Longitudinal body composition of children born to mothers with normal weight, overweight, and obesity

This research was carried out with the objective of determining the association between excess weight and body composition in university students. It is an observational cross-sectional study in a public university of the State of Mexico; 64 students between 19 and 25 years old were included through a simple random sampling. Body composition was assessed based on Anthropometry with written acceptance. The results when analyzing the central obesity in the population showed that 57.81% are normal weight, 29.69% are overweight and 7.81% are obese. Also 50% of men between 20-25 years, have values ≥90 cm waist. In the case of women, the prevalence of a value above that recommended ≥80 cm was greater than 55% since the age of 19. This result indicates that most women are at greater risk from an early age. These preliminary results show how the university population reflects the high rates of overweight and obesity in Mexico. It is necessary to establish plans to prevent and reduce the prevalence of obesity and avoid its impact on chronic diseases in the future.

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Leptin-reactive antibodies are distinctly correlated with body composition parameters and metabolic risk indexes in children and adolescents

Clinical & Experimental Immunology ◽

10.1093/cei/uxab001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Vázquez-Solórzano ◽

Elia Valdés-Miramontes ◽

Mildren Porchas-Quijada ◽

Mayra Enciso-Ramírez ◽

Guadalupe A Contreras-Mata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Immune Complexes ◽

Protective Role ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Metabolic Conditions ◽

Neuroendocrine Axis

Abstract Studies have demonstrated the presence of low-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs) directed to leptin, a key hormone of the neuroendocrine axis that regulates appetite and metabolism, in adult healthy subjects, patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present exploratory study, IgG leptin-reactive antibodies were analyzed for the first time in children and adolescents according to body mass index (BMI) and were correlated with biochemical profile (lipid profile, insulin, glucose and leptin) and metabolic risk indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, AIP). One hundred and thirty-six participants were included (children n=63, adolescents n=73). An in-house ELISA test was performed to measure IgG anti-leptin antibodies (free, total and immune complexes). In adolescents, free and total IgG anti-leptin antibodies levels were higher in groups with overweight or obesity than in normal-weight group (p<0.01), while in children, the total fractions were lower in groups with overweight and obesity than in normal-weight (p<0.02). Immune complexes percentage showed opposite correlations with BMI in children (r=0.4004, p=0.0473) and adolescents (r=-0.3983, p=0.0133). IgG anti-leptin antibodies were also correlated with HOMA-IR in children (r=-0.4569, p=0.0217) and adolescents (r=-0.3589, p=0.0316), and with AIP (r=-0.3608, p=0.0261) in adolescents. Our data suggest that the production and affinity of IgG anti-leptin antibodies can be affected by age, body composition and metabolic conditions; additionally, in normal conditions, IgG anti-leptin antibodies may have a protective role in insulin resistance and cardiovascular events.

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How reliable is BMI? Bioimpedance analysis of body composition in underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women

Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) ◽

10.1007/s11845-020-02403-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Agata Lebiedowska ◽

Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka ◽

Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Fat Content ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obese Women ◽

Normal Body

Abstract Background The human body consists of water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and minerals that build cells, tissues, and organs. In healthy people, the content of these molecules remains nearly constant. The body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to classify abnormal body composition among adults. According to the WHO, a high BMI is a major risk factor for many diseases. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a commonly used method for assessing body composition in clinical practice and medical research. Aims The aim of this study was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using BMI in diagnosis of underweight, overweight, and obesity, by comparing the value of the index with the values of body composition analysis parameters. Methods A total of 267 healthy women 18 to 35 years of age participated in this study. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed on all participants at the beginning of the experiment with an InBodyS10 device. Results In the BMI categories of overweight and obese, only women with excessive BFM were measured with BIA. The BMI category of normal body weight, apart from women with normal body composition, includes people with both deficient and excess body components, e.g., body fat or lean body mass. The BMI category of underweight includes women with different body compositions as well as people with excessive fat content. Conclusions The BMI is useful to provide a warning of excessive fat content in overweight and obese women, whereas among normal weight and underweight women, it may mask various types of body composition defects.

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Bone Mineral Density in Normal-Weight, Overweight and Obese Children and Its Association with Body Composition

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1679-1679

Author(s):

Enrique Romero-Velarde ◽

Samantha López-Peralta ◽

Edgar Vazquez Garibay ◽

Mercedes González-Hita ◽

Laura Robles-Robles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Body Composition ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Z Score ◽

Obese Children ◽

Mineral Density

Abstract Objectives Examine the differences in bone mineral density between normal-weight children and children with overewight or obesity and its association with body composition. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 49 healthy schoolchildren from 6 to 11 years of age attending the outpatient clinic of the Hospital were included. Weight and height were measured for the calculation of the body mass index for age and height for age. The diagnosis of normal-weight, overweight and obesity was made according to the criteria of the World Health Organization. Bone mineral density (BMD) was obtained by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Statistic analysis. The ANOVA test was used to compare mean values between groups. Pearson's correlation to analyze the relationship between BMD and body composition; and multiple regression models to identify associated variables. Results Mean age 8.4 ± 1.7 years; 16 with normal weight, 15 overweight and 18 with obesity. All children had a normal BMD (>–2 Z score). BMD (g/cm2 and Z score) was higher in children with obesity (p < 0.05). Bone mineral content (BMC [g]) and BMD (g/cm2) had a positive correlation with total lean and trunk mass in the three groups (p < 0.001). Fat mass correlated with BMC and BMD in children with normal-weight and overweight, but not in obese children. In multivariate models, total lean mass was the only significant variable within the model that explained the variability of BMD (g/cm2). Conclusions BMD was higher in children with obesity. Lean mass was its most important predictor, which suggests the importance of maintaining the muscular system through the practice of physical activity and healthy lifestyles. Funding Sources Universidad de Guadalajara; Hospital Civil de Guadalajara; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México.

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Body Composition in Infants of Different Ethnicities Living At High Altitudes. A Systematic Review.

Studies on Ethno-Medicine ◽

10.31901/24566772.2021/15.3-4.637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3-4) ◽

Author(s):

Dayneri León Valladares

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Age Groups ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

High Altitudes

ABSTRACT The objective of this systematic review was: to identify the main results achieved by research evaluating body composition in children of different ethnicities living at high altitudes. A systematic review was carried out using the prism method, searching for information in databases such as PUDMED, SCOPUS, and SCIELO. The elements used for the search were: population, children, adolescents, obesity, overweight, ethnic groups, altitude and characteristics of body composition. Among the main results, it was found that 4345 (78.8%) boys and girls had normal weight, while 15.43 percent were overweight and obese. Concluding that, in indigenous populations with age groups from 0 to 14 years, there was a predominance of normal weight, observing high values of overweight and obesity in preschool ages.

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Overweight and obesity in type 1 diabetes is not associated with higher ghrelin concentrations

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-021-00699-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Behiye Özcan ◽

Patric J. D. Delhanty ◽

Martin Huisman ◽

Jenny A. Visser ◽

Sebastian J. Neggers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Body Composition ◽

Positive Association ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Adult Type ◽

Overweight Adult

Abstract Background Several studies have demonstrated suppressed levels of acylated (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of these hormones in type 1 diabetes has not been extensively studied. This study assessed the relationship between AG and UAG levels and body composition in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods We selected eighteen patients with type 1 diabetes and divided them into two groups: non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Demographics, parameters of body composition and serum parameters including AG and UAG, were assessed. Results The patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were older and had a longer duration of diabetes. AG and UAG levels were not significantly different between non-obese and overweight groups (mean AG non-obese ± SD: 44.5 ± 29.4 pg/ml and mean UAG non-obese 42.4 ± 20.7 pg/ml vs mean AG overweight ± SD: 46.1 ± 29.6 pg/ml and mean UAG overweight 47.2 ± 18.2 pg/ml). AG/UAG ratios did not discriminate between these groups. There was a positive association of insuline dose/kg bodyweight with BMI (r2 = 0.45, p = 0.002). Conclusions Surprisingly, unlike non-diabetics and in T2D, we did not observe a difference in plasma levels of AG and UAG between normal weight and overweight adult type 1 diabetics. However, we did observe a positive correlation between BMI and insuline dose/kg bodyweight, suggesting that exogenous insulin is more important than the ghrelin system in the development of obesity in type 1 diabetes.

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Effect of overweight and obesity on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v35i4.17152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatih Poyraz ◽

Murat Turfan ◽

Sinan A. Kocaman ◽

Huseyin U. Yazici ◽

Nihat Sen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Diastolic Function ◽

Systolic Function ◽

Study Groups ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Diastolic Functions

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a association exits among overweight and obesity and left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions in patients admitted with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: The present study was performed on 451 consecutive patients diagnosed with first STEMI (376 men, 75 women; mean age 56.1±10.8 years). The patients were classified into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Echocardiographic features were evaluated and compared among the three groups. Results: Mitral annulus E velocities were higher in obese individuals than normal weight group (p < 0.01). In contrast, mitral A velocities were lower (p =0.03); consequently, E\A and E'\A' ratios were lower (both p =0.01) in the obese group with respect to normal weight group. When the correction of entire variations existing among the groups were performed using multivariate linear regressions analyses, it turned out that BMI was independently associated with E/A (β= -0.19, p =0.044) and with E'/A' (β= -0.016, p=0.021). Ejection fraction, wall motion score index and myocardial S velocities were comparable among the study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that while obesity has no adverse effect on the left ventricular systolic function, it has unfavorable consequences on the left ventricular diastolic function in the patients with first STEMI. In contrast, no unfavorable effects of overweight on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were detected.

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Relationship between Eating Patterns and Body Composition among Young Females in Qatar

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0219 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fatma Elsayed ◽

Aram Alhammadi ◽

Alanood Alahmad ◽

Zahra Babiker ◽

Abdelhamid Kerkadi

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Female Students ◽

Eating Patterns ◽

Young Females ◽

Significant Difference

The prevalence of obesity has been increased in Qatar, with the transition from healthy to unhealthy dietary habits. Behavioral factors that are associated with obesity are, long-term imbalanced energy intake, high screen time, skipping breakfast and physical inactivity. Changes in body composition and percent body fat (PBF) increase the risk of non-communicable disease. This study is the first study conducted in Qatar to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and body composition among young females at Qatar University. This cross-sectional study consisted of 766 healthy female students Qatari and non-Qatari aged from 18-26 years randomly selected from different colleges at Qatar University. A validate questionnaire was used in order to collect data about healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements involved body weight, height, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and body composition using “Seca285”, “Seca203” and “InbodyBiospace 720”. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor loading. Linear regression was used to estimate confidence intervals and regression coefficient. More than half of the participants had a normal weight (65.1%), whereas 22.8 % and 12.0% were overweight and obese, respectively. Fat mass, BMI and PBF were slightly increased with age, but there was no significant difference. Factor analysis identified two dietary patterns: unhealthy patterns and healthy patterns. The frequent intake of vegetables and fruits was significant among high PBF female students (p=0.045 and p=0.001, respectively). The frequent intake of fast food was higher for overweight female students but there was no significant difference (p=0.289), whereas, the frequent intake of sweetened beverages was associated with higher significant rate of normal weight among female students (p = 0.009). No significant relation was found between dietary patterns, BMI and PBF. In conclusion, body composition is not significantly associated with healthy and unhealthy eating patterns among young females.

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Accuracy of Age-Based Formula to Predict the Size and Depth of Cuffed Oral Preformed Endotracheal Tubes in Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561320980511 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014556132098051

Author(s):

Matula Tareerath ◽

Peerachatra Mangmeesri

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Endotracheal Tube ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Insertion Depth ◽

Endotracheal Tubes ◽

Endotracheal Tube Size ◽

Actual Size

Objectives: To retrospectively investigate the reliability of the age-based formula, year/4 + 3.5 mm in predicting size and year/2 + 12 cm in predicting insertion depth of preformed endotracheal tubes in children and correlate these data with the body mass index. Patients and Methods: Patients were classified into 4 groups according to their nutritional status: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity; we then retrospectively compared the actual size of endotracheal tube and insertion depth to the predicting age-based formula and to the respective bend-to-tip distance of the used preformed tubes. Results: Altogether, 300 patients were included. The actual endotracheal tube size corresponded with the Motoyama formula (64.7%, 90% CI: 60.0-69.1), except for thin patients, where the calculated size was too large (0.5 mm). The insertion depth could be predicted within the range of the bend-to-tip distance and age-based formula in 85.0% (90% CI: 81.3-88.0) of patients. Conclusion: Prediction of the size of cuffed preformed endotracheal tubes using the formula of Motoyama was accurate in most patients, except in thin patients (body mass index < −2 SD). The insertion depth of the tubes was mostly in the range of the age-based-formula to the bend-to-tip distance.

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The Role of Obesity in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000517180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Serdar Sahin ◽

Havva Sezer ◽

Ebru Cicek ◽

Yeliz Yagız Ozogul ◽

Murat Yildirim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Study Groups ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Care Providers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Introduction: The aim of this was to describe the predictors of mortality related to COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the association between overweight, obesity, and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Methods: We included the patients >18 years of age, with at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Patients were grouped according to body mass index values as normal weight <25 kg/m2 (Group A), overweight from 25 to <30 kg/m2 (Group B), Class I obesity 30 to <35 kg/m2 (Group C), and ≥35 kg/m2 (Group D). Mortality, clinical outcomes, laboratory parameters, and comorbidities were compared among 4 groups. Results: There was no significant difference among study groups in terms of mortality. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation requirement was higher in group B and D than group A, while it was higher in Group D than Group C (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.017], Group D vs. Group A [p = 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.016]). Lung involvement was less common in Group A, and presence of hypoxia was more common in Group D (Group B vs. Group A [p = 0.025], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p = 0.006], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.014]). The hospitalization rate was lower in Group A than in the other groups; in addition, patients in Group D have the highest rate of hospitalization (Group B vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group C vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group A [p < 0.001], Group D vs. Group B [p < 0.001], and Group D vs. Group C [p = 0.010]). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with overweight and obesity presented with more severe clinical findings. Health-care providers should take into account that people living with overweight and obesity are at higher risk for COVID-19 and its complications.

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