scholarly journals Pseudo-Wealth and Consumption Fluctuations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Guzman ◽  
Joseph E Stiglitz
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
Aggregate Consumption ◽  
Aggregate Risk ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Intertemporal Consumption ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Consumption Fluctuations ◽  
Real Assets

Abstract This paper provides an explanation for situations in which the fundamental state variables describing the economy do not change, but aggregate consumption experiences significant changes. We present a theory of pseudo-wealth—individuals’ perceived wealth that is derived from expectations of gains in bets arising from heterogeneous expectations. This wealth is divorced from society's real assets. The creation of a market for bets necessarily generates positive pseudo-wealth. Changes in the magnitude of differences of prior beliefs will lead to changes in expected wealth and hence to changes in consumption, implying instability in aggregate and individual consumption and ex-post intertemporal consumption misallocations. Moreover, ‘completing markets’ through the creation of a new market for bets can increase individual and aggregate risk. With a utilitarian social welfare function, completing markets leads to lower welfare ex-post, but the first theorem of welfare economics (evaluating each individual's well-being on the basis of her ex ante beliefs) still holds, raising unsettling questions for welfare analysis. We also show that if the planner uses beliefs that are consistent, then the betting equilibrium would be Pareto inferior.

Vaccines for aquaculture overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Khishov ◽  
◽  
Galina I. Burlakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Short Development Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture production is a promising direction for the development of food production. Like traditional types of animal husbandry, it needs effective medicines for veterinary use, which would ensure not only the well-being of farmed aquatic organisms, but also increase the safety of the fish products and non-fish objects of fishing. The development of measures to control epizootic processes in aquatic organisms is impossible without the creation of new immunological preparations. The development and use of immunobiological drugs will reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. The corresponding set of pharmaceutical drugs was transferred from the traditional veterinary medicine, but due to the peculiarities of the biology of aquatic animals, their immunity and the characteristics of specific pathogens, this could not be done with biological products. The short development time in the aquaculture industry poses current challenges in the form of a lack of basic and applied research for relatively poorly understood groups of new pathogens. The immunological processes associated with the development and intensity of the immune response in aquatic organisms require a detailed study. For domestic aquaculture producers, the analysis and dissemination of the experience accumulated by mankind and the application of advanced developments in this area are even more relevant, since Russia is just beginning its path of intensifying aquaculture production. At the same time, it is clear that the prohibition of the use and monitoring of antimicrobial agents in food products and feed requires a change in the approach to the problem and will lead to the creation of new immunobiological drugs. The market for immunobiological preparations for aquaculture is the most promising for development. In the article, the authors provide data on the development and registration of vaccines for aquaculture in Europe, North and South America.

scholarly journals Do Learning Approaches Set the Stage for Emotional Well-Being in College Students?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6984
Author(s):  
Jesús de la Fuente ◽  
Francisco Javier Peralta-Sánchez ◽  
José Manuel Martínez-Vicente ◽  
Flavia H. Santos ◽  
Salvatore Fadda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Achievement Emotions ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
Linear Predictors

The research aim of this paper was two-fold: to generate evidence that personality factors are linear predictors of the variable approaches to learning (a relevant cognitive-motivational variable of Educational Psychology); and to show that each type of learning approach differentially predicts positive or negative achievement emotions, in three learning situations: class time, study time, and testing. A total of 658 university students voluntarily completed validated questionnaires referring to these three variables. Using an ex post facto design, we conducted correlational analyses, regression analyses, and multiple structural predictions. The results showed that Conscientiousness is associated with and predicts a Deep Approach to learning, while also predicting positive achievement emotions. By contrast, Neuroticism is associated with and significantly predicts a Surface Approach to learning, as well as negative achievement emotions. There are important psychoeducational implications in the university context, both for prevention and for self-improvement, and for programs that offer psychoeducational guidance.

Family Resemblances, Practical Interrelations and Material Extensions: Understanding Sexual Prohibitions, Production and Consumption in Kilimanjaro

Africa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Christian Myhre
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Mode ◽  
Language Games ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Family Resemblances ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractThrough the ‘procreative paradigm’, sexuality and its relationships to other social practices have recently regained importance in the study of sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its apparent novelty, I argue that this paradigm invokes an anthropological approach that harks back to the discipline's beginnings. In an attempt at a fresh departure, I use Ludwig Wittgenstein's late philosophy to investigate the meaning of sexual prohibitions among the Chagga-speaking people of Rombo District, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Starting from local linguistic usage, I describe the multiple ‘language-games’ of the vernacular notion of ‘power’,horu. In this manner, I demonstrate how production, reproduction and consumption are conceptually, practically and materially intertwined through the ‘family resemblances’ of this local concept.Horuis expended through productive practices; in multiple ways it is converted, transferred and exchanged between adults and children in reproduction; and it is replenished through the consumption of specific ‘powerful’ foods. By means of different objects, the activities of work, sex and feeding enable ‘power’ to flow between persons. The multiple vernacular usages of the notion ofhoru, and its practical and material concomitants, interrelate diverse spheres of social life in such a manner that they constitute an overlapping network that extends laterally. Human capability and well-being are constituted through participation in these activities, and engagement in the mutual flows, conversions and exchanges of ‘power’ that encompass humans, livestock and vegetable matter. The sexual prohibitions of Rombo regulate and channel these flows and conversions, in order to ensure their beneficial effects for the parties concerned. I therefore argue that the sexual prohibitions are notex post factointerpretations or justifications that explain or control preceding experiences, but rather that they are constitutive of the local mode of life. An appreciation of lateral relationships between concepts, practices and objects enables an evasion of some of the problems that arise from the procreative paradigm.

The Art of Revolutionary Praxis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
Duane H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Revolutionary Praxis ◽  
The Creation

Merleau-Ponty, in Humanism and Terror (1947), addresses the spectrum of problems related to revolutionary action. His essay, Eye and Mind (1960), is best known as a contribution to aesthetics. A common structure exists in these apparently disparate works. We must reject the illusion of subjective clairvoyance as a standard of revolutionary praxis; but also we must reject any idealised light of reason that illuminates all—that promises a history without shadows. The revolutionary nature of an act must be established as such through praxis. The creative praxes of the political revolutionary or the revolutionary artist are recognised ex post facto; yet each involves the creation of its own new aesthetic wherein the value of that praxis is to be understood spontaneously and all at once.

THE TREND OF CHANGES IN PRICES AND TARIFFS FOR UTILITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SUGHD REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ustuvorshokh A. Kuliyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Management Groups

The article discusses the features of the regulation of the housing and communal services market. It was noted that the housing sector is one of the key and plays a key role in human life. Utilities are highly dependent on a person’s well-being and health. The article presents an analysis of the growth in prices for utilities and housing, taking into account the available statistics. Also, in connection with the growth of paid services, including the cost of housing and communal services in the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan, an analysis of wages and other economic indicators was carried out. In the article, the author explains the development of the industry with proposals for the reform of housing and communal services, the implementation of tariffs, the creation of management groups near residential buildings.

The Role of Business Model Development in the Ex-Post Creation of Online Entrepreneurial Opportunity

2017 ◽  
pp. 818-842
Author(s):  
İpek Koçoğlu ◽  
Ali E. Akgun ◽  
Halit Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Online Entrepreneurs ◽  
Business Model Development

This research aims to tap into the largely opaque origins of opportunities in the online context by exploring the role of business model development as a key for the creation and configuration of the mental and social infrastructure necessary for the emergence of online entrepreneurial opportunity. Tracing the sources of online entrepreneurial opportunity reveals that successful online entrepreneurs claim to proactively manage their environment in terms of unfolding actions which result in the enactment and creation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Based on this real life contention and the emerging view of entrepreneurial opportunity, this chapter aims to achieve a deeper understanding on the creation of online opportunities through a quantitative study empirically testing the link between business model development and online entrepreneurial opportunity as creation in order to shed light on how business model generation shapes the way entrepreneurs socially co-create opportunities in the online context.

Well-Being in Practice and Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-73
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
The People ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research focuses on the concept of well-being, aiming to systematize it and obtain design guidelines. In latest years, various building certification systems have arisen, which, although used for ex post evaluations, contain, specularly, design guidelines. In a first phase the concept of well-being was intended on a global scale, linked to the pitfalls of pollution and consumption of resources, so design guidelines and control systems developed within the construction industry to ensure the conservation of the environment and therefore the “well-being” and “health” of human communities. Having therefore developed certification systems measuring and evaluating the performance of buildings in relation to their impact on the environment and its resources, we are now faced with a shift of attention on a smaller scale, linked to the performance that buildings offer not so much with respect to the environment as to the people who live in them. This chapter explores the concepts behind such systems and the relationship between building certification systems and people's well-being.

The Preconditions of Social Identity of a Small State in Transition to Democracy

1998 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Jurate Morkuniene
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of social identity consists of two parts. First, it means protection against threats to the nation’s existence and well-being. Second, it means the search for measures and possibilities to achieve the goals of social development and improvement. Social identity implies the creation and preservation of conditions in which each citizen can develop as educated, creative and responsible persons. Today, especially for nations throughout the former Soviet Union, the chief danger to social identity lies in the adverse conditions of continued underdevelopment. It follows that for these nations, identity means first of all development. The essential condition for a small nation’s identity and survival is based on the people’s resolution to rely on themselves and to envision the potential for their own country. The modern strategy for ensuring social identity would essentially rely on the principle that every citizen is part of the national identity, i.e., its active agent. For this reason, of central importance is the creation of equal starting possibilities (equality of opportunities) for everyone.

The Patronymic of Her Choice

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-55
Author(s):  
Mie Nakachi
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Masses

As the victory over the Nazis came into sight and the demographic disaster became apparent, the Soviet leadership keenly felt the need to strengthen pronatalist policy. Several proposals submitted in 1943–1944 expanded existing pronatalist measures without a fundamental change in the vision of population growth. However, Khrushchev, proconsul of devastated Ukraine, submitted the most comprehensive overhaul based on a new vision for population and pronatalism. The government policy reveals a two-faced practice of Bolshevik language, claiming to “protect motherhood” when addressing the masses, and non-Bolshevik discourse, population engineering language, among the top leadership. In the final law, policymakers prioritized giving men the incentive to father extramarital children over assuring the overall well-being of unmarried mothers and their children. This chapter traces the creation of the 1944 Family Law, legislation that definitively shaped the postwar generation in a deeply gendered manner.

Exit of youths and feminization of smallholder livestock production–a field study in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jothilakshmi ◽  
D. Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
N. K. Sudeepkumar
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto

AbstractStudies in India from the early to late 1990s found that rural youths and women played a predominant role in livestock farming. Even though many studies differ in the extent and nature of the contribution of youths and women in livestock farming, all acknowledge their roles and contribution. Livestock farming acts as a source of supplementary income to youths and women and provides increased nutritional security. New economic policies of the1990s have brought changes to the livestock farming community. This paper attempts to understand and describe the role of women and youths in livestock farming. The research methodology employed for the present study is ex post facto design, and includes semi-structured open-ended interviews, observation and conversations with key informants. The study has found that a change in the roles of women and the participation of youths in livestock farming has occurred, which could be detrimental to the well-being of rural family farmers.

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