Vitamin D concentrations in infancy and the risk of tuberculosis in childhood: A prospective birth cohort in Cape Town, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Martinez ◽  
Jabulani R Ncayiyana ◽  
Liz Goddard ◽  
Maresa Botha ◽  
Lesley Workman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Testing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Abstract Introduction Low vitamin D may increase the risk of tuberculosis; however, previous observational cohort studies have had variable results. We investigated the relationship between vitamin D levels in infancy and subsequent development of tuberculosis throughout childhood. Methods We enrolled pregnant women between 20–28 weeks’ gestation attending antenatal care in a peri-urban South African setting in the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in newborn infants between 6–10 weeks of age. Children were followed prospectively for tuberculosis infection and disease using annual tuberculin skin testing, radiographic examinations, and microbiological diagnosis with GeneXpert, culture, and smear testing. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression was performed and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Children were followed for tuberculosis for a median of 7.2 years (IQR, 6.2–7.9). Among 744 children (< 1% living with HIV, 21% HIV-exposed living without HIV), those who were vitamin D deficient in early infancy were not at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (AHR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4–1.6). Infants in the lowest vitamin D concentration tertile were at similar risk of tuberculosis compared to the highest tertile (AHR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4–1.4). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with tuberculin conversion ≤2 years of age at a <30nmol/l (AOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–3.2), but not <50nmol/l (AOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8–2.9), cutoff. Conclusion In a setting with hyperendemic tuberculosis, vitamin D levels in infancy did not predict tuberculosis at any point in childhood. However, very low vitamin D levels were associated with tuberculin conversion in young children.

Headache as a risk factor for dementia: A prospective population-based study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hagen ◽  
Eystein Stordal ◽  
Mattias Linde ◽  
Timothy J Steiner ◽  
John-Anker Zwart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Headache has not been established as a risk factor for dementia. The aim of this study was to determine whether any headache was associated with subsequent development of vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other types of dementia. Methods This prospective population-based cohort study used baseline data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2) performed during 1995–1997 and, from the same Norwegian county, a register of cases diagnosed with dementia during 1997–2010. Participants aged ≥20 years who responded to headache questions in HUNT 2 were categorized (headache free; with any headache; with migraine; with nonmigrainous headache). Hazard ratios (HRs) for later inclusion in the dementia register were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Results Of 51,383 participants providing headache data in HUNT 2, 378 appeared in the dementia register during the follow-up period. Compared to those who were headache free, participants with any headache had increased risk of VaD ( n = 63) (multivariate-adjusted HR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.8, p = 0.002) and of mixed dementia (VaD and AD ( n = 52)) (adjusted HR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5, p = 0.018). There was no association between any headache and later development of AD ( n = 180). Conclusion In this prospective population-based cohort study, any headache was a risk factor for development of VaD.

Serum levels of 25(OH)D are not associated with venous thromboembolism in the elderly population

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (01) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Delluc ◽  
Marie-Pierre Moineau ◽  
Cécile Tromeur ◽  
Maelenn Gouillou ◽  
Karine Lacut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Walking Capacity

SummaryThe prevalence of both vitamin D deficiency and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is important in the elderly. Previous studies have provided evidence for a possible association between vitamin D status and the risk of VTE. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and VTE in the population aged 75 and over included in the EDITH case-control study. The association between vitamin D status and VTE was analysed. We also analysed the monthly and seasonal variations of VTE and vitamin D. Between May 2000 and December 2009, 340 elderly patients (mean age 81.5 years, 32 % men) with unprovoked VTE and their controls were included. The univariate and multivariate analysis found no significant association between serum levels of vitamin D and the risk of unprovoked VTE. In the unadjusted analysis, a higher BMI was statistically associated with an increased risk of VTE (OR 1.09; 95 % CI 1.05–1.13) whereas a better walking capacity and living at home were associated with a decreased rate of VTE: OR 0.57; 95 % CI 0.36–0.90 and 0.40; 95 % CI 0.25–0.66, respectively. Although not significant, more VTE events occurred during winter (p=0.09). No seasonal variations of vitamin D levels were found (p=0.11). In conclusion, in contrast with previous reports our findings suggest that vitamin D is not associated with VTE in the elderly population.

scholarly journals O3-3.3 Association of low vitamin D levels with increased risk of stroke in older adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A34-A34
Author(s):  
M. Busch ◽  
C. Scheidt-Nave ◽  
U. Thiem ◽  
I. Burghaus ◽  
H. J. Trampisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

scholarly journals Are soluble ST2 levels influenced by vitamin D and/or the seasons?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-700
Author(s):  
Vito Francic ◽  
Martin Keppel ◽  
Verena Schwetz ◽  
Christian Trummer ◽  
Marlene Pandis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soluble St2 ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarker

Objective Cardiovascular disease manifestation and several associated surrogate markers, such as vitamin D, have shown substantial seasonal variation. A promising cardiovascular biomarker, soluble ST2 (sST2), has not been investigated in this regard – we therefore determined if systemic levels of sST2 are affected by seasonality and/or vitamin D in order to investigate their clinical interrelation and usability. Design sST2 levels were measured in two cohorts involving hypertensive patients at cardiovascular risk, the Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial (study A; RCT design, 8 weeks 2800 IU cholecalciferol daily) and the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study (LURIC; study B; cross-sectional design). Methods The effects of a vitamin D intervention on sST2 levels were determined in study A using ANCOVA, while seasonality of sST2 levels was determined in study B using ANOVA. Results The concentrations of sST2 remained unchanged by a vitamin D intervention in study A, with a mean treatment effect (95% confidence interval) of 0.1 (−0.6 to 0.8) ng/mL; P = 0.761), despite a rise in 25(OH)D (11.3 (9.2–13.5) ng/mL; P < 0.001) compared to placebo. In study B, seasonal variations were present in 25(OH)D levels in men and women with or without heart failure (P < 0.001 for all subgroups), while sST2 levels remained unaffected by the seasons in all subgroups. Conclusions Our study provides the first evidence that systemic sST2 levels are not interrelated with vitamin D levels or influenced by the seasons in subjects at cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Association of serum vitamin D levels and transient tachypnea of newborn: a case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Reena Sood ◽  
Gursharan Singh Narang ◽  
Harnoorjit Kaur Brar ◽  
Amanjeet Kaur Bagga
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Transient Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) is a common cause of respiratory distress in newborns with estimated incidence of 1-2% of all newborns. Although a self-limiting transient condition but it may cause severe morbidities. This study was conducted to find association of serum vitamin D levels in neonates who develop TTN as compared to normal healthy neonates.Methods: With thorough history with structured questionnaire and lab tests, serum vitamin D levels of 45 neonates who develop TTN were compared with 56 healthy neonates in control group.Results: Out of 45 neonates who develop TTN 39(86.7%) were deficient in vitamin D as compared to control group where 33(58.9%) out of 56 healthy neonates were deficient in vitamin D.Conclusions: Lower vitamin D levels at birth in term neonates is associated with increased risk of developing TTN and vitamin D may have a role in its pathogenesis. 

scholarly journals Influence of serum vitamin D status on severe sarcopenia among female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the KURAMA database

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Minamino ◽  
Masao Katsushima ◽  
Mie Torii ◽  
Wataru Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshihito Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Sarcopenia is an age-related disease with an increased risk of mortality. It is emerging that low serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) affects the sarcopenic state in general, but in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), these associations are not understood although the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in RA. We conducted a cross-sectional study of older female outpatients from our cohort (KURAMA) database. We measured skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait-speed to diagnose severe sarcopenia. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A total of 156 Patients (sarcopenia:44.9%, severe sarcopenia: 29.5%, and without sarcopenia: 25.6%) were enrolled. Classification of vitamin D status at a cutoff point of median 25(OH)D concentration revealed that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia and with low measured values of muscle mass, handgrip, and gait-speed. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia (OR 6.00; 95% CI 1.99–18.08). In components of sarcopenia, both low physical performance and muscle mass were associated with low 25(OH) status. In conclusion, vitamin D levels are associated with severe sarcopenia and its components, and modification of vitamin D status including vitamin D supplementation may play a role in improving sarcopenia in RA.

Abstract P254: Daytime Napping is Associated With Incident Stroke in Community

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuting Jin ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Ruohan Li ◽  
Ya Gao ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: There are conflicting reports regarding whether daytime napping is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between daytime napping and incident stroke within a community-based cohort study. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that the duration and the frequency of daytime napping may be associated with incident stroke. Methods: Participants without previous stroke were enrolled in the present prospective study from the Sleep Heart Health Study (registration number, NCT00005275). Daytime napping were assessed with a self-reported Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Duration of daytime napping was divided into the following categories: no naps, 0-30 min, 31-60 min, or >60 min. Frequency of naps were categorised as: no naps, 1-2 times/week, 3-4 times/week, 5-6 times/week, or daily. After combining nap duration and frequency, participants were further divided into groups with regular long naps (≥5 times per week and >30 min), regular short naps (≥5 times per week and ≤30 min), irregular naps or no naps. Subsequently, participants were followed up until the first stroke occurred between the date of the completed questionnaire and the final censoring date. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the relationship between daytime napping and incident stroke. Results: The present study enrolled 4757 participants, of which 220 participants (4.6%) experienced incident stroke during an average follow-up of 10.6 years. There was a higher rate of stroke among participants taking longer and more frequent naps than others. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that, when compared with participants with no naps, those with a nap duration of ≥60 min or of 31-60 min had a higher risk of stroke (HR, 2.182; 95% CI, 1.443-3.301; HR, 1.594; 95% CI, 1.003-2.531, respectively). Moreover, there was an increased risk of stroke among participants taking daily daytime naps (HR, 1.563; 95% CI, 1.059-2.307) or napping 5-6 times per week (HR, 1.548; 95% CI, 1.026-2.335) than those with no naps. And after combining nap duration and frequency, regular long naps and regular short naps were also associated with higher risk of incident stroke (HR, 1.903; 95% CI, 1.182-3.065; HR, 1.451; 95% CI, 1.010-2.084, respectively). Conclusions: In conclusion, daytime napping of long duration and high frequency may increase the risk of incident stroke in community. Modification of sleep habits may improve the life quality among those elderly community-based population.

Increased risk of cancer in patients with retinal vein occlusion: a 12-year nationwide cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316947
Author(s):  
Min Seok Kim ◽  
Joon Hee Cho ◽  
Seong Jun Byun ◽  
Chang-Mo Oh ◽  
Kyu Hyung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Vein Occlusion ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Subsequent Cancer

AimsTo investigate the association between incident retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and the subsequent development of cancer.MethodsIn this nationwide population-based retrospective study using 2002–2013 National Health Insurance Service database which covers the entire South Korean population, 186 701 incident RVO patients and their 1:1 propensity-score matched controls were included. We defined the fixed cohort from January 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2013; the cohort included patients who suffered incident RVO after entering the cohort and their matched controls, and excluded patients having any cancer history before entering the cohort. The association of RVO and cancer was assessed by time-varying covariate Cox regression models; Model 1 included RVO as a time-varying covariate, Model 2 included Model 1 plus demographic information and Model 3 included Model 2 and comorbidities.ResultsRVO was associated with an increased risk of subsequent cancer (HR=1.29; 95% CI, 1.26–1.31 in Model 1), which was consistent in Models 2 and 3. The incidence rate of overall cancer during the study period was 25.55 (95% CI, 25.19–25.91) per 1000 person-years in the RVO group and 18.62 (95% CI, 18.46–18.79) per 1000 person-years in the control group. In the subgroup analysis, haematological malignancies showed the highest association with RVO (HR=1.65; 95% CI, 1.49–1.83).ConclusionPatients with RVO have an increased risk of subsequent cancer development even after adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities. Further study is warranted to elucidate these associations to provide proper recommendations for RVO patients regarding the cancer screening.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Subjects from Northern Finland (Latitude 65°North)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt ◽  
Jari Jokelainen ◽  
Sylvain Sebert ◽  
Juha Auvinen ◽  
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Endocrine Society ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Older Subjects

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the increased risk of several chronic diseases, especially in people living in the Northern Latitudes. The aim of this study was to assess the vitamin D status in older subjects born in 1945 in Northern Finland (latitude 65°North), and to examine its associations to components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we invited 904 subjects born in 1945 from the Oulu region (Oulu45 cohort), out of an original cohort of 1332 subjects. In the cohort, plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were determined by an enzyme immunoassay of 263 men and 373 women, with a mean age baseline of 69±0.5 years old. We assessed the participants’ usage of vitamin D supplements, as well as their lifestyle factors, using a questionnaire. Results: Nearly 80% of the subjects had low vitamin D levels [either vitamin D deficient (<50 nmol/L) or insufficient (50 – 75 nmol/L)], and only 20% of the participants had sufficient vitamin D levels (>75 nmol/L) (based on the American Endocrine Society guidelines). The low vitamin D status was associated with a high prevalence of MetS; a significantly higher number of subjects with MetS (41%) had low vitamin D levels in comparison to the non-MetS subjects (38%) (p ≤ 0.05). The subjects under vitamin D supplementation had a significantly lower incidence of MetS (42.6% vs 57.4%) and its components in comparison to the non-supplemented subjects (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Low vitamin D levels are a risk factor for MetS amongst other lifestyle factors, such as dietary habits and physical inactivity, among older subjects in the Northern Latitudes (65°North). Optimal supplementation of vitamin D, along with rich dietary sources of vitamin D, are highly recommended for older subjects as a means to positively affect, e.g., hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity, as components of the MetS.

scholarly journals Mid-life serum Vitamin D concentrations were associated with incident dementia but not late-life neuropsychological performance in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun E. Fashanu ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Andrea L. C. Schneider ◽  
Andreea M. Rawlings ◽  
A. Richey Sharrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neuropsychological Outcomes

Abstract Background Activated Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties and adequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations may be important for neurocognitive function and protection against neurologic injury. We examined whether mid-life 25(OH) D concentrations were associated with later-life performance on neuropsychological testing, functional ability, depressive symptoms, and incident dementia. Methods We studied 13,039 white and black ARIC participants who had serum 25(OH) D measured mid-life at visit 2 (1990–1992). Over the next ~ 20 years through visit 5 (2011–2013), participants underwent 3 additional in-person visits, annual telephone calls, and hospitalization surveillance. An extensive battery of neuropsychological outcomes were assessed at visit 5 using standardized protocols. Incident dementia was ascertained through a formal algorithm that included data from in-person cognitive testing, telephone interviews, hospital discharge codes, and death certificate codes. Diagnoses of dementia were adjudicated by expert clinician committee. For the primary cognitive analyses, we imputed for missing covariates and outcomes and used linear regression to evaluate non-concurrent cross-sectional associations of mid-life 25(OH) D (visit 2) with late-life neuropsychological outcomes (visit 5). We also used Cox regression models to examine associations of mid-life 25(OH) D and incident dementia. Results In mid-life, the mean (SD) age of participants was 57 (6) years, 57% were women, and 24% black. Mean (SD) 25(OH) D was 24.3 (8.6) ng/mL; 33% had deficient (< 20 ng/mL), 44% intermediate (20- < 30 ng/mL), and 23% sufficient (≥30 ng/mL) 25(OH) D concentrations. Association between mid-life 25(OH) D and late-life performance on neuropsychological testing were mostly null. There was no significant association with functional ability or depressive symptoms. Results were similar in a sensitivity analysis using complete-case data (no imputation). However, after a median follow-up of 20 years, low 25(OH) D concentrations were associated with increased risk for incident dementia (p = 0.01 for trend across categories), with HR of 1.26 (95% CI 1.06, 1.49) for participants with deficient 25(OH) D, compared to sufficient concentrations. Conclusion In this community cohort, mid-life serum 25(OH) D concentrations were associated with incident dementia but not with performance on neuropsychological testing, functional ability, or depressive symptoms, 20 years later. Whether serum 25(OH) D concentrations are causally related to dementia or confounded by poorer health status remains uncertain. Trial registration Registered on clinicaltrials.gov NCT00005131.

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