Clinical Evaluation of Kinetic Enzymatic Fixed-Time and Integral Analysis of Serum Triglycerides

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
T O Tiffany ◽  
J M Morton ◽  
E M Hall ◽  
A S Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

Abstract Serum triglycerides can be enzymatically determined by hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids [Clin. Chem. 19, 476 (1973)]. Enzyme integral (end-point) and fixed-time rate analyses of serum triglycerides by this procedure have been investigated with a centrifugal analyzer. We determined the precision of blank determinations, the contribution of normal serum alkaline phosphatase to total values, and the amount of endogenous glycerol in fasting serum samples and blood collection tubes. We also made a statistical analysis of enzymatic triglyceride values obtained for a healthy, fasting (12-16 h) population of men and women. The relative merits of both procedures are discussed.

Estimation, prevention, and quality control of carbon dioxide loss during aerobic sample processing.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1676-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z L Bandi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Quality Control Program ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Tert Butylamine ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

Abstract We find that 2 to 6 mmol of carbon dioxide per liter (mean: 4.1 mmol/L) is lost during routine laboratory processing of patients' serum samples after centrifugation. Additional CO2 may be lost if evacuated blood-collection tubes are not filled completely during phlebotomy. More than 2 mmol of CO2 per liter is lost from samples stored in tightly stoppered tubes for 120 min if the tubes are less than half full. In extreme cases, 8 mmol of CO2 per liter may be lost from samples exposed to room air in open cups of automated micro-sample instruments. Clinically significant CO2 loss (greater than 2 mmol/L) before analysis is not detected by many laboratories because the generally accepted quality-control programs monitor only the very last step of the analytical process. A valid CO2 quality-control program should include samples with high as well as the generally used low pCO2 values. Alkalinization of serum and plasma samples with tert-butylamine prevents CO2 loss. Optimum tert-butylamine concentration, pH, and pCO2 were about 14 to 16 mmol/L, 9.0 to 9.3, and 0.4 to 1.5 mmHg (about 50 to 200 Pa).

scholarly journals Blood Collection Tubes Influence Serum Ficolin-1 and Ficolin-2 Levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Brady ◽  
Brady L. Spencer ◽  
Ann R. Falsey ◽  
Moon H. Nahm
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes ◽  
Clot Activator ◽  
Binding Lectin

ABSTRACTThe ficolins are members of a recently discovered family of host innate opsonins that can activate the lectin pathway of complement. The ficolins bind many ligands, although they are typically described as binding acetylated sugars. Ficolin-1 (M-ficolin) and ficolin-2 (L-ficolin) are known to bindStreptococcus pneumoniaeserotypes 19C and 11A, respectively. While studying the binding of ficolins to pneumococci, we found variations in ficolin-2 binding among serum samples collected in different types of blood collection tubes. Plastic tubes, which contain a silica clot activator, yielded sera with reduced ficolin-2 binding and apparent ficolin-2 levels. We found that the silica clot activator eluted from plastic red-top tubes inhibited ficolin-2 ligand binding, while other related proteins, like mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-1, were not affected. These tube types did not affect the concentrations of other related opsonins (C1q, MBL, or ficolin-3 [H-ficolin]). Interestingly, we also found that ficolin-1 levels were increased 2- to 3-fold in plastic serum separator tubes compared to the increases in other tube types. These findings have implications for future ficolin-1 and ficolin-2 studies, as proper sample collection and handling are essential.

scholarly journals The Influence of Blood Collection Tubes in Biomarkers Screening by Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Zixuan Zhao ◽  
Wenjing Duan ◽  
Zhaoxin li ◽  
Zhuhui Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

AbstractBackgroundMass spectrometry (MS) is one of the rapidly developing bio-analytical techniques in recent years and have found many biomarkers of variety of disease. Whereas pre-analytical process is one of most crucial procedure which would significantly influence the results of biomarkers screening. In the current study, we conducted a pilot analysis of serum to determine the effects of blood collection tubes in biomarkers screening.MethodsMagnetic bead separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used for qualitative analysis of healthy control and serum cancer patients. A total of 24 serum samples were analyzed in this study, of which were collected from patients or healthy control using non-additive tubes or coagulant activator tubes respectively. ClinProTools were used to compare the difference among the different groups.ResultsThe results demonstrated that no matter for patients or normal people, the serum protein profile changed significantly when using coagulant tubes. We also found that the effect of coagulant on serum protein of patients was smaller than that of control group. There were significant differences among 27 peaks which were obtained in the control group and the control coagulant group. However, between patient group and patient coagulant group, only 1 differential peak were obtained. Coagulant changed the protein expression difference in the original serum, and the difference expanded, narrowed even reversed, most of which are small polypeptides (Mass<3000 Da), which significantly changed the results of biomarkers screening. The results showed that 19 potential biomarkers could be found with non-additive tubes and 16 potential biomarkers could be found with coagulate activator tubes, among which only 6 were the same.ConclusionsThe choice of blood collection tube significantly influence the results of biomarkers screening by MS.

scholarly journals Effect of Blood Collection Tubes on Total Triiodothyronine and Other Laboratory Assays

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffick AR Bowen ◽  
Yung Chan ◽  
Joshua Cohen ◽  
Nadja N Rehak ◽  
Glen L Hortin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Total Triiodothyronine ◽  
Patient Values ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

Abstract Background: Increased total triiodothyronine (TT3) assay results in apparently euthyroid patients triggered an investigation of the effect of blood collection tubes on serum TT3 and other laboratory assays. Methods: We examined potential assay interference for three types of tubes: plastic Greiner Bio-One™ Vacuette™; glass Becton Dickinson (BD) Vacutainer™; and plastic BD Vacutainer SST™ tubes. Serum samples from apparently healthy volunteers (age range, 30–60 years; 15 males and 34 females) were collected in different tube types and analyzed in 17 immunoassays (n = 49), 30 clinical chemistry tests (n = 20), and 33 immunology assays (n = 15). Tube effects were also examined by adding pooled serum to different tube types. Results: TT3 values, when measured by the IMMULITE™ 2000 but not the AxSYM™ analyzer, were significantly higher (P &lt;0.0001) for SST (2.81 nmol/L) than either glass (2.15 nmol/L) or Vacuette (2.24 nmol/L) tubes. The effect was large enough to substantially shift the distribution of patient values, increasing the percentage of values above the reference interval from 11.3% to 35.8%. The degree of interference from SST tubes on TT3 differed among various tube lots and could be attributed to a tube additive shared by other plastic tubes. Results from several other tests statistically differed among tube types, but differences were not considered to be clinically significant. Conclusions: Assay interferences from blood collection tubes represent challenges to clinical laboratories because they are not detected by the usual quality-control or proficiency testing programs. Laboratories can, however, address this problem by monitoring distribution of patients’ results.

Development of an assay based on SOMAmer affinity reagents that detects drug-unbound serum EGFR in the presence of cetuximab and panitumumab.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2587-2587
Author(s):  
Noh Jin Park ◽  
Xiuqiang Wang ◽  
Dana Root ◽  
Angelica Diaz ◽  
Weimin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Patient ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Patient Responses

2587 Background: EGFR is an oncogene product whose extracellular domain (ECD) can be either up-regulated or down-regulated in serum of patients with various cancers. In colon cancer patients with positive tissue EGFR expression, 2 EGFR ECD-targeting monoclonal antibody drugs, cetuximab (Erbitux) and panitumumab (Vectibix), are widely used chemotherapeutic agents. Patient responses to these drugs vary, and the mechanism of this variability remains unelucidated. Methods: A Slow Off-Rate Modified Aptamer (SOMAmer) targeting the EGFR ECD was selected via Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Using this SOMAmer as a capturing reagent and based on published studies ( Gold et al. PLoS ONE; Dec 7, 2010:10.1371/journal.pone.0015004), we developed a quantitative serum EGFR assay to reliably quantify EGFR in serum. Results: Recovery tests using various amounts of purified EGFR spiked into serum demonstrated a full level of EGFR. Intra and inter assay variability were tested and showed minimum variability. The detection range is 0.95 ng/ml to 600 ng/ml. Interestingly, when serum samples from patients taking cetuximab or panitumumab at the time of blood collection were tested, we observed markedly lower levels of EGFR-captured SOMAmer. ELISA assays from 2 different vendors showed normal to high levels of EGFR in these samples. We further showed that pretreatment of normal serum with either cetuximab or panitumumab can dose-dependently reduce the EGFR SOMAmer signal. The data suggest that our EGFR SOMAmer assay detects serum EGFR molecules that are unbound by cetuximab or panitumumab. Some treated patient samples had more drastic reductions in circulating serum EGFR than others. Conclusions: Various assay development parameters such as accuracy, detection range, and intra and inter assay variability showed that a SOMAmer-based assay detecting serum EGFR can be used in a clinical setting. Our data suggest that this assay can accurately measure drug-unbound EGFR in patients, which may serve as a surrogate drug efficacy indicator, and this may help physicians to adjust the drug dosage. Further studies will be necessary to investigate this possibility.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation of gEGF on the Growth Performance and Immunity of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Jianyong Zhou ◽  
Jingyi Yao ◽  
Luhong Bai ◽  
Chuansong Sun ◽  
Jianjun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Growth Of Animals

EGF has been shown to stimulate the growth of animals. In this study, the content of EGF in chicken embryos (gallus EGF, gEGF) aged from 1 to 20 days of incubation were determined by ELISA kit, and the 5-day-old chicken embryos with the highest content of 5593 pg/g were selected to make gEGF crude extracts. A total of 1500 1-day-old Xianju chickens were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates of 50 chickens each. The control group was fed a basal diet, and other treatment diets were supplemented with 4, 8, 16 and 32 ng/kg gEGF crude extract, respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days. Chicks were harvested at the end of the experiment, and liver, spleen, thymus, bursa and serum samples were collected. Results showed that average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of 16 ng/kg group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The serum uric acid (UA) of the 16 ng/kg group was reduced (p < 0.01), and the serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the 16 ng/kg group increased (p < 0.01). The gEGF extract also increased chick’s antioxidant capacity, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased catalase (CAT) in the liver and serum of 16 ng/kg groups in compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, immunity was improved by the addition of gEGF to broiler diets. The serum immunoglobin A (IgA) content of 8 and 16 ng/kg groups and the serum immunoglobin M (IgM) content of 4 and 8 ng/kg groups were increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. The bursa index of each experimental group was higher than the control group (p < 0.01). These findings demonstrate that the crude extract of gEGF prepared in this experiment could improve the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of broilers.

scholarly journals Inflammatory risk factors for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with severe influenza

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052091805
Author(s):  
Tianshu Zhai ◽  
Xiaojing Wu ◽  
Nannan Zhang ◽  
Xu Huang ◽  
Qingyuan Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Severe Influenza ◽  
Ifn Γ

Objective Inflammation and viral infections can induce significant changes in lipid metabolism. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) often occurs secondary to obesity, which is an independent risk factor for influenza virus infection. However, the inflammatory risk factors contributing to HTG in patients with severe influenza have yet to be elucidated. Materials and methods Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from 33 patients with severe influenza (n = 26 control patients with normal serum triglyceride levels and n = 7 HTG patients with serum triglycerides >2.3 mM). Levels of 45 putative inflammatory risk factors were quantitated using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results Plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, hepatocyte growth factor, stem cell factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor A were significantly higher in HTG patients compared with control patients. BALF samples from HTG patients contained significantly higher levels of IL-1RA and lower levels of IFN-γ-inducible protein-10. Conclusion HTG in patients with severe influenza is associated with alterations in several inflammatory risk factors. Our results provide new insights that may enable more effective clinical management of severe influenza combined with HCT.

scholarly journals Comparison of Blood Collection Tubes from Three Different Manufacturers for the Collection of Cell-Free DNA for Liquid Biopsy Mutation Testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Alidousty ◽  
Danielle Brandes ◽  
Carina Heydt ◽  
Svenja Wagener ◽  
Maike Wittersheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Mutation Testing ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

Saliva and serum testosterone following oral testosterone undecanoate administration in normal and hypogonadal men

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Schürmeyer ◽  
E. J. Wickings ◽  
C. W. Freischem ◽  
E. Nieschlag
Keyword(s):  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Testosterone Undecanoate ◽  
Absorption Pattern ◽  
High Interindividual Variability ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Testosterone Ester

Abstract. Since saliva testosterone reflects the testosterone fraction available to target tissues the therapeutic effectiveness of orally administered testosterone undecanoate was assessed by measuring testosterone in serum and saliva. Matched saliva and serum samples were obtained from 12 normal men and 8 hypogonadal men before and at hourly intervals after the oral administration of 120 mg testosterone undecanoate. The test was repeated in 3 men after they had taken 40 mg testosterone undecanoate twice daily for 4 to 5 weeks. Following testosterone undecanoate administration serum and saliva testosterone always showed parallel increases. However, the absorption curves showed a high interindividual variability in the time when maximum concentrations were reached, as well as in the maximum levels themselves. The increases in serum and saliva testosterone were similar in normal and hypogonadal men. In normal men basal levels were reached 4 h after the maximum had occurred, while in hypogonadal men testosterone levels were not different from basal levels 2 h after the maximum. The study shows that testosterone undecanoate is well absorbed from the gut and releases significantly elevated amounts of testosterone which is available to target tissues. As the absorption pattern was always parallel in both fluids, hydrolysis of the circulating testosterone ester by the tissue ifself seems to effect no additional increase of testosterone in the tissue.

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