Leptin-reactive antibodies are distinctly correlated with body composition parameters and metabolic risk indexes in children and adolescents

Abstract Studies have demonstrated the presence of low-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs) directed to leptin, a key hormone of the neuroendocrine axis that regulates appetite and metabolism, in adult healthy subjects, patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present exploratory study, IgG leptin-reactive antibodies were analyzed for the first time in children and adolescents according to body mass index (BMI) and were correlated with biochemical profile (lipid profile, insulin, glucose and leptin) and metabolic risk indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, AIP). One hundred and thirty-six participants were included (children n=63, adolescents n=73). An in-house ELISA test was performed to measure IgG anti-leptin antibodies (free, total and immune complexes). In adolescents, free and total IgG anti-leptin antibodies levels were higher in groups with overweight or obesity than in normal-weight group (p<0.01), while in children, the total fractions were lower in groups with overweight and obesity than in normal-weight (p<0.02). Immune complexes percentage showed opposite correlations with BMI in children (r=0.4004, p=0.0473) and adolescents (r=-0.3983, p=0.0133). IgG anti-leptin antibodies were also correlated with HOMA-IR in children (r=-0.4569, p=0.0217) and adolescents (r=-0.3589, p=0.0316), and with AIP (r=-0.3608, p=0.0261) in adolescents. Our data suggest that the production and affinity of IgG anti-leptin antibodies can be affected by age, body composition and metabolic conditions; additionally, in normal conditions, IgG anti-leptin antibodies may have a protective role in insulin resistance and cardiovascular events.

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Longitudinal body composition of children born to mothers with normal weight, overweight, and obesity

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.21078 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1252-1258 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Aline Andres ◽

Holly R. Hull ◽

Kartik Shankar ◽

Patrick H. Casey ◽

Mario A. Cleves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity

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Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

Human Biology and Public Health ◽

10.52905/hbph.v1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Rebekka Mumm ◽

Anna Reimann ◽

Christiane Scheffler

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Field Studies ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

Public Health Research ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Robusticity

Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

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Positive Association Between Body Mass Index and Hematologic Parameters, Including RBC, WBC and Platelet Count, in Korean Children and Adolescent

10.21203/rs.3.rs-576071/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hwal Rim Jeong ◽

Young Seok Shim

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Mass ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Korean Children ◽

Children And Adolescent

Abstract Objective: To investigate the associations between hematologic parameters and obesity in children and adolescents.Methods: A total of 7,997 subjects (4,259 boys, 3,738 girls) aged 10–18 years was enrolled and hematologic parameters, including WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, and platelet levels, were recorded and compared against body mass index (BMI) classified into normal-weight, overweight, and obesity groups.Results : The obesity group had significantly higher mean levels of WBC (7.16 vs. 6.16 (x103/mm3), p<0.001), RBC (4.90 vs. 4.82 (x106/mm3), p<0.001), Hb (14.07 vs. 13.99 (g/dL), p<0.05), Hct (42.31 vs. 41.91 (%), p<0.001) and platelets (311.87 vs. 282.66 (x103/mm3), p<0.001) than the normal-weight group after adjusting for obesity and sex. BMI SDS was significantly positively associated with WBC (β=0.275, p<0.001), RBC (β=0.028, p<0.001), Hb (β=0.034, p<0.001), Hct (β=0.152, p<0.001), and platelets (β=8.372, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, and possible socioeconomic confounders in a multiple linear regression analysis.Conclusion: Higher BMI is associated with elevated WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and platelet counts in children and adolescents. Because higher hematologic parameters are potential risk factors for obesity-related morbidity, more attention should be paid to evaluating and interpreting hematologic parameters in children and adolescents with obesity

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The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Plantar Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6600

Author(s):

Liliana Catan ◽

Elena Amaricai ◽

Roxana Ramona Onofrei ◽

Calin Marius Popoiu ◽

Emil Radu Iacob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Plantar Pressure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Children ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Time Integral ◽

Systems Software ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

The Impact

We aimed to synthesise the results of previous studies addressing the impact of overweight and obesity on plantar pressure in children and adolescents. An electronic search of scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus database, with keywords: “plantar pressure” AND “children” AND “obesity”; “plantar pressure” AND “adolescents” AND “obesity”, “plantar pressure” AND “children” AND “overweight”, “plantar pressure” AND “adolescents” AND “overweight”. Twenty-two articles were included in the review and the following data were recorded: authors, publication year, type of technology (systems, software) for the determination of plantar pressure, study characteristics. Most of the articles used dynamic plantar pressure determination with only four using static plantar pressure measurement. Using ultrasonography with static plantar pressure determination, the correlation between structural and functional changes in the feet of obese children. In overweight and obese children and adolescents, important findings were recorded: higher contact area, increased maximum force beneath the lateral and medial forefoot, increased pressure–time integral beneath the midfoot and 2nd–5th metatarsal regions. Significantly increased foot axis angle and significantly flatter feet were observed in obese subjects in comparison to their normal-weight counterparts. The obese children presented increased midfoot fat pad thickness, with decreased sensitivity of the whole foot and midfoot.

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Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: results from the German KIGGS survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09834-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lara Meixner ◽

Caroline Cohrdes ◽

Anja Schienkiewitz ◽

Gert B. M. Mensink

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Well Being ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Media Consumption ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

Abstract Background The well-being of persons with overweight and obesity, in particular of children and adolescents, may be impaired. The present study investigates the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of girls and boys with overweight and obesity living in Germany as compared to those of normal-weight, while taking a selection of relevant determinants of HRQoL into account. Methods The sample comprises 1771 children and adolescents aged 11 to 17 years that took part in the cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KIGGS Wave 2, 2014–2017). Sex-and age-specific BMI (kg/m2) percentiles were utilized to classify overweight and obesity. HRQoL was measured with the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire, which gathers detailed information about the five dimensions physical and psychological well-being, well-being regarding peers (i.e., social acceptance), parents (i.e., autonomy) and within the school environment. Multiple regression analyses were performed with HRQoL dimensions as outcomes to test for differences between children and adolescents with normal-weight vs. those with overweight and vs. those with obesity, separately for girls and boys. In a next step, age, physical activity, media consumption, social support and self-efficacy were considered as potential confounders in the analyses. Results 18.7% of the children and adolescents under study were affected by overweight and among them 8.0% by obesity. After adjusting for potential confounders, overweight and obesity were associated with lower physical well-being as compared to normal weight in both sexes (boys with overweight: standardized beta [β] = −.14, standard error [SE] = .03, p < .001, and obesity: β = −.16, SE = .03, p < .001; girls with overweight: β = −.09, SE = .04, p = .011, and obesity: β = −.11, SE = .03, p = .003). Results moreover suggest lower levels of psychological (β = −.10, SE = .04, p = .002) and parent-related well-being (β = −.08, SE = .04, p = .036) of boys with obesity as compared to normal-weight peers. Conclusion HRQoL of German children and adolescents with overweight and obesity is impaired according to physical well-being in general, while psychological and parent-related well-being is particularly affected in boys. Public health approaches should therefore promote children and adolescents with overweight and obesity by improving diverse facets of HRQoL as well as relevant associated factors (i.e., media consumption, self-efficacy) in general and in boys in particular.

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Body fatness or anthropometry for assessment of unhealthy weight status? Comparison between methods in South African children and adolescents

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012004338 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 2005-2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eva Craig ◽

John Reilly ◽

Ruth Bland

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Body Fatness ◽

Unhealthy Weight

AbstractObjectiveA variety of methods are available for defining undernutrition (thinness/underweight/under-fat) and overnutrition (overweight/obesity/over-fat). The extent to which these definitions agree is unclear. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess agreement between widely used methods of assessing nutritional status in children and adolescents, and to examine the benefit of body composition estimates.DesignThe main objective of the cross-sectional study was to assess underweight, overweight and obesity using four methods: (i) BMI-for-age using WHO (2007) reference data; (ii) BMI-for-age using Cole et al. and International Obesity Taskforce cut-offs; (iii) weight-for-age using the National Centre for Health Statistics/WHO growth reference 1977; and (iv) body fat percentage estimated by bio-impedance (body fat reference curves for children of McCarthy et al., 2006). Comparisons were made between methods using weighted kappa analyses.SettingRural South Africa.SubjectsIndividuals (n 1519) in three age groups (school grade 1, mean age 7 years; grade 5, mean age 11 years; grade 9, mean age 15 years).ResultsIn boys, prevalence of unhealthy weight status (both under- and overnutrition) was much higher at all ages with body fatness measures than with simple anthropometric proxies for body fatness; agreement between fatness and weight-based measures was fair or slight using Landis and Koch categories. In girls, prevalence of unhealthy weight status was also higher with body fatness than with proxies, although agreement between measures ranged from fair to substantial.ConclusionsMethods for defining under- and overnutrition should not be considered equivalent. Weight-based measures provide highly conservative estimates of unhealthy weight status, possibly more conservative in boys. Simple body composition measures may be more informative than anthropometry for nutritional surveillance of children and adolescents.

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Assessment of the influence of overweight and obesity on the development of prehypertension and hypertension in children aged 6-15

Zdravstvena zastita ◽

10.5937/zdravzast50-34480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 85-96

Author(s):

Marijana Jandrić-Kočić

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Weight ◽

Primary School ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hypertension In Children

Introduction/Aim: 41 million children under the age of 5 and 340 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 are overweight or obese. Obesity in children and adolescents is the most important predictor of high blood pressure. The aim of the study was to examine the incidence of overweight and obesity in primary school children aged 6 to 15 years, as well as to examine the incidence of prehypertension and hypertension in children who were overweight and obese. Method: The study included 85 of 86 children from the Primary School "Krupa na Uni". Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire, while body weight and blood pressure were measured. The chi-square test and t-test were used for the statistical analysis of data Results: The cross-sectional study included 85 children, 45 (52.9%) boys and 40 (47.1%) girls with an average age of 10.87 ± 2.70 years. Normal weight was found in 54 (63.5%) subjects, underweight in 12 (14.1%), overweight in 5 (5.9%), and obesity in 14 (16.5%). 76 (89.4%) subjects had normal blood pressure values, 5 (5.9%) prehypertensive state, and 4 (4.7%) arterial hypertension. There was no significant difference between younger and older children regarding their nutritional status (p=0.477) and blood pressure levels (p=0.453). Children who were overweight and obese had prehypertension and hypertension significantly more often (p˂0.001). Conclusion: Every fifth child was overweight or obese, while prehypertension or hypertension were found in every tenth child. The timely change of diet and physical activity could contribute to the regulation of body weight and the regulation of blood pressure, as well.

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The role and place of bioimpedance analysis assessment of body composition of children and adolescents with different body mass

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2018-2-121-132 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 121-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ya. V. Girsh ◽

O. A. Gerasimchik

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Mass ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Bioimpedance Analysis

The steady rise of obesity in children and adolescents emphasizes the need for new, integrated approaches to its diagnosis and therapy. When diagnosing obesity and choosing methods for its correction, it is fundamentally important to use reliable methods of estimating the amount of adipose tissue. Using the body mass index is not always sufficient, since it does not provide complete information on quantitative content in the body weight of the patient’s body. For these purposes in clinical medicine use of bioimpedance analysis to assess the indicators, which characterize the basal metabolism, active cell mass, fat and basirova mass and total water content in the body. However, the holding of bioimpedance body composition analysis is currently limited mainly to dietetics and sports medicine, and adult patients. Quite interesting is the use of the bioimpedance method in the pediatric age group for accurate evaluation of body composition of children of various ages and body weight that will allow for dynamic control of all types of metabolism to evaluate the effectiveness of the observation and treatment of patients with overweight and obesity.

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Body mass index and its relationship with body composition in a population of university students in the state of Mexico

Journal of Social Researches ◽

10.35429/jsr.2019.16.5.17.22 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Raquel Muñoz-Hernández ◽

Saúl Rangel Lara ◽

Enrique Nava Zavala

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

University Students ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The State ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

The University

This research was carried out with the objective of determining the association between excess weight and body composition in university students. It is an observational cross-sectional study in a public university of the State of Mexico; 64 students between 19 and 25 years old were included through a simple random sampling. Body composition was assessed based on Anthropometry with written acceptance. The results when analyzing the central obesity in the population showed that 57.81% are normal weight, 29.69% are overweight and 7.81% are obese. Also 50% of men between 20-25 years, have values ≥90 cm waist. In the case of women, the prevalence of a value above that recommended ≥80 cm was greater than 55% since the age of 19. This result indicates that most women are at greater risk from an early age. These preliminary results show how the university population reflects the high rates of overweight and obesity in Mexico. It is necessary to establish plans to prevent and reduce the prevalence of obesity and avoid its impact on chronic diseases in the future.

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Screening of central obesity among normal-weight children and adolescents in Shandong, China

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520004882 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Ying-xiu Zhang ◽

Jian Chen ◽

Xiao-hui Liu

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Health Risks ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Total Population ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract The prevalence of central obesity in total population has been reported in numerous studies. However, information on the prevalence of central obesity within normal category of body mass index (BMI) is scant. In the present study, we examined the profiles of central obesity among normal-weight children and adolescents. A total of 29 516 (14 226 boys and 15 290 girls) normal-weight children and adolescents (excluding underweight, overweight and obesity) aged 7–18 years were included in the final analysis. Central obesity was defined by the international age- and sex-specific cut-offs of waist circumference (WC) and threshold of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR≥0.5). All subjects were classified into four groups (Q1–Q4) according to the age- and sex-specific quartiles of BMI, those in the upper fourth (Q4) were defined as ‘high-normal BMI’, and those in the lower fourth (Q1) were defined as ‘low-normal BMI’. The prevalence of central obesity as measured by WC was 9.90% (95% CI 9.41–10.39%) for boys and 8.11% (95% CI 7.68–8.54%) for girls; by WHtR was 2.97% (95% CI 2.69–3.25%) for boys and 2.44% (95% CI 2.20–2.68%) for girls. Subjects in the ‘high-normal BMI’ group had a much higher prevalence of central obesity than their counterparts in the ‘low-normal BMI’ group (P<0.01). Central obesity was also evident among normal-weight children and adolescents. Our findings suggest that the health risks of children with normal-weight central obesity may be missed when BMI is used alone as a measure, it is meaningful to include WC in the clinical practice and to include the simple message “Keep your waist to less than half your height”.

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