P119 The impact of minimal alcohol price policy on premature CVD mortality in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Davletov ◽  
A Mereke ◽  
S Tussupbekova ◽  
A Tolegenova
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Mortality Decline ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Price ◽  
Cvd Mortality ◽  
Alcohol Sales

Abstract Background In Kazakhstan, premature cardiovascular (CVD) mortality is one of the highest in the world despite the dramatic decline of CVD mortality since 2006.  Our previous research found that alcohol consumption was the main determinant of premature CVD mortality in Kazakhstan and the decrease of alcohol use was the main factor influencing the CVD mortality decline. Purpose With the aim of examining the impact of minimal price changes for strong spirits (vodka) and alcohol sales on premature CVD mortality in 2006-2014, we compared age-specific CVD mortality for the age group 19-49 with changes in the minimal price of strong spirit (vodka) and alcohol sales. Methods Age-specific CVD mortality rates in age group 19-49 in Kazakhstan were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database and explored with regard to changes in minimal prices of vodka and alcohol sales in Kazakhstan over this period. Results Age-standardized CVD mortality rates in age group 19-49 declined by 47% from 2006 to 2014, for both men and women.  However, we observed the plateauing effect in CVD mortality trend in 2015-2017. These mortality trends coincided with the sharp increase in minimal vodka prices and decrease or flatten in alcohol sales in 2006-2014 period and consequent minimal price decrease and plateauing in 2015-2017 that was accompanied by increase of alcohol sales in this period. Conclusions Our findings indicate that public health measures such as tax increases for strong spirits can be a very effective CVD prevention strategy in Kazakhstan and other former USSR countries, where similar mortality trends can be observed. Unfortunately, this mortality decline was not sustained over time. We believe it happened due to a weakened policy in regard to the minimal alcohol prices.  Therefore, there is much scope for further policy action in this area. Abstract P119 Figure. CVD and Alcohol price

scholarly journals Age- and Sex-Specific In-Hospital Mortality after Myocardial Infarction in Routine Clinical Practice

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizobam Ani ◽  
Deyu Pan ◽  
David Martins ◽  
Bruce Ovbiagele
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex

Background. Literature regarding the influence of age/sex on mortality trends for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) hospitalizations is limited to hospitals participating in voluntary AMI registries.Objective. Evaluate the impact of age and sex on in-hospital AMI mortality using a nationally representative hospital sample.Methods. Secondary data analysis using AMI hospitalizations identified from the Nationwide-Inpatient-Sample (NIS). Descriptive and Cox proportional hazards analysis explored mortality trends by age and sex from 1997–2006 while adjusting for the influence of, demographics, co-morbidity, length of hospital stay and hospital characteristics.Results. From 1997–2006, in-hospital AMI mortality rates decreased across time in all subgroups (), except for males aged <55 years. The greatest decline was observed in females aged <55 years, compared to similarly aged males, mortality outcomes were poorer in 1997-1998 (RR 1.47, 95% CI  =  1.30–1.66), when compared with 2005-2006 (RR 1.03, 95% CI  =  0.90–1.18), adjusted value for trend demonstrated a statistically significant decline in the relative AMI mortality risk for females when compared with males (<0.001).Conclusion. Over the last decade, in-hospital AMI mortality rates declined for every age/sex group except males <55 years. While AMI female-male mortality disparity has narrowed, some room for improvement remains.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Birutė Strukčinskienė ◽  
Robert Bauer ◽  
Sigitas Griškonis ◽  
Vaiva Strukčinskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Young People ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.

scholarly journals Mortality trends in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis from 1981 to 2015 in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Yung Su ◽  
Long-Teng Lee ◽  
Wen-Chung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cohort Model ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Therapy Program

Abstract Background Globally, the morbidity and mortality rates for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are increasing. The National Viral Hepatitis Therapy Program in Taiwan was implemented in 2003, but evidence regarding the program’s effect on the trends of mortality for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is limited. Methods We analyzed mortality rates for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in Taiwan for the period from 1981 to 2015. An autoregressive age–period–cohort model was used to estimate age, period, and cohort effects. Results Age-adjusted mortality rates for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis all displayed a flat but variable trend from 1981 to 2004 and a decreasing trend thereafter for both sexes. The age–period–cohort model revealed differential age gradients between the two sexes; mortality rates in the oldest age group (90–94 years) were 12 and 66 times higher than those in the youngest age group (30–34 years) for men and women, respectively. The period effects indicated that mortality rates declined after 2004 in both sexes. Mortality rates decreased in men but increased in women in the 1891–1940 birth cohorts and increased in both sexes in the birth cohorts from 1950 onward. Conclusions The National Viral Hepatitis Therapy Program in Taiwan may have contributed to the decrease in mortality rates for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in adulthood.

Accelerated melanoma mortality rates among middle-aged white males with tumors of all thicknesses.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21029-e21029
Author(s):  
Juliana Berk-Krauss ◽  
David Polsky ◽  
Jennifer Stein ◽  
Alan Geller
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Melanoma Mortality

e21029 Background: Effective early detection of melanoma remains one of the most crucial strategies in improving patient prognosis, due to the inverse relationship between primary tumor thickness and survival time. However, recent studies have demonstrated the mortality burden of thin melanomas is at least as severe as that of thicker melanomas. Recognizing specific mortality trends among men and women by age and thickness is essential for establishing targeted melanoma screening efforts. Methods: We evaluated Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data from 2009-2013. Melanoma thickness was divided into four standard categories: 0.01-1.00mm, 1.01-2.00mm, 2.01-4.00mm and > 4.01 mm. Melanoma mortalities were calculated among white men and women by age and thickness. We used a Bayesian analysis to calculate the probability of an individual dying from a melanoma of a given gender, age, and thickness. We then compared these probabilities between men and women. Results: Among white men, the largest increases in mortality rates occurred in the jump from the 45-49 to 50-54 age group at an increase of 68% for 0.01-1.00mm tumors, and from the 50-54 to 55-59 age group at an increase of 91% for 1.01-2.00mm tumors, 71% 2.01-4.00mm tumors and 80% for > 4.01mm tumors. In white women, mortality rates regardless of thickness increased at a slow incremental pace, across all age groups at an average overall rate of 36%. Mortality rates for white men with < 1mm and 1.01-2mm melanomas were comparable within the age groups less than 64 years, as was the case for white women with tumors of these thicknesses. The probability of a man dying was greater than of a woman for any age or thickness category. Conclusions: Melanoma mortality rate trends are nuanced and can vary significantly by age, thickness, and gender. In white men, mortality rates begin to accelerate sharply around the mid-50s age group. Screening efforts should therefore target detecting melanoma in middle-aged males in the in situ or earliest stage.

Abstract P365: Turning in the Mortality Trends from Coronary Heart Disease in Japan: Age-Specific Analysis of the Regional Difference in Japan from 1969 to 2007

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Okayama ◽  
Nagako Okuda ◽  
Hirotsugu Ueshima
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Younger Generation

Objective: To examine the recent mortality trends of coronary heart disease (CHD), we compared the age specific CHD mortality trends in Japan and in urban and in the rest of Japan, respectively using Vital Statistics. Methods and Results: We compared CHD mortality rates in all Japan, the urban population (20 million) and in the rest of Japan (100 million) from 1969 to 2007 for 30 to 69 years of age. In 1969 [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]] 1970, the age[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]adjusted CHD mortality rate was 57.7 per 100,000 for men and 25.9 for women in Japan, and was the same as those of the urban population (59.2 for men and 26.8 for women) and the rest of Japan (57.3 for men and 25.9 for women). The CHD mortality rate in the rest of Japan decreased to 28.4 for men and 7.6 for women in 2006-2007. Although CHD mortality rate in the urban population also decreased to 39.9 for men and 10.1 for women in 2006 - 2007, the decline was much smaller. Trends in age-specific CHD mortality rates was compared between Period I (1969 - 1978), Period II (1981- 1994) and period III (1996 - 2007). Among men in Japan and in the rest of Japan, the decline in the mortality rate for the 30 to 49[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]year[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]old[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]age group was initially observed in Period I and II, and has turned to increase significantly (p<0.001) in the Period III while continuous declining trends in 50-59 and 60-69 year old-age-group. Trends in urban population went ahead, changes in the declining trends was observed both the Period II and III among 30-49 year-old-age group and period III among 50-59 year-old-age group while continuous decline was observed among 60-69 year-old-age group. Similar trends were observed among women. These trends coincide with the increase in the fat intake mainly among younger generation. Conclusions: Observed increase in CHD mortality of men in Japan among younger generation proceeded by those in the urban population may predict the future increase in CHD mortality in Japan.

scholarly journals Assessing Progress in Reducing the Burden of Cancer Mortality, 1985-2005

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Soneji ◽  
Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez ◽  
Harold C. Sox
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Average Person ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Purpose Measuring the effect of cancer interventions must take into account rising cancer incidence now that people live longer because of declines in mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cancer mortality rates in the population do not accomplish this objective. We sought a measure that would reveal the effects of changing mortality rates from other diseases. Methods We obtained annual breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer mortality rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries; we obtained noncancer mortality rates from national death certificates, 1975 to 2005. We used life-table methods to calculate the burden of cancer mortality as the average person-years of life lost (PYLL) as a result of cancer (cancer-specific PYLL) and quantify individual—and perhaps offsetting—contributions of the two factors that affect cancer-specific PYLL: mortality rates as a result of cancer and other-cause mortality. Results Falling cancer mortality rates reduced the burden of mortality from leading cancers, but increasing cancer incidence as a result of decreasing other-cause mortality rates partially offset this progress. Between 1985 and 1989 and between 2000 and 2004, the burden of lung cancer in males declined by 0.1 year of life lost. This decline reflects the sum of two effects: decreasing lung cancer mortality rates that reduced the average burden of lung cancer mortality by 0.33 years of life lost and declining other-cause mortality rates that raised it by 0.23 years. Other common cancers showed similar patterns. Conclusion By using a measure that accounts for increased cancer incidence as a result of improvements in CVD mortality, we find that prior assessments have underestimated the impact of cancer interventions.

scholarly journals The impact of inequalities and health expenditure on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Ramos da Cunha ◽  
Alessandro Bigoni ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Fernando Neves Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study aims to assess the magnitude and trend of mortality rates due to oral (OC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in the 133 Intermediate Geographic Regions (IGR) of Brazil between 1996 and 2018 and to analyze its association with sociodemographic variables and provision of health services. It also aims to compare the trend of mortality from neoplasms that have been reported as associated with HPV (OPC) with the trend of neoplasms that have been reported as not associated with HPV (OC). We obtained mortality data from the Mortality Information System in Brazil and analyzed the trends using the Prais-Winsten method. Then, we assessed the relationship between mortality trends and socioeconomic, health spending, and health services provision variables. The median of the annual percent change of the country’s mortality rates was 0.63% for OC and 0.83% for OPC. Trends in mortality in the IGRs correlated significantly with the Human Development Index and government expenditure on ambulatory health care and hospitalizations. Mortality from both types of cancer decreased in those IGR in which the government spent more on health and in the more socioeconomically developed ones. This study found no epidemiological indication that HPV plays the leading etiological factor in OPC in Brazil.

The Mortality Effects of Reduced Medicaid Coverage Among International Migrants in Hawaii: 2012–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Molina ◽  
Tetine Sentell ◽  
Randall Q. Akee ◽  
Alvin Onaka ◽  
Timothy J. Halliday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
International Migrants ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To study the impact on mortality in Hawaii from the revoked state Medicaid program coverage in March 2015 for most Compact of Free Association (COFA) migrants who were nonblind, nondisabled, and nonpregnant. Methods. We computed quarterly crude mortality rates for COFA migrants, Whites, and Japanese Americans from March 2012 to November 2018. We employed a difference-in-difference research design to estimate the impact of the Medicaid expiration on log mortality rates. Results. We saw larger increases in COFA migrant mortality rates than White mortality rates after March 2015. By 2018, the increase was 43% larger for COFA migrants (P = .003). Mortality trends over this period were similar for Whites and Japanese Americans, who were not affected by the policy. Conclusions. Mortality rates of COFA migrants increased after Medicaid benefits expired despite the availability of state-funded premium coverage for private insurance and significant outreach efforts to reduce the impact of this coverage change.

scholarly journals How have changes in death by cause and age group contributed to the recent stalling of life expectancy gains in Scotland? Comparative decomposition analysis of mortality data, 2000–2002 to 2015–2017

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e036529
Author(s):  
Julie Ramsay ◽  
Jon Minton ◽  
Colin Fischbacher ◽  
Lynda Fenton ◽  
Maria Kaye-Bardgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveAnnual gains in life expectancy in Scotland were slower in recent years than in the previous two decades. This analysis investigates how deaths in different age groups and from different causes have contributed to annual average change in life expectancy across two time periods: 2000–2002 to 2012–2014 and 2012–2014 to 2015–2017.SettingScotland.MethodsLife expectancy at birth was calculated from death and population counts, disaggregated by 5 year age group and by underlying cause of death. Arriaga’s method of life expectancy decomposition was applied to produce estimates of the contribution of different age groups and underlying causes to changes in life expectancy at birth for the two periods.ResultsAnnualised gains in life expectancy between 2012–2014 and 2015–2017 were markedly smaller than in the earlier period. Almost all age groups saw worsening mortality trends, which deteriorated for most cause of death groups between 2012–2014 and 2015–2017. In particular, the previously observed substantial life expectancy gains due to reductions in mortality from circulatory causes, which most benefited those aged 55–84 years, more than halved. Mortality rates for those aged 30–54 years and 90+ years worsened, due in large part to increases in drug-related deaths, and dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, respectively.ConclusionFuture research should seek to explain the changes in mortality trends for all age groups and causes. More investigation is required to establish to what extent shortcomings in the social security system and public services may be contributing to the adverse trends and preventing mitigation of the impact of other contributing factors, such as influenza outbreaks.

scholarly journals The Impact of Inequalities and Health Expenditure on Mortality Due to Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A 20-Year Trend Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Cunha ◽  
Alessandro Bigoni ◽  
José Antunes ◽  
Fernando Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: To assess the magnitude and trend of mortality rates due to oral (OC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in the 133 Intermediate Geographic Regions (IGR) of Brazil between 1996 and 2018 and to analyze its association with sociodemographic variables and provision of health services. It also aims to compare the trend of mortality from neoplasms that have been reported as associated with HPV (OPC) with the trend of neoplasms that have been reported as not associated with HPV (OC). Methods: We obtained mortality data from the Mortality Information System in Brazil and analyzed the trends using the Prais-Winsten method. Then, we assessed the relationship between mortality trends and socioeconomic, health spending, and health services provision variables. Results: The median of the APC of the country’s mortality rates was 0.63% for OC and 0.83% for OPC. Trends in mortality in the IGRs correlated significantly with the Human Development Index and government expenditure on ambulatory health care and hospitalizations. Conclusions: Mortality from both types of cancer decreased in those IGR in which the government spent more on health and in the more socioeconomically developed ones. This study found no epidemiological evidence that HPV plays the leading etiological factor in OPC in Brazil.

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