scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity among patients attending a rural non-communicable disease clinic

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sangwan ◽  
A Mehra ◽  
S Grover ◽  
A Avasthi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Background The presence of psychiatric illness among patients with physical illnesses leads to poor treatment adherence, poor lifestyle, increased cost of treatment, poor quality of life, worsening of physical illness, work absenteeism, increased hospital visits, poor self-care and higher mortality. The study evaluated the prevalence of cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity in non-communicable disease patients. The study highlights that NCD patients should be provided information about the development of cognitive impairment in order to prevent it. Methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted among the patients attending the non-communicable disease clinic of a rural community health centre run in collaboration with the Postgraduate Institute Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. We registered 124 patients after obtaining written informed consent. Instruments: Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Analysis of covariance was applied to see the relationship between the domain of the HMSE and NCDs. Results The mean age of the participants was 55.5 years (SD-11.9, Range-26-90). A little more than one third (N = 48, 38.7%) were diagnosed with hypertension only, one-sixth (N = 22; 17.7%) were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus only, and 54 (43.5%) patients were diagnosed with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A slightly more than one-third of the study participants were diagnosed with depressive disorder (N = 44, 35.5%), and 29% (N = 36) of the participants were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. About one-fourth of patients with NCD have cognitive impairment and 39.51% have psychiatric morbidity. Conclusions The prevalence of cognitive impairment is higher among patients of NCD with psychiatric morbidity. Patients with NCDs should be routinely screened for cognitive functioning and provided information about the development of cognitive impairment. Key messages Because of high prevalence of cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity in NCD patients, patients should be provided information to prevent it. There is a need to screen NCD patients routinely for cognitive functioning, and provide them information to prevent cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity and Cognitive Impairment among Patients Attending the Rural Noncommunicable Disease Clinic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 585-592
Author(s):  
Aseem Mehra ◽  
Garima Sangwan ◽  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
Soundappan Kathirvel ◽  
Ajit Avasthi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity among the patients attending the rural noncommunicable disease clinic after controlling for various confounders (i.e., psychological morbidity, obesity, gender, level of education, duration of the illness and age). Materials and Methods One-hundred twenty-four patients were evaluated on the Hindi Mental State Examination for the cognitive function, Physical Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety disorders. Results About one-fourth (26.6%) of the participants had cognitive impairment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was more among patients with hypertension (35.5%) as compared with the diabetes mellitus (13.6%) and those with comorbid hypertension and diabetes mellitus (26.6%). About one of the participants had depression (35.5%) and 29% of the patients had anxiety disorder. No significant difference was found in the level of cognitive deficits between those with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, when the confounding factors were not taken into account in the analysis. However, after controlling for psychiatric morbidity, obesity, gender, level of education, duration of the illness and age, those with hypertension were found to have significantly higher level of cognitive impairment compared with those with diabetes mellitus. A higher level of dysfunction was seen in the domains of orientation, registration, attention, recall, language, and visuospatial domains. Conclusion Present study suggests that patients of hypertension have higher level of cognitive impairment, when compared with those with diabetes mellitus, even after controlling for various confounders. Lack of difference between the two groups can be accounted by the confounding variables.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices about diabetes mellitus and its complications in T2DM patients attending the UHC in Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2793
Author(s):  
Rufiat Nasiruddin Kazi ◽  
Mangala M. Bote ◽  
Kedar J. Raikar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Urban Health Centre ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has become a major public health problem in India and also the major cause of disability through complications such as blindness, renal failure, lower limb gangrene etc. People suffering from Diabetes related complications are many times unaware about the measures to curb the onset of the complications. The aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices about diabetes and its complications in the diabetic patientsMethods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at an Urban Health Centre attached to the parent medical college in Mumbai. The knowledge, attitude and practices of the 116 participants who were registered at the non-communicable disease (NCD) OPD were assessed via a pre-designed, pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: SPSS version 20.Results: Majority belonged the age groups of 40-60 years (69%), 63.8% were women, 91.4% were married and 44.4% were illiterate. 13.8% of the respondents had correct knowledge about the causes of diabetes and 62.9% could correctly identify the symptoms of diabetes. Knowledge regarding the complications in diabetics was found to be quite low with only 52.6% correctly identifying one or more complications. The most commonly known complication was neuropathy (83.6%) followed by nephropathy (57.3%). The attitude of the patients with respect to screening of complications was found to be poor and the same reflected in their practicesConclusions: There is a lack of understanding of the basics of the disease, its prevention as well as prevention of complications in those suffering from the disease. 

scholarly journals Drug utilization pattern in type II diabetes mellitus patients attending non-communicable disease clinic in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Akash Gadgade ◽  
Shwetha B. ◽  
Basavaraj C. Kotinatiot ◽  
Chetan A. C.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Antidiabetic Drug ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comorbid Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. Early institution of treatment is necessary to prevent complications. Since treatment of diabetes requires lifetime therapy; this study is designed to understand the prescription trends at Non Communicable Disease clinic set up and to provide rationale.Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted over a period of 2 months (May 2017- June 2017). Details of demographic data, duration and family history of diabetes, antidiabetic medications prescribed, history of comorbid diseases and drugs prescribed by physician for the treatment of comorbid diseases were collected in a structured format. Height and weight were recorded, and body mass index was calculated.Results: Study population included 294 patients and patients in the age groups of 40-59 years formed the bulk. 39% patients were overweight and 19.39% were obese. 93.20% patients were prescribed with metformin. 37 patients received insulin injection. 64.29% received more than one antidiabetic drug. Hypertension (82.05%) was the most common comorbid disease. Amlodipine was the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drug.Conclusions: Metformin was the most commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug. Utilization of newer antidiabetic drug is inferior. Use of rationale fixed dose combination improves patient compliance.

scholarly journals Beliefs and practices in diabetes care

Duazary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Álvarez-Najar ◽  
Mery Luz Valderrama-Sanabria ◽  
Amalia Priscila Peña-Pita
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Diabetes mellitus is considered a chronic non-communicable disease with high morbidity, presents to its high prevalence, social, family, and economic costs. Interventions aimed at life-style changes are fundamental in managing; due to this, patients must receive education. The aim of the study was to identify the beliefs and practices of the persons with diabetes mellitus, to propose nurse care according to these precepts. This was a descriptive study of systematic literature review, searching for articles in databases, Springer Science, Elsevier, ProQuest, Science Direct, Index, Pubmed, SciELO, Medigraphic, and Medline during 2016 to 2018, published between 2001 and 2018, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. A total of 49 studies were contributing to fulfilling the objective. Within the beliefs for the management of disease, is the use of herbs, some consider as cause "fright"; Others take into account risk factors such as heredity, obesity, poor eating habits. Various beliefs are presented in relation to insulin treatment. Spirituality is emphasized; seeking refuge in God and prayer. Is important to understand the person, from their values, beliefs, customs and feelings. Education is a fundamental tool to control the disease, but health beliefs must be taken into account in order to achieve favorable results.

scholarly journals Gerakan Siaga Masyarakat Anti-Diabetes Mellitus (SIMANIS) Melalui Kartu SIDIA (Skrining Pre-Diabetes) di Kabupaten Semarang

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Lukman Fauzi ◽  
R.R. Sri Ratna Rahayu ◽  
Lindra Anggorowati ◽  
Hendri Hariyanto ◽  
Trinita Septi Mentari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease that contributes to the cause of death. Based on the analysis of the situation in Kawengen Village, Semarang Regency, there were several problems related to the incidence of DM, including the Non-Communicable Disease Integrated Guidance Post Program (Posbindu PTM), which was not running optimally. Based on these problems, it is necessary to form a movement called the Anti-Diabetes Mellitus Community Alert Movement (SIMANIS). Active case finding and detection of pre-DM cases aim to capture people who already have pre-DM symptoms, but they do not know. Furthermore, if caught, they can be followed up so that they are willing to go to the health service unit before complications occur. The implementation of this community service activity is carried out in four stages, namely the formation of SIMANIS cadres, education on prevention and control of DM to SIMANIS cadres and the community, ToT on how to fill in and use the SIDIA Card (pre-diabetes screening) to SIMANIS cadres, and use of the SIDIA Card for early detection active case finding pre-DM. There was an increase in the pre-post education knowledge score from 7.59 + 1.5 to 8.93 + 0.9 and an increase in the pre-post education attitude score from 7.96 + 1.22 to 9.07 + 0.78. SIMANIS through the use of the SIDIA Card can be used to increase public awareness in prevention, early detection, and case finding of DM.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Innovative Approach to Prediction, Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Future NCD—Mother and Offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. David McIntyre ◽  
Anil Kapur ◽  
Hema Divakar ◽  
Moshe Hod
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Medical Complication ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Non Communicable Disease ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the commonest medical complication of pregnancy. The association of GDM with immediate pregnancy complications including excess fetal growth and adiposity with subsequent risk of birth trauma and with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is well recognized. However, the associations with wide ranges of longer-term health outcomes for mother and baby, including the lifetime risks of obesity, pre-diabetes, and diabetes and cardiovascular disease have received less attention and few health systems address these important issues in a systematic way. This article reviews historical and recent data regarding prediction of GDM using demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters. We evaluate current and potential future diagnostic approaches designed to most effectively identify GDM and extend this analysis into a critical evaluation of lifestyle and nutritional/pharmacologic interventions designed to prevent the development of GDM. The general approach to management of GDM during pregnancy is then discussed and the major final focus of the article revolves around the importance of a GDM diagnosis as a future marker of the risk of non-communicable disease (NCD), in particular pre-diabetes, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, both in mother and offspring.

BDNF serum levels are not related to cognitive functioning in older depressed patients and controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemiek Dols ◽  
Carisha S. Thesing ◽  
Filip Bouckaert ◽  
Richard C. Oude Voshaar ◽  
Hannie C. Comijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Serum Bdnf ◽  
Low Serum

ABSTRACTBackground:Depression and cognitive decline are highly prevalent in older persons and both are associated with low serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Mutual pathways of depression and cognitive decline in older persons may explain the overlap in symptoms and low serum BDNF. We hypothesized that serum BDNF levels are lower in depressed elderly with poor cognitive performance (global or specifically in working memory, speed of information processing, and episodic memory) compared to depressed elderly without cognitive impairment or non-depressed controls.Methods:BDNF Serum levels and cognitive functioning were examined in 378 depressed persons and 132 non-depressed controls from a large prospective study on late-life depression. The association between BDNF levels and each cognitive domain among the depressed patients was tested by four separate linear regression models adjusted for relevant covariates. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to compare BDNF serum levels in three groups (depression with cognitive impairment, depression without cognitive impairment, and non-depressed controls), when adjusted for potential confounders.Results:No significant linear association was found between BDNF and any of the four cognitive domains tested. There are no differences in BDNF levels between controls and depressed patients with or without cognitive impairment global or in specific domains after controlling for confounders.Conclusions:BDNF serum levels in this cohort of older depressed patients and controls are not related to cognitive functioning. As BDNF is essential for the survival and functioning of neurons, its levels may remain normal in stages of disease where remission is achievable.

scholarly journals Prevalence of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212097384
Author(s):  
Patricia Rarau ◽  
Shuaijun Guo ◽  
Shaira Nicole Baptista ◽  
Justin Pulford ◽  
Barbara McPake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Introduction: The mortality associated with non-communicable diseases has increased significantly in most countries in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region over the last 20 years, as have the underlying risk factors. This study aimed to collate evidence on the prevalence of four major non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Papua New Guinea in order to inform appropriate policy for their prevention and management. Methods: We performed a systematic review of Papua New Guinea-based population prevalence studies of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers, as well as non-communicable disease risk factors published before 2016. Five online databases were searched and screened against eligibility criteria according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 57 articles were included in this review, most of which (n = 48) were published prior to 2000. Eleven articles reported on diabetes, six reported on chronic lung disease/asthma, two reported on cardiovascular diseases, and two reported cancer as the primary outcome, while the remaining 36 papers reported non-communicable disease risk factors. Conclusion: This review demonstrated variations in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (0%–19%) and their risk factors (0%–80.6%) attributed to the lifestyle and genetic diversity of the Papua New Guinea population. There is a strong suggestion that the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus) and key non-communicable disease risk factors (hypertension, overweight, and obesity) has increased, but there is a lack of recent data. As such, there is an urgent need for new and up-to-date data in all areas of Papua New Guinea.

scholarly journals Relevância dos Índices Ómega-3 e Razão Ómega-6 / Ómega-3 na Prevenção do Défice Cognitivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belina Nunes ◽  
Cristina Pinho ◽  
Cláudia Sousa ◽  
Alan Rocha Melo ◽  
Narcisa Bandarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Omega 6

Introduction: The epidemiological and social relevance of dementia and mild cognitive impairment increases with life expectancy and prevalence of metabolic disorders. The recognition of an important role for dietary nutrients on cognitive functioning opens new preventive strategies. This work analyses the association between erythrocyte omega-3 index and omega-6 / omega-3 ratio and cognitive performance/ mild cognitive impairment.Material and Methods: We selected a random sample of individuals registered at a health centre aged ≥ 55 years. Participants were asked about their alimentary habits, erythrocyte indexes were determined and neuropsychological evaluation included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and a comprehensive test battery.Results: Mean age of 90 participants was 64 years (sd = 5.6), 71.1% had four years of education and 40% of them had more than one vascular risk factor. Limits for omega-3 index and omega-6 / omega-3 ratio were 2.90 - 9.79 (mean = 6.20; sd = 1.50) and 1.14 - 2.95 (mean = 2.12; sd = 0.39), respectively. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores ranged from 10 to 29 (mean = 22; sd = 4.5), increasing on average 1 - 2 points for above average omega-3 values and an omega-6 / omega-3 ratio ≤ 2 (Group 1) and decreasing 5 - 6 points for omega-3 below mean values and the same omega-6 / omega-3 ratio (Group 2). Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was 25.6% (95% CI: 16.4 - 34.7), ranging from 12.5% to 83.3% in the two groups above.Discussion: This preliminary study is one of the first analyzing the repercussion of omega-3 index and omega-6 / omega-3 ratio on cognitive functioning, considering additionally the participant clinical and dietary profiles.Conclusion: The association found suggests that omega-3 and omega-6 / omega-3 ratio could be important biomarkers in the prevention of cognitive impairment.

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