scholarly journals Can animal welfare have an impact on food safety? A study in the poultry production chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Iannetti ◽  
D Neri ◽  
M Torresi ◽  
V A Acciari ◽  
V Di Marzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Caecal Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Welfare

Abstract Background Animal welfare is a major issue in the production of food of animal origin. A project funded by the Italian Ministry of Health was carried out in order to collect scientific evidence that animal welfare is not only an ethical issue, but should also be related to food safety. Methods The project was carried out along an Italian integrated poultry production chain. Animal welfare was measured at farm in 13 broiler chicken batches, including 2 organic, using Welfare Quality®, an animal- and resource-based internationally recognised protocol. Samples for the detection and enumeration of Campylobacter, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were taken at different levels, from the live animal (faeces at farm and after transport) to the end product (caecal content and carcass skin at slaughterhouse), with a total of 2,080 samples. Strains were deeply characterised (serotyping, PFGE). Results Higher welfare scores were reported in organic batches. Transports to the slaughterhouse longer than 1 hour were associated to increased Campylobacter prevalence. Significantly lower Campylobacter concentrations both in faeces and carcass (P < 0.05) were reported in organic batches. Low-welfare batches showed higher prevalence of Salmonella, with statistically significant difference compared to high-welfare batches (43.6% versus 2.9% in carcass; 19.3% versus 0% in caecal content; P < 0.00001). L. monocytogenes was never found in faeces, in contrast with high prevalence in carcases (up to 72.5%) with undistinguishable genetic profiles recurrent in different batches after long time (up to 18 months). Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that poultry meat contamination is influenced by the welfare or stress which broilers experience during their life. Longer transports enhance Campylobacter prevalence. L. monocytogenes in poultry meat should not be linked to increased stress but rather to persistent contamination in the slaughterhouse processing environment. Key messages “High-welfare” broiler chicken batches show lower Campylobacter and Salmonella contamination compared to “Low-welfare” batches. Microbiological safety of poultry meat can be improved by the application of high animal welfare standards at farm and during transport.

Detection of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Broiler Chicken–Related Samples Using BAX PCR and Conventional International Organization for Standardization Culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA K. WILLIAMS ◽  
ALISDAIR MCMEECHAN ◽  
TAMSIN BAALHAM ◽  
LAURA WARD ◽  
TOM J. HUMPHREY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
International Organization For Standardization ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

In this study, the conventional International Organization for Standardization (ISO) culture method was compared with the DuPont Qualicon BAX system, a high-throughput, rapid molecular assay that can be used to detect several bacterial species, including Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in diverse sample types. Standard enrichment culture is a time-consuming process, taking up to 6 days to obtain a confirmed result. Rapid molecular assays have been developed that provide results within 24 h. Naturally contaminated samples from the poultry production chain were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. Samples from broiler chicken ceca (n = 100), fresh chicken carcass rinses (n = 60), and bootsocks (gauze sock walked through a broiler chicken house; n = 50) were enriched according to the ISO 10272 method in Bolton broth specifically designed to detect Campylobacter spp. in complex sample types. Samples were enriched without blood for use with the BAX system using the Campylobacter BAX kits for the detection of C. jejuni and C. coli. Samples also were directly plated onto modified charcoal cefperazone deoxycholate agar, and results were compared with those from the enriched samples for the ability to detect Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 49% of samples with conventional enrichment cultures, from 48% with direct culture, from 68% with the BAX system and enrichment cultures, and from 62% with the BAX system used directly with samples. Overall, the BAX system detected more positive samples than did the conventional culture method and is an effective methodology for the rapid and reliable detection of Campylobacter spp. from diverse sample types.

Performance of Food Safety Management Systems in Poultry Meat Preparation Processing Plants in Relation to Campylobacter spp. Contamination

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1447-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
IMCA SAMPERS ◽  
LIESBETH JACXSENS ◽  
PIETERNEL A. LUNING ◽  
WILLEM J. MARCELIS ◽  
ANN DUMOULIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Safety Management Systems ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

A diagnostic instrument comprising a combined assessment of core control and assurance activities and a microbial assessment instrument were used to measure the performance of current food safety management systems (FSMSs) of two poultry meat preparation companies. The high risk status of the company's contextual factors, i.e., starting from raw materials (poultry carcasses) with possible high numbers and prevalence of pathogens such as Campylobacter spp., requires advanced core control and assurance activities in the FSMS to guarantee food safety. The level of the core FSMS activities differed between the companies, and this difference was reflected in overall microbial quality (mesophilic aerobic count), presence of hygiene indicators (Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli), and contamination with pathogens such as Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp. The food safety output expressed as a microbial safety profile was related to the variability in the prevalence and contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat preparations found in a Belgian nationwide study. Although a poultry meat processing company could have an advanced FSMS in place and a good microbial profile (i.e., lower prevalence of pathogens, lower microbial numbers, and less variability in microbial contamination), these positive factors might not guarantee pathogen-free products. Contamination could be attributed to the inability to apply effective interventions to reduce or eliminate pathogens in the production chain of (raw) poultry meat preparations.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning of αRYR hotspot region 1 from broiler chicken

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Lamberti Ziober ◽  
Fernanda Gonzales Paião ◽  
Silvana Regina Rockenbach Marin ◽  
Denis Fabricio Marchi ◽  
Eliseu Binneck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pse Meat

Samples of Pectoralis major m. were collected, and an RT-PCR analysis of the a-Ryanodine receptor (a RYR) from chicken mRNA hotspot region spanning aminoacid residues 386 to 540, numbered according to the turkey sequence, revealed two classes of transcripts. The sequences of the first class were similar to turkey and human with 97% and 74% of identity, respectively, and included all transcripts with substitutions in the nucleotide sequence. The second class was characterized by the deletion of nucleotides, leading to a premature stop codon and coding for a truncated and nonfunctional protein. These results are to date the first report related to the sequencing of the chicken αRYR hotspot region 1, which will possibility serve as a guide for further studies regarding a solution in the poultry production chain related to the problem of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat.

scholarly journals How a routine checking of Escherichia coli in retailed food of animal origin can protect consumers against exposition to Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes?

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Trajkovic-Pavlovic ◽  
Budimka Novakovic ◽  
Mirjana Martinov-Cvejin ◽  
Vera Gusman ◽  
Sanja Bijelovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Background/Aim. According to the literature that has been published over the last two decades Campylobacter spp i Listeria monocitogens can be identified as causes of numerous diseases derived by consuming food of animal origin. The purpose of this paper was to find out how established national microbiological criteria of the Republic of Serbia on food safety in retailed food of animal origin could contribute to consumer's protection against exposition to foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Methods. During a routine microbiological safety control of randomly selected 60 samples of fresh poultry meat, 30 samples of other fresh meat readymade for grilling, 30 samples of sausage products, 37 samples of heattreated meat, 39 samples of toppings for fast food of animal origin and 31 samples of dairy products a national food safety criteria (Escherichia coli, aerobic plate count, Salmonella spp., coagulasa positive Staphylococcus, Proteus spp., sulphitoreducting Clostridia) were applied and, as well as, testing to Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocitogens. In determination of Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, food quality control methods of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) were applied, while in determination of the other above motioned bacteria, national provisions on microbiological methods were applied who are adjusted to the FAO ones. Results. Related to the national criteria on microbiological food safety, 88 (38.8%) samples, out of the total 227 tested, were rejected. When to these results, the results of laboratory tests on Listeria monocytogens were added, a terminal number of rejected samples were not changed. When to these results, the results of Campylobacter spp. testing were added, 91 (40.1%) out of the 227 samples were unsatisfied. Results of logistic regression model with occurrence of Escherichia coli as dependent variable indicated that Escherichia coli was 4.5 times likely to occur among samples with Campylobacter spp. than among samples without Campylobacter spp. (OR = 4.515, 95% CI: 1.019-20.002). Sensitivity of the fitted model (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.268) was 76.8% and its specificity was 75.0%. At the same time Escherichia coli was confound in all (100%) food samples that were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusion. Statistical analysis indicated that Escherichia coli was completely sensitive to identify all samples contaminated with Listeria monocytogenas and highly sensitive to identify samples contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Nevertheless, 3 (1.3%) of the tested samples were not covered with Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Poultry Production System in Mauritania before the Activities of the “Program to Alleviate Rural Poverty through Support to Subsectors” (ProLPRAF)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Salimata Pousga ◽  
Cheikh Ben Maali ◽  
Georges Anicet Ouedraogo
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Average Unit ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Poultry Farming

The objective of the present study was to display the state of poultry production in fourth (4) regions (Nouakchott, Hodh El Gharbi, Assaba and Guidimaka) covered by ProLPRAF program at the beginning of the program activities in 2011. Data were collected during surveys with different questionnaires addressed to different actors of the poultry sector. Results from farmers showed that 65.0% were female with average age of 45.3 ± 8.40 years. Production constraints remained the same as those encountered in poultry farming in developing countries. There were no poultry markets in the regions, poultry sellers in Nouakchott were male (100%) with average age of 34.8 ± 5.2 years. Traditional local chicken marketed in the regions came either from Nouakchott region (40%) and others (40%), or imported from neighboring countries (20%). In modern poultry farming, day-old chick was imported from Morocco (85%) or Senegal (15%) as well as production inputs. The price of local chicken ranged from 1385 ± 126 to 2325 ± 275 MU, while broiler chicken was between 1255 ± 60 and 1470 ± 47 MU. Local chicken was for ritual, traditions and practices (75%). Layer’s Eggs were imported from Morocco (55%) or Senegal (45%), and average unit price of one egg was around 43.0 ± 5.0 MU. Poultry meat cooked in the restaurants consisted exclusively of broilers meat (100%). Poultry farming was facing socio-political constraints that limited its development, but the ProLPRAF program has been able to tackle these constraints and the impact of the program is plausible today.

scholarly journals Phenotypes, antibacterial-resistant profile, and virulence-associated genes of Salmonella serovars isolated from retail chicken meat in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-445
Author(s):  
Amal Awad ◽  
Mayada Gwida ◽  
Eman Khalifa ◽  
Asmaa Sadat
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Retail Chicken Meat

Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of Salmonella serotypes in chicken meat samples, and to explore the susceptibility of the strains to antimicrobials, as well as their virulence-associated genes. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred retail chicken meat samples from different shops, as well as 25 stool specimens from retail shop workers, were included in the study. The collected samples were examined bacteriologically for the presence of salmonellae. Salmonella isolates were serotyped using a slide agglutination test for O and H antigens and were screened for the presence of five virulence genes (stn, pef, invA, sopB, and avrA) using a uniplex polymerase chain reaction assay and for their susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Results: Thirty-one Salmonella isolates belonging to 12 different serovars were identified. Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky were the dominant serovars (22.6% each). Salmonella isolates displayed a high antibiotic resistance against erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, doxycycline, cephalexin, cefaclor, tetracycline, polymyxin B, cefuroxime, vancomycin, and streptomycin. All Salmonella isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) and demonstrated different virulence genes. The majority of Salmonella serovars (87.1%) harbored sopB gene, 54.8% carried avrA and pef genes, while all isolates carried invA and stn genes. Conclusion: The presence of virulent MDR Salmonellae in raw chicken meat could allow the possibility of transmission of these resistant serovars to humans. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be followed on the whole poultry production chain to decrease the potential transmission of Salmonella infection from poultry meat to humans.

scholarly journals Review of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment in Poultry Meat: The Central Position of Consumer Behavior

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Tahreem Khalid ◽  
Ammar Hdaifeh ◽  
Michel Federighi ◽  
Enda Cummins ◽  
Géraldine Boué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk

Food of animal origin, especially meat products, represent the main vehicle of foodborne pathogens and so are implicated in foodborne outbreaks. Poultry meat is a widely consumed food in various forms, but it is also a reservoir of thermotolerant Campylobacter and Salmonella bacterial species. To assess human health risks associated with pathogenic bacteria in poultry meat, the use of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has increased over the years as it is recognized to address complex food safety issues and is recommended by health authorities. The present project reviewed poultry meat QMRA, identified key steps of the farm-to-fork chain with significant impacts on food safety, highlighted current knowledge gaps, and provided risk mitigation advices. A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)-based systematic analysis was carried out and enabled the collection of 4056 studies including 43 QMRA kept for analysis after screening. The latter emphasized Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. contaminations during the consumer stage as the main concern. The role of consumer handling on cross-contamination and undercooking events were of major concern. Thus, proper hygiene and safety practices by consumers have been suggested as the main intervention and would need to be followed with regular surveys to assess behavior changes and reduce knowledge gaps.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli from Retail Poultry Meats in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1673-1678
Author(s):  
SEOKHWAN KIM ◽  
HANSOL KIM ◽  
YONGHOON KIM ◽  
MIGYEONG KIM ◽  
HYOSUN KWAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in poultry meat pose a threat to public health. This article is the first to report the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in retail poultry meat labeled with various claims of antibiotic use in Korea. A total of 719 E. coli strains were isolated from 1,107 raw poultry (chicken and duck) meat samples purchased from nationwide retail stores between 2017 and 2019. All strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with a broth microdilution method. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in chicken was significantly higher than that in duck for almost all antibiotics tested, and 87.9% of E. coli strains in chicken samples were multidrug resistant. The most prevalent types of antimicrobial resistance in these E. coli strains from poultry meat were to nalidixic acid (75.7%), ampicillin (69.1%), and tetracycline (64.0%), consistent with national sales data for veterinary antibiotics in the Korean poultry production industry. Organic or antibiotic-free and conventional chicken products were equally likely to be contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli. Contamination may occur during slaughtering and subsequent processing, and antibiotic use is permitted in certain cases under organic or antibiotic-free poultry standards. Therefore, close surveillance is required throughout the chicken production chain to prevent the spread of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Microbial Food Safety in the Maryland Direct-to-Consumer Poultry Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Baron ◽  
David C. Love ◽  
Shanna Ludwig ◽  
Kathryn Dalton ◽  
Jesper Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Food Animal ◽  
Direct Market

AbstractDirect-to-consumer food marketing is a growing niche in the United States food supply chain. Food animal producers who use direct marketing may employ different production models and standard practices from producers selling animal products to the conventional food system. Direct-to-consumer food supply chains (generally and specifically regarding food animal products) are relatively unexplored in food safety and health research. We conducted a cross-sectional, market-basket analysis of the Maryland direct-to-consumer poultry supply chain to assess food safety. We analyzed 40 direct-to-consumer commercial poultry meat products (one product per farm) forEscherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureusandSalmonella spp.using culture-based methods. Isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing.E. coliandS. aureuswere recovered from 9/40 (23%) and 12/40 (30%) of poultry meat samples, respectively. Of interest for comparing direct-market and mainstream supply chains for food safety risks, noSalmonellaisolates were recovered from any direct-market sampled poultry products and no multidrug resistance was observed inE. coliandS. aureusisolates. Microbial outcomes were compared to a survey of poultry production and processing practices within the same study population.ImportanceThis study demonstrates substantially lower rates of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microbial pathogens in the market-basket products from Maryland direct-market broiler poultry supply chain compared to rates of AMR in the conventional supply chain for similar retail meat products from NARMS. We further describe the landscape of the statewide supply chain for direct-market poultry, focusing on characteristics related to risk management strategies applied to microbial food safety. These findings are of public health significance for both the research and policy communities; these data provide an initial evidence base for more targeted research evaluating potential risk factors for microbial food safety in the direct-to-consumer supply chain. These data will also assist the Maryland Department of Agriculture and other state-level agencies with oversight of food safety issues to guide policy efforts for direct-market poultry production and sales.

scholarly journals Campylobacter in food production chain in Vojvodina province (Serbia)

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Jelena Petrovic ◽  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Vera Gusman ◽  
Jelena Lekic ◽  
Mirjana Strbac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Autonomous Province ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Enteritis campylobacterialis has an increasing trend in Serbia. Human illness usually appears as sporadic case, most commonly in children with obvious seasonality. In registered outbreaks, incriminated food was most frequently poultry meat. Campylobacter is one of the most important food borne pathogens, commonly underreported, mostly because isolation of this bacteria requires specific equipment. Since 1 January 2019, monitoring of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses is mandatory when it comes to poultry production fa?cilities in Serbia. The aim of this paper was to analyze data from Autonomous Province of Vojvodina about the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat and risk for human illness. Our results indicate high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in whole food chain: poultry farms, slaughterhouses, retail and, correspondingly, high risk for consumers in Vojvodina. Measures for risk reduction of disease incidence include better bio security measures on the farm level as a main source of pathogen but also introduction of Campylo?bacter diagnostic equipment in all human diagnostic and food control laboratories.

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