scholarly journals Correlates of patterns of cannabis use, abuse and dependence: evidence from two national surveys in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán R Millar ◽  
Deirdre Mongan ◽  
Claire O’Dwyer ◽  
Jean Long ◽  
Bobby P Smyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Private Households ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract Background Knowledge of factors relating to patterns of cannabis use is important for informing drug policy. This study determined factors associated with recent and current cannabis use. In addition, we explored factors related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD)—defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders—among current users. Methods We analyzed data from Ireland’s 2010–11 and 2014–15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years or more, living in private households. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with recent (last year) and current (last month) cannabis use compared to experiential use. Binary logistic regression was used to determine factors related to CUD among current users. Results The weighted prevalence of experiential cannabis use was 18.3%, with 3.0% and 3.3% of participants indicating recent or current use, respectively; 41.3% of current users indicated having a CUD. Factors associated with both recent or current cannabis use included younger age, not being married or cohabiting, having no dependent children and current use of tobacco or alcohol. Male gender, younger age and lower educational levels were significantly related to CUD among current users. Conclusions Males, adolescents/young adults and individuals with lower educational levels are more likely to be current users of cannabis and are at a greater risk of having a CUD. Health professionals should be aware of these factors to improve detection and prevention of CUD.

scholarly journals Relationships between age at first substance use and persistence of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán R. Millar ◽  
Deirdre Mongan ◽  
Bobby P. Smyth ◽  
Ivan J. Perry ◽  
Brian Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis User ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Frequency Of Use

Abstract Background From a secondary prevention perspective, it is useful to know who is at greatest risk of progressing from substance initiation to riskier patterns of future use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between age at first use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and whether age of substance use onset is related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods We analysed data from Ireland’s 2010/11 and 2014/15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years and over, living in private households. We included only those people who reported lifetime cannabis use. Multinomial, linear and binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine relationships between age of substance use onset and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and having a CUD. Results When compared to former users, the odds of being a current cannabis user were found to be reduced by 11% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.95) and 4% (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) for each year of delayed alcohol and cannabis use onset, respectively. Among current users, significant inverse linear relationships were noted, with increasing age of first use of tobacco (β = − 0.547; P < .001) and cannabis (β = − 0.634; P < .001) being associated with a decreased frequency of cannabis use within the last 30 days. The odds of having a CUD were found to be reduced by 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94) and 11% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98) for each year of delayed tobacco and cannabis use onset respectively in analyses which examined survey participants aged 15–34 years. Conclusions Among people who report past cannabis use, it is those with a more precocious pattern of early use of substances, including alcohol, and especially tobacco and cannabis, who are more likely to report ongoing, heavy and problematic cannabis use. Secondary prevention initiatives should prioritise people with a pattern of very early onset substance use.

scholarly journals Assessment of pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting and their association in the early postoperative period: an observational study from Palestine

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem M. Elsaid ◽  
Ashraqat S. Namrouti ◽  
Ahmad M. Samara ◽  
Wael Sadaqa ◽  
Sa’ed H. Zyoud
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postoperative pain (POP) are most commonly experienced in the early hours after surgery. Many studies have reported high rates of PONV and POP, and have identified factors that could predict the development of these complications. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PONV and POP, and to identify some factors associated with these symptoms. Methods This was a prospective, multicentre, observational study performed at An-Najah National University Hospital and Rafidia Governmental Hospital, the major surgical hospitals in northern Palestine, from October 2019 to February 2020. A data collection form, adapted from multiple previous studies, was used to evaluate factors associated with PONV and POP in patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients were interviewed during the first 24 h following surgery. Multiple binary logistic regression was applied to determine factors that were significantly associated with the occurrence of PONV. Results Of the 211 patients included, nausea occurred in 43.1%, vomiting in 17.5%, and PONV in 45.5%. Multiple binary logistic regression analysis, using PONV as a dependent variable, showed that only patients with a history of PONV [odds ratio (OR) = 2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–5.01; p = 0.041] and POP (OR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.17–4.97; p = 0.018) were significantly associated with the occurrence of PONV. Most participants (74.4%) reported experiencing pain at some point during the first 24 h following surgery. Additionally, the type and duration of surgery were significantly associated with POP (p-values were 0.002 and 0.006, respectively). Conclusions PONV and POP are common complications in our surgical patients. Factors associated with PONV include a prior history of PONV and POP. Patients at risk should be identified, the proper formulation of PONV protocols should be considered, and appropriate management plans should be implemented to improve patients’ outcomes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms Among College Students in Wuhan, China During the Normalization Stage of COVID-19 Prevention and Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincong Yu ◽  
Ziyun Yang ◽  
Yuqin Wu ◽  
Ming Ge ◽  
Xuemei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control ◽  
At Home

Objectives: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has led to persistent negative psychological effects on the general public, especially on college students, who are highly susceptible to psychological difficulties, such as fear, anxiety, and depression. Little information is known about depressive symptoms among college students during the normalization stage of COVID-19 prevention and control in China. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of and factors associated with depressive symptoms after a long quarantine time and online learning at home among college students in Wuhan, China.Materials and Methods: A web-based survey was conducted from July to August 2020 during the Chinese summer holiday to collect data on sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, and their potential associated factors using an electronic questionnaire among college students in Wuhan, China. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with depressive symptoms.Results: A total of 9,383 college students were included in the analysis. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.8% (1,486/9,383) among college students. The binary logistic regression showed that the experience of being quarantined for observation or treatment, family members or friends dying of COVID-19, rarely or never seeking help from others, fewer supportive relatives or friends, less support from family in the past month, a worse relationship with parents at home, a longer time spent daily on electronic devices except for online learning, and feeling anxious in the face of returning to school were independently associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. Academic stress and concern about the epidemic were the main reasons for their anxiety.Conclusions: Targeted psychological intervention measures are recommended for college students to improve their mental health during the normalization stage of COVID-19 prevention and control.

scholarly journals Study of Risk Factors Associated with Suicide Attempt in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Karthick Subramanian ◽  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Siddharth Sarkar ◽  
Vigneshvar Chandrasekaran ◽  
Nivedhitha Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Family History ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Suicide is the leading contributor to mortality in bipolar disorder (BD). A history of suicidal attempt is a robust predictive marker for future suicide attempts. Personality profiles and coping strategies are the areas of contemporary research in bipolar suicides apart from clinical and demographic risk factors. However, similar research in developing countries is rarer. Objectives The present study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with suicidal attempts in BD type I (BD-I). Materials and Methods Patients with BD-I currently in clinical remission (N = 102) were recruited. Sociodemographic details and the clinical data were collected using a semistructured pro forma. The psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0. The National Institute of Mental Health–Life Chart Methodology Clinician Retrospective Chart was used to chart the illness course. Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory Short Form, Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire, Past Feelings and Acts of Violence, and Barratt Impulsivity scale were used to assess the patient’s stress scores, coping skills, aggression, violence, and impulsivity, respectively. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used for demographic details and characteristics of the illness course. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors for lifetime suicide attempt in BD-I. Results A total of 102 patients (males = 49 and females = 53) with BD-I were included. Thirty-seven subjects (36.3%) had a history of suicide attempt. The illness course in suicide attempters more frequently had an index episode of depression, was encumbered with frequent mood episodes, especially in depression, and had a higher propensity for psychiatric comorbidities. On binary logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) for predicting a suicide attempt were highest for positive family history of suicide (OR: 13.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–145.38, p = 0.030), followed by the presence of an index depressive episode (OR: 6.88, 95% CI: 1.70–27.91, p = 0.007), and lower scores on problem-focused disengagement (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56–0.92, p = 0.009). Conclusion BD-I patients with lifetime suicide attempt differ from non-attempters on various course-related and temperamental factors. However, an index episode depression, family history of suicide, and lower problem-focused engagement can predict lifetime suicide attempt in patients with BD-I.

Dyslipidemia in northeastern China

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Shi ◽  
Qinglong Jin ◽  
Yulin Hu ◽  
Xiumei Chi ◽  
Yanhang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Major Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Artery Diseases ◽  
Factors Associated

AbstractDyslipidemia, is a major risk factor for premature coronary artery disease. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia (blood lipid abnormalities) and other risk factors associated with coronary artery diseases among an adult population in northeastern China. Throughout the months of September and October of 2007,a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 3,815 individuals were included. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors associated with dyslipidemia. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and hypertriglyceridemia were 17.3%, 27.8%, 11.66% and 29.85%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, central obesity, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-ALD, diabetes and metabolic syndrome was higher in serum lipid abnormality groups than in the non-dyslipidemia group (p < 0.001). In a binary logistic regression, hyperlipidemia was positively correlated with age, male, hypertension, high body mass index, etc. There were negative correlations with being female and the level of education a subject had attained. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for premature coronary artery diseases and an important public health issue in the northeastern part of China. Dyslipidemia is more frequent than expected based on previous studies. To control dyslipidemia, routine evaluations in clinics and community centers are needed, as well as effective public health education.

The Victim–Offender Overlap in Prison: Examining the Factors Associated With Group Membership

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989842
Author(s):  
Jane C. Daquin ◽  
Leah E. Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Prison Literature ◽  
Factors Associated

Historically, criminologists have examined offending and victimization in the community as separate outcomes. Recently, however, researchers have begun to explore the shared commonalities of being an offender and a victim. The victim–offender overlap literature shows that victimization and offending are not different and distinct outcomes, but rather these outcomes share numerous risk factors. A close examination of the victim–offender overlap has not been done within the prison literature. Thus, it remains unclear whether there are commonalities among prisoners who offend while incarcerated and those who experience victimization. The focus of the current study is to (a) identify the proportion of the prisoners who were victims-only, offenders-only, victim–offenders, or neither victim nor offender and (b) identify the factors that predict membership into the four categories of the overlap. The current study used the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities with multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine which factors are associated with group membership into the victim–only, offender–only, or victim–offender groups in prison. Findings show that although the victim–offender overlap exists among prisoners, the majority of prisoners were neither a victim nor an offender. Victim–offenders and victims-only comprise only a small proportion of the sample. Findings also indicate that there are few unique factors across the groups. Results of the study have implications policy and future research.

scholarly journals Analysis of risk factors predicting recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Nikunja Yogi ◽  
Pankaj Raj Nepal ◽  
Dinesh Nath Gongal ◽  
Upendra Prasad Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Brain Expansion

Recurrences after evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma are seen in 2-33% of cases with various surgical approaches. Various demographical, clinical, radiological, surgical and postoperative management strategies have been explored as the possible predictors of recurrence. We performed a retrospective analysis in 160 patients with chronic subdural hematoma with an aim to analyze the post-operative recurrences and factors associated with it. Various socio demographic and clinico-radiological parameters were studied against the rate of recurrence after surgery using Chi square/Fischer Exact Test. Factors showing significant association on univarate analysis were then analysed using binary logistic regression. The rate of recurrence of CSDH in our study was 5% and the mean duration of recurrence was 33 days. Chronic alcohol use (p=0.007) and intraoperative brain expansion ((p=0.001) were the two factors associated with recurrence of CSDH. On binary logistic regression chronic alcohol use (wald-6.467, p=0.011) and intraoperative brain expansion (wald=6.674, p=0.010) were both associated significantly with recurrence of CSDGH with an odds of 7.804 and 0.058 respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of non-daily and daily cannabis use among persons 15 years and older in South Africa: Results of a national survey in 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shandir Ramlagan ◽  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Supa Pengpid
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Male Sex

Abstract BackgroundThe study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of non-daily and daily cannabis use among persons 15 years and older in South Africa.MethodIn a national cross-sectional 2017 survey, 39,207 persons 15 years and older (Median = 34 years) responded to a questionnaire on substance use and health variables. Multinominal logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of nondaily and daily cannabis use and logistic regression for the determinants of daily cannabis use among active cannabis users.ResultsResults indicate that 5.0% of the participants engaged in non-daily and 2.8% in daily cannabis use in the past 3 months. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, male sex, having Grade 8–11 education, Coloureds, alcohol use disorder, living with husband or wife, not living with a partner, and other drug use were positively and students were negatively associated with daily cannabis use. Male sex, younger age, living alone or single, living with a partner, alcohol use disorder, and other drug use were positively and multimorbidity was negatively associated with nondaily cannabis use. Compared to nondaily cannabis users, male sex had higher odds and students and other drug use had lower odds of daily cannabis use.ConclusionAbout one in ten participants engaged past 3-month cannabis use, and several sociodemographic and health indicators were identified associated with non-daily and daily cannabis use.

scholarly journals A trend of Korean older adults’ awareness as a threat to society during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1030-1030
Author(s):  
Soonhyung Kwon ◽  
Jaesung An ◽  
Oejin Shin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Negative Cognition ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Unlike ageism that consists of one’s prejudice, stereotype, and discrimination toward older adults, age-based threats are one’s negative cognition (Levy, 2001). Previous studies indicated that the younger generation stigmatizes the older generation as unworthy during the COVID-19 pandemic (Meisner, 2021). However, there is no study looking at how older adults perceive themselves as threats to society during this time of the pandemic. Thus, our study aimed to understand the varying trend of older adults’ awareness as a threat to society in association with socio-economic profiles before and during the pandemic. Method: This study included 637 Korean older adults who answered the older generation’s threats to society from 2018 to 2020. We used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to categorize participants into different subgroups that shared distinct patterns of threats to society. Multinomial logistic regression examined how the subgroups in threats to society were associated with socio-demographic characteristics in each year. Results For three waves, three clusters of threats to society (low, mid, and high) were identified. Although the mid-level of threat remained the same (60% of the sample for three years), the high level of threats has been doubled in 2019 (25%) compared to 2018 (11%) and 2020 (13%). Regarding the associated socio-demographic characteristics with threats to society, those who being female in 2018 and younger age in 2020 were more likely to be associated with mid-level of threats to society. Discussion Further study needs to identify the relationship between awareness as a threat to society and health outcomes.

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