scholarly journals Driver Speed Profiles Index Warning Signs of MCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 127-128
Author(s):  
Jennifer Merickel ◽  
Ruiqian Wu ◽  
Matthew Rizzo ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Real World ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Behavior Profiles ◽  
Early Warnings

Abstract Goal Use driver behavior profiles to screen and index early warnings of cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hypothesis: Real-world driver speed behavior profiles discriminate mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Sensors were installed in personal vehicles of 74 legally-licensed, active drivers (age: 65-90 years, μ = 75.85) who completed 2, 3-month real-world driving assessments, including demographic and cognitive assessments, 1 year apart (244,564 miles driven). MCI status was indexed using 8 neuropsychological tests (spanning executive function, visuospatial skills, processing speed, and memory), relevant to MCI and driving. Driving environment was indexed from state speed limit (SL; roadway type: residential, commercial, interstate) and sunrise-sunset databases (time of day: day vs. night). Models: Data were randomly split into training (66%) and validation (33%) sets. An optimal mixed effects logistic regression model was determined from validation data AUC values. Results MCI drivers drove slower with optimal discrimination (estimated for every 5 mph decrease in speeding) in 1) residential roads (SL 25-35 mph; MCI odds increased by 6% [95% CI: 2-11%]), 2) interstate roads (SL >55 mph; MCI odds increased by 14% [95% CI: 8-20%]), and 3) night environments (MCI odds increased by 7% [95% CI: 2-12%]). Conclusion Quantitative indices of real-world driver data provide “ground truth” for screening and indexing phenotypes of cognitive decline, in line with ongoing efforts to link driver behavior with age-related cognitive decline and AD biomarkers. Behavioral biomarkers for diagnosing early warnings of dementia could ultimately bolster our ability to detect and intervene in early AD.

Activity Engagement in Cognitive Aging: A Review of the Evidence

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Rogalski ◽  
Muriel Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The population of older adults is rapidly increasing, as is the number and type of products and interventions proposed to prevent or reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline. Advocacy and prevention are part of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA’s) scope of practice documents, and speech-language pathologists must have basic awareness of the evidence contributing to healthy cognitive aging. In this article, we provide a brief overview outlining the evidence on activity engagement and its effects on cognition in older adults. We explore the current evidence around the activities of eating and drinking with a discussion on the potential benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, alcohol, and coffee. We investigate the evidence on the hypothesized neuroprotective effects of social activity, the evidence on computerized cognitive training, and the emerging behavioral and neuroimaging evidence on physical activity. We conclude that actively aging using a combination of several strategies may be our best line of defense against cognitive decline.

scholarly journals CIRO: The Effects of Visually Diminished Real Objects on Human Perception in Handheld Augmented Reality

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Hanseob Kim ◽  
Taehyung Kim ◽  
Myungho Lee ◽  
Gerard Jounghyun Kim ◽  
Jae-In Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
User Perception ◽  
Depth Distortion ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Visual Artifacts

Augmented reality (AR) scenes often inadvertently contain real world objects that are not relevant to the main AR content, such as arbitrary passersby on the street. We refer to these real-world objects as content-irrelevant real objects (CIROs). CIROs may distract users from focusing on the AR content and bring about perceptual issues (e.g., depth distortion or physicality conflict). In a prior work, we carried out a comparative experiment investigating the effects on user perception of the AR content by the degree of the visual diminishment of such a CIRO. Our findings revealed that the diminished representation had positive impacts on human perception, such as reducing the distraction and increasing the presence of the AR objects in the real environment. However, in that work, the ground truth test was staged with perfect and artifact-free diminishment. In this work, we applied an actual real-time object diminishment algorithm on the handheld AR platform, which cannot be completely artifact-free in practice, and evaluated its performance both objectively and subjectively. We found that the imperfect diminishment and visual artifacts can negatively affect the subjective user experience.

scholarly journals Classification of unlabeled online media

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthi Kumar Arul Prakash ◽  
Conrad Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Real World ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThis work investigates the ability to classify misinformation in online social media networks in a manner that avoids the need for ground truth labels. Rather than approach the classification problem as a task for humans or machine learning algorithms, this work leverages user–user and user–media (i.e.,media likes) interactions to infer the type of information (fake vs. authentic) being spread, without needing to know the actual details of the information itself. To study the inception and evolution of user–user and user–media interactions over time, we create an experimental platform that mimics the functionality of real-world social media networks. We develop a graphical model that considers the evolution of this network topology to model the uncertainty (entropy) propagation when fake and authentic media disseminates across the network. The creation of a real-world social media network enables a wide range of hypotheses to be tested pertaining to users, their interactions with other users, and with media content. The discovery that the entropy of user–user and user–media interactions approximate fake and authentic media likes, enables us to classify fake media in an unsupervised learning manner.

scholarly journals Targeting impaired nutrient sensing with repurposed therapeutics to prevent or treat age-related cognitive decline and dementia: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 101302
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kioussis ◽  
Camilla S.L. Tuttle ◽  
Daniel S. Heard ◽  
Brian K. Kennedy ◽  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profile in Different Age Groups and Its Association with Cognitive Function in Healthy Malay Adults in Malaysia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Nur Fathiah Abdul Abdul Sani ◽  
Ahmad Imran Zaydi Amir Amir Hamzah ◽  
Zulzikry Hafiz Abu Abu Bakar ◽  
Yasmin Anum Mohd Mohd Yusof ◽  
Suzana Makpol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

The mechanism of cognitive aging at the molecular level is complex and not well understood. Growing evidence suggests that cognitive differences might also be caused by ethnicity. Thus, this study aims to determine the gene expression changes associated with age-related cognitive decline among Malay adults in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 healthy Malay subjects, aged between 28 and 79, and recruited around Selangor and Klang Valley, Malaysia. Gene expression analysis was performed using a HumanHT-12v4.0 Expression BeadChip microarray kit. The top 20 differentially expressed genes at p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) = 1.2 showed that PAFAH1B3, HIST1H1E, KCNA3, TM7SF2, RGS1, and TGFBRAP1 were regulated with increased age. The gene set analysis suggests that the Malay adult’s susceptibility to developing age-related cognitive decline might be due to the changes in gene expression patterns associated with inflammation, signal transduction, and metabolic pathway in the genetic network. It may, perhaps, have important implications for finding a biomarker for cognitive decline and offer molecular targets to achieve successful aging, mainly in the Malay population in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Aging-associated deficit in CCR7 is linked to worsened glymphatic function, cognition, neuroinflammation, and β-amyloid pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. eabe4601
Author(s):  
Sandro Da Mesquita ◽  
Jasmin Herz ◽  
Morgan Wall ◽  
Taitea Dykstra ◽  
Kalil Alves de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lymphatic Vasculature ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Old Mice

Aging leads to a progressive deterioration of meningeal lymphatics and peripheral immunity, which may accelerate cognitive decline. We hypothesized that an age-related reduction in C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7)–dependent egress of immune cells through the lymphatic vasculature mediates some aspects of brain aging and potentially exacerbates cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease–like brain β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. We report a reduction in CCR7 expression by meningeal T cells in old mice that is linked to increased effector and regulatory T cells. Hematopoietic CCR7 deficiency mimicked the aging-associated changes in meningeal T cells and led to reduced glymphatic influx and cognitive impairment. Deletion of CCR7 in 5xFAD transgenic mice resulted in deleterious neurovascular and microglial activation, along with increased Aβ deposition in the brain. Treating old mice with anti-CD25 antibodies alleviated the exacerbated meningeal regulatory T cell response and improved cognitive function, highlighting the therapeutic potential of modulating meningeal immunity to fine-tune brain function in aging and in neurodegenerative diseases.

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