, despite of items of the scales “width” and “volume” entered the same factor. Findings maintained significant internal convergent and discriminant validity of the WIQ. It possessed either external criterion validity Creative fluency, originality, and fluid intelligence produced significant effects on the WIQ’s scales. Thus, the WIQ can be reasonable in scientific and applied studies.

scholarly journals Fertility Counseling in Survivors of Cancer in Childhood and Adolescence: Time for a Reappraisal?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5626
Author(s):  
Francesca Filippi ◽  
Fedro Peccatori ◽  
Siranoush Manoukian ◽  
Carlo Alfredo Clerici ◽  
Chiara Dallagiovanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Egg Donation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Hereditary Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cancer Syndrome ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Fertility Counseling ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Genetic predisposition could have an important role in the pathogenesis of cancers in children and adolescents. A recent study by our group showed that, among female survivors of cancers in childhood and adolescence, the proportion of cases involving a possible genetic predisposition was sizable (at least one in five). Our sample is too small to be representative of the general population, but it gave us an opportunity to reappraise this issue. Women with a genetic predisposition can transmit the risk of cancer to their offspring, and their awareness of this may influence their reproductive and fertility preservation choices. In our experience, a predisposition to cancer receives little attention in the fertility counseling and decision-making process unless a patient already has a definitive molecular diagnosis of a hereditary cancer syndrome. We feel it is essential to empower women on this issue, particularly as there are ways to overcome the problem, including preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-M) in definitively diagnosed cases, egg donation and adoption. In the context of fertility counseling for survivors of cancer in childhood and adolescence who have reached adulthood, the risk of transmitting a predisposition to cancer should be discussed with patients, if relevant and desired.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding First Aid against Domestic Injuries in Mothers of Children less than 5 Years of Age Attending Fauji Foundation Hospital Islamabad

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Raima Asif ◽  
Naila Azam ◽  
Fatima Ali Raza ◽  
Mehwish Riaz ◽  
Shaista Zulfiqar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Home Accidents

Background: The objective is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding first aid towards home related injuries among mothers of children less than 5 years of age at tertiary care hospital of Islamabad. Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted in Fauji Foundation Hospital Islamabad. 400 participants were selected using convenience sampling the mother of children under 5 years of age were included and mother of children with any major co morbidity, congenital abnormalities and who didn’t give consent were excluded from the study. A pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection after obtaining permission from Institutional Ethical Committee. Statistical analysis was carried using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and percentages were computed, descriptive statistical analysis was done. Chi- Square was applied for association between socio demographic variables and knowledge of mothers regarding first aid. Results: About 44% of the mothers and 63% children fall in age group of 31 and 2-5 years respectively. Half of the mothers (48%) are below intermediate level of education. About 34% of the respondents stated bleeding as most urgent and important injury requiring first aid. Regarding attitudes, 50% of the mothers strongly agree towards necessity of first aid and lack of awareness about dealing with domestic injuries. Sixty-five (65%) of the mothers had given first aid to their child. About 33%, 75%, 44% and 39% of the mothers have faced a child with difficulty in breathing; bleeding, burning and insect/sibling bite respectively. Age of mother (p=0.041), education of mother (p=0.001) and total no of children (p=0.001) were significantly associated with knowledge of first aid. Conclusion: Although home accidents are a common problem, mother’s knowledge regarding home accidents was deficient although majority of the respondents have positive attitude.

scholarly journals Later Risk of Wheezing/Asthma and Allergy in Offspring of 2 Vitamin D (VitD) Pregnancy Cohorts: Post Hoc Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1096
Author(s):  
Carol Wagner ◽  
Myla Ebeling ◽  
Judy Shary ◽  
John Baatz ◽  
Danforth Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chi Square ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives Maternal vitD deficiency as defined by circulating 25(OH)D concentration is linked with certain adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., preterm birth) and childhood outcomes (e.g., asthma), with the effect seemingly more pronounced if deficiency occurs earlier in pregnancy. OBJ: Assess the long-term effect of maternal and neonatal vitD status on later risk of childhood allergy, wheezing and/or asthma to 4 yrs. It was hypothesized that deficiency earlier in pregnancy would have a significant effect on risk that would continue during pregnancy. Methods In this follow-up post hoc analysis of women and their offspring enrolled in 1 of 2 pregnancy vitD supplementation trials (NICHD, n = 348 and Kellogg Foundation, n = 298), women were randomized to either 400, 2000 or 4000 IU vitD/day (NICHD) at 12–16 wks’ or 400 or 4400 IU/day at 10–14 wks’ (Kellogg). Baseline then monthly 25(OH)D concentration as the primary outcome in both studies and as the indicator of vitD status was measured by RIA until delivery. Neonatal vitD status was measured in cord blood. Follow-up data on the offspring were available through 4 yrs using an EMR with ICD-9 and 10 codes for eczema, wheezing and/or asthma. Student's t-test was used to analyze differences in mean 25(OH)D and eczema, wheezing, and asthma. Chi-square analyses were used to test for differences in incidence of 25(OH)D below 20, 30, and 40 and eczema, wheezing, and asthma. Results In NICHD Pregnancy, 326/348 (93.7%) offspring had EMR data available: 48 (14.7%) had eczema; 32 (9.8%) had wheezing; and 48 (14.7%) had asthma. In Kellogg Pregnancy, 205/298 (68.8%) had EMR data available; 36 (17.6%) had eczema; 14 (6.8%) had wheezing; and 10 (4.9%) had asthma. Maternal baseline 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL was associated with eczema (P = 0.024) and asthma (P = 0.035) by age 4 yrs. Neonatal 25(OH)D was inversely associated with eczema (P = 0.01) and asthma by age 4 (P = 0.0012). When dichotomized, neonates with 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL had a significantly higher risk of eczema (P = 0.02) and asthma (P = 0.004) and those below 40 ng/mL had a higher risk of eczema (P = 0.03). Conclusions In this combined cohort of pregnant women and their offspring, both maternal and neonatal vitD status were associated with later allergy, wheezing and asthma risk. Efforts to improve maternal vitD status may have later significant consequences on childhood health outcomes. Funding Sources NIH/NICHD/NCATS.

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