scholarly journals Exporting and Offshoring with Monopsonistic Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Egger ◽  
Udo Kreickemeier ◽  
Christoph Moser ◽  
Jens Wrona
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Heterogeneous Firms ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Monopsony Power

Abstract We develop a model of international trade with heterogeneous firms and monopsonistically competitive labour markets. We show that due to monopsonistic competition our model makes sharply different predictions about the effects of the export of goods and the offshoring of tasks. Trade in goods is unambiguously welfare increasing since domestic resources are reallocated to large firms with high productivity, and firms with low productivities exit the market thereby reducing the monopsony distortion present in autarky. Offshoring on the other hand gives firms additional scope for exercising monopsony power by reducing their domestic size and therefore can lead to welfare losses.

scholarly journals The Role, Development and Opportunities of Spice Commodities for International Relations Between Indonesia and Other Countries in The International Market

JASSP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
Wahyu Adhi Saputro ◽  
Herdiana Anggrasari
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
International Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Role Development ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Descriptive Method

Indonesia as a spice producer has the opportunity to become a world spice exporter that can contribute to the Indonesian economy. On the other hand, Indonesia has challenges to be able to improve the performance of Indonesian spices commodities. In this research, an overview of the condition of Indonesian spices will be seen so that the development and opportunities of Indonesian spices can be identified. Therefore the objectives of this study are (1) to determine the development of the area, production and productivity of Indonesian spices, (2) to determine the development and performance of international trade in Indonesian spices, (3) the demand for world and Indonesian spices. in the international market, and (4) the development of world and Indonesian spices prices in the international market. This research uses the basic analytical descriptive method, which is a research method that focuses on solving actual problems in the present. The results showed that in general the acreage and production of spices commodities tended to increase from year to year, but the productivity of pepper, nutmeg and vanilla decreased. When viewed from the balance of the Indonesian spices trade in each period it fluctuates but tends to increase. Meanwhile, the demand for spices in the international and Indonesian markets fluctuates every year but tends to increase and the development of international and domestic spice commodity prices has fluctuated each period.

scholarly journals Korrida i karliści. Wspomnienia Piotra Falkenhagena-Zaleskiego z podroży do Hiszpanii (1843)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Adam Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Department Store ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Stay Behind

Among the accounts of travels in Spain in the 1st half of the 19th century, there is a rather unknown memoir of Piotr Falkenhagen-Zaleski, written on the basis of his 1843 experiences. This exceptionally capable and flexible emigrant began his career in international trade, having successfully tried his hand at journalism and politics in the past. He became an employee at the Henry Hall department store in London, and then opened his own company of the same sort, establishing contacts in many European countries. The travel to Spain aimed at securing another contract. It appears that he did not achieve this goal. On the other hand, the stay behind the Pyrenees, mainly in Barcelona and Madrid, and the very travel from France to Spain allowed the Polish traveller to become familiar with two elements of the Spanish (political and cultural) reality through an incident with the Carlists and the corrida spectacle. He put those experiences in an interesting, although brief report from Spain.

scholarly journals International Trade and Macro-Economic Policy in Eurasian Economies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naime İrem Koşan ◽  
Sudi Apak ◽  
Selahattin Sarı
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
The Relationship

International trade is defined the exchange of goods, services, and capital among various countries and regions. Also the potential of imports and exports account for an important part of growth. On the other hand, total value of international trade in goods and services shows the countries’ integration into the world economy. In this paper we focused on to analyze the effects on imports and make inferences for Eurasian Countries. In this paper we aim to examine the relationship between imports and macro-economic indicators in 6 Eurasian economies. To analyze the relationship, we used panel data regression analysis. Data obtained from World Bank. The panel data covers 1996-2012 periods and 6 countries which named Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. We predicted pooled, fixed effects and random effects panel data models using the Stata and analyzed them. The dependent variable is defined the imports in our model. It has been found that gross domestic savings, foreign direct investments and, and exports are statistically significant for this countries. The results found in this paper show that gross domestic savings has negative effects on imports. On the other hand, for this 6 countries foreign direct investments (inflow) and exports have positive effects on imports as we expected. It shows us the economic positions of Eurasian countries still depend on Russian Federation. Also, these findings have important policy implications for Eurasian Countries. Our interpretation of these findings is that, integration to world economy has generally positive effects on foreign direct investments for this countries.

scholarly journals The Development of Canadian-American Trade Union Relations: Some Conclusions

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-355
Author(s):  
C. Brian Williams
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Church ◽  
American Trade

On one hand, binational trade unionism seems to be the product of three features in Canadian-American economic relations: international trade, labor migration and American investments in Canada. On the other hand, the origin of Canadian unionism and conflicts within can be explained by economic nationalism, by a commitment to the teachings of the Church in Québec and by an opposition to the AFL-type of craft unionism outside Québec. The boundary issue is irrelevant to the explanation of both phenomenas. In this article, the author has gathered some evidence which tends to support those hypotheses.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of Tea Exports in Asean: A Constant Market Share Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 088
Author(s):  
Nadia Oktaviana ◽  
Masyhuri Masyhuri ◽  
Slamet Hartono
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Market Share ◽  
The Other ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Distribution Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Constant Market Share Analysis ◽  
Constant Market Share

This study was aimed to find out the competitiveness of tea exports in ASEAN during 2011-2014. Competitiveness indicates a country ability to compete with other countries in international trade activities. Constant Market Share (CMS) employed to understand the weaknesses and strengths of a country viewed from the effect of exports growth. CMS results showed that the major weakness of tea exports in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam is the effect of market distribution. Market distribution effect indicated that their exports to countries with a high demand for tea in the world. On the other hand, the strengths of tea exports in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam are the effect of world exports growth, commodity composition effect, and the competitiveness effect. Conversely, the major weakness of tea exports in Indonesia is competitiveness effect, while the strengths are the effect of world exports growth and the effect of market distribution.

scholarly journals The context of the impact of the COVID-19 contingency in establishments with foreign trade operations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nélida Carmona-García ◽  
Alejandro Ramírez-Barajas ◽  
Ma. Leticia Almanza-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The general objective is to be able to know the impact that has been generated in the establishments with operations in foreign trade derived from the contingency COVID-19. Therefore, the review is done from the perspective of knowing the state of Mexican and Guanajuato companies that have foreign trade as an activity, which sector they belong to, which of them manage foreign trade programs such as IMMEX, and that it is important to highlight their impact as well. On the other hand, important data such as the results of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) are considered, such as the fact that 17% of the economic units in Mexico with international trade transactions are macro companies and concentrate 82% of the value of foreign trade of manufacturing companies, just as foreign trade represents approximately 65% of the GDP and exports about 30% in recent years. Therefore, it is concluded that the pandemic achieved great changes by which, Mexicans instead of taking it as an economic stoppage, quickly took it as an opportunity to create micro-enterprises achieving in this way opportunities, as well; it changed the way countries relate to each other and how governments face the problem on a daily basis, but it can be stated that neither international trade nor foreign trade stops, because they are part of an activity that determines the survival of world economies and without which life today could not be conceived. In this way, it is expected that in the following years; products will be exported to different countries, generating an increase in wealth within Mexico, as has been shown in the last semester of 2020 with the increase of Mexican exports.

scholarly journals Multilevel Demand For Sea Transportation. Correlation Between Baltic Dry Index (Bdi) And Coaster Shipping Prices For Sea Routes Between Baltic Seaports And Mediterranean Seaports

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (7s) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Svetlana Dimitrakieva ◽  
◽  
Ognyan Kostadinov ◽  
Christiana Atanasova
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Baltic Dry Index

Baltic Dry Index (BDI) reflects the prices of sea transport performed by Capesize, Panamax, Supramax and Handysize bulk carriers only. The prices of the transport with vessels of smaller tonnage are not considered in the calculation of BDI, therefore principally it should be assumed that BDI does not refer to a tonnage different from the observed. On the other hand, the demand for maritime transport services depends on the state of international trade of goods. Generally, the international market of goods is common for all ship types and tonnages. In the production processes starting from the extraction of raw materials till the sale of finished products to end customers; it can be done by several transport carriages in succession, which provide the intermediate production stages. Transport demand is secondary and depends on international trade, but on the other hand, this demand is multilevel. From an economic point of view, it is important to study the interrelationships between maritime transport providing the intermediate production stages, from the extraction of raw materials till the sale of the final goods.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

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