scholarly journals Structure of acute lethal poisonings in children: a retrospective study in the Moscow Region, Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V V Vlassov ◽  
S S Plis ◽  
O V Veselkina ◽  
V V Klevno
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs

Abstract Background Poisonings are of major public health concern - they cause sickness and death in many children. The clinical case series are non-informative about the very severe intoxications. The objective of this study was to describe the spectrum of toxic substances leading to the death of children, and analyze the time trends and age differences. Materials and Methods We analyzed autopsy reports from the archives of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Region over a 10-year period. Results Of total children's deaths in age 0 to 19 (n = 3873), unnatural death accounted for 71% of cases (n = 2750). In the structure of unnatural deaths, poisoning accounted for 15.56%. The average age of dead children is 11.2 ± 6.10 years (X + SD). Deaths of boys dominates (at least 60% in age older one year), mostly due to the higher frequency of poisoning with chemical/technical agents (p < 0.01). Age groups are different by the causes of death (p < 0.01): higher frequency of poisoning by carbon monoxide (p = 0.036) in younger children and in older children - by illicit drugs (p = 0,026). There was significant increase in frequency of fatal poisoning by therapeutic drugs and chemical-technical agents in 2016-2018 compared with the previous time interval (p < 0.01). Conclusions The most common cause of Russian children's death is the exposition to the carbon monoxide. The improvement in living conditions and heating technology is a major preventive measure. In the group of therapeutic drugs, the leading toxicant is drotaverine, and among technical substances - natural gas (as a recreational self-poisoning). Key messages Unnatural deaths a numerous in Russian children, and intoxication is one of the leading causes. Dangerous heating of the houses is a major and preventable cause of death by CO intoxication.

scholarly journals Acute lethal poisonings in children: a 10-year retrospective study of the Moscow Region, Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semyon S. Plis ◽  
Olesya V. Veselkina ◽  
Vladimir A. Klevno ◽  
Vasiliy V. Vlassov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Poisoning In Children ◽  
Critical Public Health

Background: Poisoning is a critical public health problem. Toxic substances differ across time, region and age. Little is known about poisoning in Russia, and even less is known about lethal poisoning in children in Russia. We aimed to describe the characteristics of cases of lethal poisoning in children and adolescents.Design and methods: Our retrospective study was based on autopsy reports from archives of the Moscow Region Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination for the period of 2009 to 2018.Results: A total of 438 lethal poisoning cases were recorded. The average age of the poisoned children was 11.3 years. Deaths predominantly occurred in boys, mostly due to the higher frequency of poisoning with household and technical chemicals (p<0.01). Accidental deaths were also higher in males (p < 0.01). Therapeutic drug poisoning (p<0.01) and suicide (p < 0.01) were more frequent in females. The leading cause of lethal poisoning in children was exposure to carbon monoxide, especially in children aged 5 to 9 years (p<0.01) and 1 to 4 years (p<0.01). Carbon monoxide poisoning occurred more often in winter (p<0.01). Regarding the structure of poisoning with household and technical chemicals, the most frequent was poisoning by a mixture of utility gases.Conclusion: Our study shows that carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious problem in the region. This may be associated with the ongoing use of individual heating systems. A significant increase in the frequency of fatal poisoning by chemicals, especially by propane-butane gas mixtures while sniffing, has become a disturbing trend.

scholarly journals Hyperglycemia and Its Impact on Length of Stay in Patients Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazeer ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Afzal ◽  
Tabish Raza ◽  
Sidra Rasheed ◽  
Tariq Suleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: 1. To determine the frequency of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia 2. To compare mean hospital stay in patients with and without hyperglycemia admitted with CAP. Methods: It was a descriptive, case series done at Department of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore, in 2016. With non-probability, consecutive sampling technique a sample size of 150 cases is calculated with 95% confidence level, 8% margin of error and talking expected percentage of hyperglycemia as 38.2% in hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia. Results: Out of total 150 cases of CAP there were 85 (56.67%) males with mean age of 47.61±14.66 years. Hyperglycemia was seen in 46 (30.67%) patients with CAP. There was equal distribution of hyperglycemia with respect to gender and age groups with p= 0.56 and 0.24 respectively. Hyperglycemia was more in those having temperature more than 101oF however this difference was not significant with p= 0.32. There was significant difference seen in terms of length of hospital stay,4.07±1.51 days in hyperglycemic and 2.85±1.31 days in normoglycemics with p= 0.001. The length of hospital stay was near significant high in males,4.31±1.56 days (p= 0.08), while non -significant in females with p= 0.30. There was no significant difference in terms of age groups in cases with or without hyperglycemia with p= 0.56 and 0.78. The length of hospital stay was longer in those that had temperature more than 101oF,4.29±1.26 days with hyperglycemia as compared to 2.88±1.34 days in normoglycemics with p= 0.13. Conclusion: Community acquired pneumonia is an important infectious health concern. It is associated with high blood glucose and the length of hospital stay is found significantly high in cases of hyperglycemia. Key words: Community acquired pneumonia, Hyperglycemia, hospital stay

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Action of Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 4303-4307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia S. Nobre ◽  
João D. Seixas ◽  
Carlos C. Romão ◽  
Lígia M. Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

ABSTRACT Carbon monoxide (CO) is endogenously produced in the human body, mainly from the oxidation of heme catalyzed by heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes. The induction of HO and the consequent increase in CO production play important physiological roles in vasorelaxation and neurotransmission and in the immune system. The exogenous administration of CO gas and CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) has been shown to induce vascular effects and to alleviate hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of mammalian cells. In particular, due to its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties, CO inhibits ischemic-reperfusion injury and provides potent cytoprotective effects during organ and cell transplantation. In spite of these findings regarding the physiology and biology of mammals, nothing is known about the action of CO on bacteria. In the present work, we examined the effect of CO on bacterial cell proliferation. Cell growth experiments showed that CO caused the rapid death of the two pathogenic bacteria tested, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, particularly when delivered through organometallic CO-RMs. Of importance is the observation that the effectiveness of the CO-RMs was greater in near-anaerobic environments, as many pathogens are anaerobic organisms and pathogen colonization occurs in environments with low oxygen concentrations. Our results constitute the first evidence that CO can be utilized as an antimicrobial agent. We anticipate our results to be the starting point for the development of novel types of therapeutic drugs designed to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens, which are widespread and presently a major public health concern.

Development of a bio-monitoring system for toxicants in water with fish

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Lee ◽  
H.-K. Lee ◽  
C.-H. Chang ◽  
W.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Bio Monitoring ◽  
Index Value ◽  
A Charge

A bio-monitoring system for toxicants in water has been developed and verified for actual applications. This system is based on the motionality of five Acheilognathus lanceolata, a fish known to be very sensitive to toxic substances, moving around in an aquarium. Their movements are continuously monitored with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera and analyzed to find and quantify any abnormal behavior in their motional characteristics in comparison with the pre-acquired data. That is, the images of fish captured by a CCD camera are digitalized to identify the location of fish in a constant time interval and the locations of each fish were then analyzed mathematically with a personal computer using the equations proposed to determine the motional characteristics such as floatness, fledness and mobility(agility). These data are then converted by means of fuzzy estimation to an index value, defined as the contamination index (CI), by which the system provides the information about the overall toxic strength of the toxicant in the water flowing into the aquarium. If the fish are exposed to toxicant(s), the CI value will be proportional to the strength of its toxicity. The pilot test was performed in a water treatment plant for six months in order to verify the reproducibility of the system over the unstable conditions such as highly turbid water after rainfall as well as in normal conditions. The test results revealed that this monitoring system has good reproducibility and sensitivity, proving our approach, described in this paper, is reliable. As a result, this approach seems to enable us to make a quick and easy detection of toxic substances contained in water, therefore, this system can be applied to a source of water supply as a toxicant watching system.

scholarly journals Atypical presentation of testicular torsion: a case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzodimma Ejike Onwuasoanya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Testicular Torsion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Testicular Pain ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Urological Emergency ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Abstract Background Testicular torsion is a urological emergency and needs urgent intervention to prevent testicular loss and impaired future fertility. It is commonly seen in the neonatal and adolescent age groups. Testicular torsion can also present outside these common age groups with uncommon symptoms and signs. We report case series of patients managed at Lily Hospitals Limited, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria with atypical presentation of testicular torsion. Case Presentation The first patient was a 35-year-old male that presented with recurrent right testicular pain of 1-year duration, described as dull aching with no constitutional symptoms, physical examination findings were not pathognomonic of testicular torsion, he had scrotal exploration with right orchidectomy and left orchidopexy. The second patient was a 39-year-old male who presented with recurrent right testicular pain of 4-days duration, described as dull aching with no constitutional symptoms. Physical examination findings were not classical for testicular torsion, he had scrotal exploration with bilateral orchidopexy. Conclusion Testicular torsion although common in neonatal and adolescent age groups can also present outside these age groups with uncommon symptoms and signs, a high index of suspicion is thus invaluable in any patient presenting with testicular pain despite the age and severity to avoid missing the diagnosis as this can lead to testicular loss.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Cranioplasty and External Ventricular Drain Implantation in Patients with Hydrocephalus: Case Series and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívio Pereira de Macêdo ◽  
Arlindo Ugulino Netto ◽  
Kauê Franke ◽  
Pierre Vansant Oliveira Eugenio ◽  
John Anderson da Silva Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Automobile Accidents ◽  
Decompressive Hemicraniectomy ◽  
Cerebral Herniation ◽  
Intraoperative Period ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Introduction The increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) is a neurological complication resulting from numerous pathologies that affect the brain and its compartments. Therefore, decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an alternative adopted to reduce ICP in emergencies, especially in cases refractory to clinical therapies, in favor of patient survival. However, DC is associated with several complications, including hydrocephalus (HC). The present study presents the results of an unusual intervention to this complication: the implantation of an external ventricular drain (EVD) in the intraoperative period of cranioplasty (CP). Methods Patients of both genders who presented with HC and externalization of the brain through the cranial vault after decompressive hemicraniectomy and underwent EVD implantation, to allow the CP procedure, in the same surgical procedure, were included. Results Five patients underwent DC due to a refractory increase in ICP, due to automobile accidents, firearm projectiles, falls from stairs, and ischemic strokes. All evolved with HC. There was no uniform time interval between DC and CP. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was drained according to the need for correction of cerebral herniation in each patient, before undergoing cranioplasty. All patients progressed well, without neurological deficits in the immediate postoperative period. Conclusion There are still several uncertainties about the management of HC resulting from DC. In this context, other CP strategies simultaneous to the drainage of CSF, not necessarily related to ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), should be considered and evaluated more deeply, in view of the verification of efficacy in procedures of this scope, such as the EVD addressed in this study.

scholarly journals Case series: Breast and ovarian cancer syndrome

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Brca Mutation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas ◽  
Increased Risk

Aims and Objectives: To report a series of cases with breast and ovarian carcinomas either in same patient or in a family and identifying the importance of BRCA 1,2 genetic testing in such individuals. Materials and Methods: The medical records of breast and ovarian cancer patients operated over past 3 years at a single institute were reviewed retrospectively and their clinical profile, family history, final pathological reports and follow up data was collected. Results: 8 patients were found to have breast and ovarian malignancies, out of which 3 had synchronous breast and ovarian cancers, 4 had metachronous and 1 patient with ovarian cancer had history of breast cancer in family. Median age of presentation to the hospital was 47 years and median time interval in metachronous disease patients was 5.5 years. Conclusion: About 5% of people who have breast cancer and about 10% of women who have ovarian cancer have HBOC, caused by germline mutation in BRCA1, 2 gene. These individuals have increased risk of developing breast cancer at younger age, TNBC, or developing a second primary in breast or ovary plus an overall risk of breast/ovarian/prostate/pancreatic malignancies in other family members due to inheritable mutation. Identification of BRCA mutation in such individuals can help family members to undergo genetic counseling and follow different screening and prevention guidelines from general population thus reducing the cancer risks.

scholarly journals Use of Electronic Cigarettes in European Populations: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kapan ◽  
S. Stefanac ◽  
I. Sandner ◽  
S. Haider ◽  
I. Grabovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes in past decades has aroused public health concern. This study aims to review the literature on the prevalence of e-cigarette use among the general adult and young populations in Europe. We searched Medline and Google Scholar from September 2019, and included “prevalence of e-cigarettes”, “electronic cigarettes” or “e-cigarettes”, and “electronic nicotine delivery system” or “vaping”. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use ranged from 0.2% to 27%, ever-use ranged from 5.5% to 56.6% and daily use ranged from 1% to 2.9%. Current smokers of conventional cigarettes showed the highest prevalence for the use of e-cigarettes, ranging from 20.4% to 83.1%, followed by ex-smokers, with ranges from 7% to 15%. The following socio-demographic factors were associated with a higher chance of using e-cigarettes: male sex and younger age groups; results for economic status were inconclusive. In European countries, there is a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use among males, adolescents and young adults, smokers of conventional cigarettes, and former smokers.

Detection and characterisation of hepatitis E virus in naturally infected swine in Croatia

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Lipej ◽  
Dinko Novosel ◽  
Lea Vojta ◽  
Besi Roić ◽  
Miljenko Šimpraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Bile Samples

Hepatitis E is a viral zoonotic disease infecting swine worldwide. Since pigs represent a likely animal reservoir for the hepatitis E virus, the epidemiology of naturally occurring hepatitis E was investigated in Croatian swine herds. Nearly all tested animals were seropositive for antibodies against the hepatitis E virus (55/60, 91.7%). Active infection was detected in all age groups by RT-PCR of viral RNA in serum (8/60, 13.3%) and bile samples (3/37, 8.1%), which was further confirmed by histopathological findings of characteristic lesions in the livers of the infected animals. Three new strains of hepatitis E virus were isolated from Croatian pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis using median-joining networks clustered those Croatian strains with isolates from various parts of the world, indicating their likely origin in international trade. Similarity to human isolates implies a zoonotic potential of Croatian strains, which raises a public health concern, especially in the light of the high prevalence of hepatitis E in the herds studied.

scholarly journals POS0774 INFLUENZA INFECTION AS A TRIGGER FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS FLARES RESULTING IN HOSPITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 641.1-641
Author(s):  
Y. B. Joo ◽  
Y. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Control Interval ◽  
The Impact

Background:Infections have been associated with a higher risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares, but the impact of influenza infection on SLE flares has not been evaluated.Objectives:We evaluated the association between influenza infection and SLE flares resulting in hospitalization.Methods:SLE flares resulting in hospitalization and influenza cases were ascertained from the Korean national healthcare insurance database (2014-2018). We used a self-controlled case series design. We defined the risk interval as the first 7 days after the influenza index date and the control interval was defined as all other times during the observation period of each year. We estimated the incidence rates of SLE flares resulting in hospitalization during the risk interval and control interval and compared them using a Poisson regression model.Results:We identified 1,624 influenza infections among the 1,455 patients with SLE. Among those, there were 98 flares in 79 patients with SLE. The incidence ratio (IR) for flares during the risk interval as compared with the control interval was 25.75 (95% confidence interval 17.63 – 37.59). This significantly increased the IRs for flares during the risk interval in both women (IR 27.65) and men (IR 15.30), all age groups (IR 17.00 – 37.84), with and without immunosuppressive agent (IR 24.29 and 28.45, respectively), and with and without prior respiratory diseases (IR 21.86 and 26.82, respectively).Conclusion:We found significant association between influenza infection and SLE flares resulting in hospitalization. Influenza infection has to be considered as a risk factor for flares in all SLE patients regardless of age, sex, medications, and comorbidities.References:[1]Kwong, J. C. et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction after Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Infection. N Engl J Med 2018:378;345-353.Table 1.Incidence ratios for SLE flares resulting in hospitalization after influenza infectionRisk intervalIncidence ratio95% CIDuring risk interval for 7 days / control interval25.7517.63 – 37.59Days 1-3 / control interval21.8114.71 – 32.35Days 4-7 / control interval7.563.69 – 15.47SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; CI, confidence intervalDisclosure of Interests:None declared

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