scholarly journals Affective practices in mid-18th-century German music-making: reflections on C. P. E. Bach’s advice to performers

Early Music ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Maria Bania ◽  
Tilman Skowroneck
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Sympathetic Response ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Stock Recommendation ◽  
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

Abstract Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach stated that a musical performer ‘must of necessity be able to transport himself into all of the affections that he wants to arouse in his listeners’. As famous as this passage is, it still raises questions. Did Bach mean that performers must arouse and feel all the shifting affections of the music within their own bodies, or was he using a metaphor here? Were composers supposed to feel the affections in their music while they composed it, as Bach suggested? Was this demand specific to Bach alone, or was it a stock recommendation given by many mid-18th-century German music writers? This article explores similar recommendations in historical sources and describes how Bach’s strategy might be enacted by performers. In an ideal empfindsam concert, the listener’s sympathetic response to the music would have been reinforced by the physical manifestations of the performer’s affective state.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

scholarly journals “His Soul Is Weeping inside That He Cannot Bury the Dead as before.” Plague and Rebellion in Debrecen (Hungary), 1739–1742

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Ildikó Sz. Kristóf
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Piety ◽  
The City

This is a historical anthropological study of a period of social and religious tensions in a Calvinist city in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 18th century. The last and greatest plague epidemic to devastate Hungary and Transylvania between cca. 1738 and 1743 led to a clash of different opinions and beliefs on the origin of the plague and ways of fighting it. Situated on the Great Hungarian Plain, the city of Debrecen saw not only frequent violations of the imposed lockdown measures among its inhabitants but also a major uprising in 1739. The author examines the historical sources (handwritten city records, written and printed regulations, criminal proceedings, and other documents) to be found in the Debrecen city archives, as well as the writings of the local Calvinist pastors published in the same town. The purpose of the study is to outline the main directions of interpretation concerning the plague and manifest in the urban uprising. According to the findings of the author, there was a stricter and chronologically earlier direction, more in keeping with local Puritanism in the second half of the 17th century, and there was also a more moderate and later one, more in line with the assumptions and expectations of late 18th-century medical science. While the former set of interpretations seems to have been founded especially on a so-called “internal” cure (i.e., religious piety and repentance), the latter proposed mostly “external” means (i.e., quarantine measures and herbal medicine) to avoid the plague and be rid of it. There seems to have existed, however, a third set of interpretations: that of folk beliefs and practices, i.e., sorcery and magic. According to the files, a number of so-called “wise women” also attempted to cure the plague-stricken by magical means. The third set of interpretations and their implied practices were not tolerated by either of the other two. The author provides a detailed micro-historical analysis of local events and the social and religious discourses into which they were embedded.

scholarly journals The Selamluk in Vranje, part II: Architectonic characteristics of structural and decorative elements

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Miric ◽  
Nadja Kurtovic-Folic ◽  
Goran Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Typical Representative ◽  
The Family ◽  
Female Part

The complex of the Pasini konaci in Vranje, was built in the second half of the 18th century, and it is composed of two buildings. The pasha used to reside in the Selamluk with his entourage, while the Haremluk was a residence of the female part of the family. Due to the continuing use of these two buildings, their architectonic characteristics and historical environment were preserved to a great extent. Nowadays, the Selamluk and Haremluk have been declared the cultural property of great importance for Serbia. The first part of the paper about the Selamluk treated the genesis of spatial organization and architectonic form of the building on the basis of historical sources. This part analyzes the structural and decorative elements of the Selamluka in Vranje as a typical representative of the Balkan Oriental housing architecture. Cultural, historical, artistic and craftsmanship values, based on the material acquired during the field work, were discussed. The detailed study and comparative analysis of the Selamluk characteristics provided a contribution to understanding of specific values in the architectonic evaluation of town structures in this part of the Balkan peninsula.

scholarly journals The Selamluk in Vranje (part I): Architectonic form development based on historical sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Miric ◽  
Goran Jovanovic ◽  
Nadja Kurtovic-Folic
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time In Literature ◽  
Form Development

Pasini konaci (Pasha?s residence), Selamluk and Haremluk in Vranje, are typical representatives of Balkan Oriental architecture of 18th century. In spite of the buildings becoming very decrepit and prone to dilapidation due to their structural characteristics, in terms of their function and construction technique, they represent an evidence of the living standard of a social class and the social relationships of the historical age they belong to. With the aid of an analysis of historical data, the part 1 of this paper presented the results of the research of the origins and development of the Selamluk in Vranje and its surrounding area with an attempt to determine architectonic genesis from the original structure, through the destruction phases and reconstruction to the present day status. In addition to the information published in the relevant literature, the data were collected by analyzing old plans, photographs and documents archived in various cultural institutions. In the part 2 of this paper, the structural and decorative elements of the Selamluk are discussed for the first time in literature.

“The brilliance of perfection” or “pointless finish”? What virtuosity means to musicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Ginsborg
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Music Students ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

The concept of virtuosity has been explored by music historians and theorists from disciplines ranging from aesthetics and anthropology to semiotics. Its history goes back to ancient times, although it is often thought to culminate in the 19th century with Liszt and Paganini. Many historical sources quote well-known performers and composers but little is known as to how music students and professional musicians define virtuosity today, and what it means to them as performers and audiences. The present study was exploratory, employing a mixed methods approach. A total of 102 musicians provided open-ended responses to a short questionnaire. A keyword-in-context analysis of content was undertaken, followed by a more in-depth thematic analysis. Five main themes emerged: characteristics of virtuosity; relationship between virtuosity and (“magical”) music making; aspirations towards virtuosity; how virtuosity is achieved; and communication. Responses from students and professionals were compared and are discussed with reference to historical and current theoretical models.

scholarly journals EARLY STAGES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE KASHKADARYA OASIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (07) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Nilufar Rajabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Written Sources

The article analyzes the first stages of studying the archaeological sites of the Kashkadarya oasis from a historical point of view. Beginning in the 18th century, Europeans began to record information about the Kashkadarya oasis. Their main focus is on highlighting the lifestyle of the population, as well as information on historical monuments. In particular, in memoirs, reports and brochures, A. Burns, N. Khannykov, V.V. Bartold, N. Maev, V. Krestovsky, B. Litvinov, D. Logofet, A. Validov, I. Kastane, L. Zimin, you can get a lot of information on this topic. Despite this, the first studies were mostly brief. Most importantly, the attention of architects and art critics is focused on the history of architectural structures in Shakhrisabz, built during the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids. However, attempts to shed light on the history of the cities of Karshi and Shakhrisabz based on written sources consisted in a collection of the first archaeological observations, historical artifacts and manuscripts. Noteworthy is the information written by N. Khannykov, V.V. Bartold, N. Mayev. Subsequent studies also made extensive use of their memoirs. B. Litvinov's information about the Kashkadarya oasis was supplemented by his drawings. According to Logofet, the history of the city of Shakhrisabz is emphasized, and archaeological excavations show that its history goes back two thousand years. Logofet pays great attention to the medieval history of Karshi, cites various historical sources. It is important for I.Kastana and L.Zimin to describe the archaeological monuments preserved in the vicinity of Karshi from the point of view of that period and compare them on the basis of ancient and medieval written sources.

Printed Blank Forms of the Cyrillic Printed Letters of 1759 from Bishop of Pinsk and Turov George Bulgak in the Collection of the Russian State Library

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Grebeniuk ◽  
Yuliya E. Shustova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Handwritten Text ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
State Library ◽  
Printing House

Printed Blank Forms are poorly studied historical sources. They were published in almost every printing house, often in large editions; however, due to the specifics of the purpose, they were poorly preserved. Many of the printed editions have not reached our days. You can learn about their existence from archival documents. A number of editions are known in a single copy. The Research Department of Rare Books (Book Museum) of the Russian State Library has two Printed Blank Forms. These are the Certificates of Ordination from the Bishop of Pinsk and Turov, George Bulgak. These are the only known copies of the editions. They were issued to priest Vasily Shemetil on July 15, 1759 in Pinsk and stamped with the Episcopal seal. They came from the Vilnius Public Library. Due to the small number of complex studies of such sources, the article provides the detailed description of them, reveals the content at the level of the edition (printed blank form) and the copy (handwritten text); for the first time there is undertaken publication of the texts of the certificates. Moreover, the authors consider the actual problems of the bibliographic description of these publications: different bibliographers (F.N. Dobryansky, A.I. Milovidov, G.Y. Golenchenko, Y.A. Labyntsev) described and attributed these editions differently (Mogilev and Suprasl were mentioned as the place of publication). Being unique sources, they attracted attention of bibliographers, but were not used at all by historians and other researchers of book culture. The authors come to the conclusion that the attribution of the publication of letters in the printing house of the Annunciation Monastery in Suprasl, proposed by Y.A. Labyntsev, looks the most convincing today. The study emphasizes the importance of the considered documents that are the only known examples of printed Greek Catholic Certificates of Ordination of the 18th century. Since the life and activity of Georgy Bulgak himself, who became the Archimandrite of the Annunciation Monastery in Suprasl, remains practically unexplored in Russian historiography, the article presents his biography, focuses on this period of his activity and his great contribution to the development of book publishing in the monastery printing house, which printed books in Slavic, Polish and Latin languages.

scholarly journals The Donosheniya and Reports of Don Cossacks in the Mid 18th c.: Source Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Oksana Gorban
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Form Analysis ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Introduction. The study is connected with the issues of electronic corpora of historical sources and diachronic linguistic corpora and is based on office documents of the 18th c. reserved in the Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman archive fund (State Archive of Volgograd region). Methods and materials. The article considers donosheniya and reports as the main documents that were submitted from lower to higher authorities and had “donoshenie” (message, report) and “report” (report) designation. Solving source meta-markup problems the author examines the origin and meaning of words “donoshenie” and “report”, analyzes the content and functions of the documents, their text format and verbal formulas representing the components of the form. Analysis. The paper shows that the words have different origin, but common semantics reflecting the document function. Word “report” entered the Russian language in the early 18th century as a synonym for the original “donoshenie”. Initially, relevant documents were not distinguished, but gradually they were differentiated not only by name. Donosheniya can come from military men and civilians often contain a message and request. Reports are used mainly between host and stanitsa atamans, other military officials and are mostly informative documents. Reports are also often used as accompanying documents for other documents. The text format of donoshenie and report has similarities, but can be represented by different verbal formulas. As an accompany document report has a more concise and simple structure. Results. The author concludes that including donoshenie and report to the created source corpus as independent documents is necessary for faciliting their search and more exact representation of using language units. Standard speech markers can be applied for automatic recognition of texts as well.

scholarly journals Ногайская Кубань и проблемы внутриполитического развития Крымского ханства середины XVIII в.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-520
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Sen’ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Family ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Public Archives ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The article chronologically covers the 1740s and 1750s. The period witnessed a rise in confrontational processes in the Crimean Khanate that were intensified by the growing dissatisfaction of the Nogai hordes with restrictive policies of the Crimean Khans. The opposition reached its peak by the late 1750s, and was marked by the Nogai rebellion of 1758 against the Crimean Khan Halim Giray and his sons. Many Kuban Nogais led by the ex-serasker of Kuban Seadet Giray took an active part in the revolt. Goals. The paper seeks to examine the role and place of Nogai Kuban in cross-border processes along the Northwest Caucasus that resulted from nomadic migrations. It is planned to identify the impact of Nogai Kuban (Kuban Horde) on the political and other processes that accompanied activities of the ruling Crimean Khans aimed at strengthening governing structures of their own within the Nogais hordes. Materials and Methods. The article analyzes 18th-century written historical sources, including ones newly introduced into scientific discourse. Those are mainly Russian official papers stored at federal and public archives of the country. The study employs special history research methods, such as the historical/genetic and historical/comparative ones. Results. The Kuban Horde played a key role in the provincial life of Kuban Region, a periphery of the Crimean Khanate. In the mid-18th century, the territory was being increasingly involved into state integration processes by the Girays. For example, the institution of serasker-sultans in Kuban was established. Various representatives of the Giray dynasty actively struggled for the position, including the family of Sultan Bahti Giray that had settled in Kuban. Conclusions. The discovered facts confirm the significance of Sultan Bahti Giray’s family in the life of Kuban Region after 1729. Kuban Nogais actively participated in the Crimean Khanate’s internal policies, and opposed the heavy-handed administrative decisions of the Girays. Their dissatisfaction was actively fueled by ex-seraskers, Gazi Giray and Seadet Giray, the sons of Sultan Bahti Giray. The paper proves Seadet Giray enjoyed a mass support of Kuban Nogais, which largely predetermined ― through pressure on kalga-sultan ― his appointment as serasker in 1755. The study reveals an instant connection between the ‘revolt’ of Bahti Giray’s sons against the Crimean Khan ― and subsequent activities of Kuban Nogais in the rebellion of 1758.

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