scholarly journals Temporal Trends in the Prevalence of Dementia in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 258-258
Author(s):  
Jung Hyun Kim ◽  
Anja Leist
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Dementia Prevalence

Abstract Background. Secular decreases in the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia have been observed in several Western countries, however, few systematic investigations of temporal trends in dementia have been conducted in South Korea. Method. Data came from N=8,006 individuals (N=2,110 assessed twice) aged 65 years and older participating in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging 2008 and 2018. Dementia was indicated by a score ≤ 17 on the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Dementia was regressed on the year of survey, adjusting for multiple demographic and socio-economic confounders, and, in additional models, also chronic diseases and lifestyle factors related to health, social, and religious activities. Results. Across waves, the share of individuals with low socio-economic status decreased. The prevalence of chronic diseases, including diabetes, heart diseases, stroke, and psychiatric diseases, increased over time. Alcohol consumption increased, whereas smoking rates, religious affiliation, and participation in religious activities decreased. Controlling for all covariates and compared to 2008, we observe decreases in dementia prevalence in 2018 by 52% (2018: OR 0.48, CI 0.42, 0.56). Women’s MMSE scores were more than two times as likely as men’s to indicate dementia (OR 2.59, CI 2.15, 3.14). Discussion. Decreases in dementia prevalence in Korea are partly attributable to improved socio-economic conditions and can be observed despite the increased prevalence of chronic conditions. However, secular trends were not fully explained by these and lifestyle factors. We discuss further individual-level and contextual-level mechanisms that may have contributed to these findings.

scholarly journals Kohärenzgefühl und Religiosität bei polnischen und deutschen Studierenden

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Schonder
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Religious Convictions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Country Specific

This empirical study contributes to the question of whether there is a difference in the influence of religious beliefs and affiliation on the sense of coherence between young people from a secular country (such as Germany) and a Catholic country (such as Poland). To empirically capture the sense of coherence a surevy on life orientation was used. Under the concept of „Religeous Beliefs“ it examinded religious convictions, organized and non-organized religious activities. The random sample included 2266 students from Germany and Poland. The participants had Protestant, Catholic, and Buddhist religious affiliations, as well as no religious affiliation. At the individual level, where sense of cohernece was only examined in relation to indicators of religious beliefs, having a religious conviction shows positive effects on students’ sense of coherence. However, its relevance is country-specific. Going to church and being affiliated with a religion has a stronger influence on Polish students’ sense of coherence than on German students.

scholarly journals A national pilot program for chronic diseases and health inequalities in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangkyoung Ha ◽  
Dongjin Kim ◽  
Jihee Choi ◽  
Kyunghee Jung-Choi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background To achieve the health equity, it is important to reduce socioeconomic inequalities when managing chronic diseases. In South Korea, a pilot program for chronic diseases was implemented at the national level. This study aimed to examine its effect on socioeconomic inequalities in chronic disease management at the individual and regional levels. Methods Korean National Health Insurance data from September 2016 to October 2017 were used. Study subjects in the national pilot program for chronic diseases included 31,765 participants and 5,741,922 non-participants. The dependent variable was continuity of prescription medication. Socioeconomic position indicators were health insurance contribution level and the area deprivation index. Covariates were gender, age, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). A multilevel logistic regression model was used to address the effects at both the individual and regional levels. This is a cross-sectional study. Results Unlike the group of non-participants, the participants showed no inequality in prescription medication continuity according to individual-level socioeconomic position. However, continuity of prescription medication was higher among those in less deprived areas compared to those in more deprived areas in both the participation and non-participation groups. Conclusions This study found that the pilot program for chronic diseases at the least did not contribute to the worsening of health inequalities at the individual level in South Korea. However, there was a trend showing health inequalities based on the socioeconomic level of the area. These findings suggest that additional policy measures are needed to attain equality in the management of chronic diseases regardless of the regional socioeconomic position.

Use of linked administrative and laboratory data to confirm that serum 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women can be predicted from satellite estimates of ultraviolet radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M Miller ◽  
Robyn M Lucas ◽  
Elizabeth A Davis ◽  
Prue H Hart ◽  
Nicholas H de Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Time Period

Abstract Background Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of pregnant women have been linked to various health outcomes in their offspring. Satellite-derived ultraviolet radiation (UVR) data have been used as a proxy for 25(OH)D levels, as individual-level cohort studies are time-consuming, costly and only feasible for common outcomes. Methods Data on 25(OH)D levels from a public laboratory database were linked to data from the Western Australian Midwives’ Notification System and daily erythemal UVR dose from NASA satellites. Regression analysis was used to identify the time period prior to venesection where daily UVR dose best predicted 25(OH)D levels. A predictive model was used to validate the use of daily UVR dose as a proxy for personal sun exposure during pregnancy. Results Data from 19 173 pregnancies in women aged 18–43 years in Western Australia were included. The daily UVR dose averaged over the 90 days before venesection was the strongest UVR predictor of 25(OH)D level (a 5% increase per 1000 J m–2; equal to 3.3 nmol L–1 at the median of 66 nmol L–1). Ethnicity was the strongest predictor of 25(OH)D levels (21% lower in non-Caucasian vs Caucasian: equal to 7.2 nmol L–1 difference). Other significant predictors were gestation, age, year, parity, socio-economic status, remoteness, medical conditions and season. Conclusion NASA-derived erythemal UVR dose in the 90 days prior to venesection is a significant predictor of 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women. Linked administrative data can be used to investigate associations between UVR during pregnancy and health outcomes in offspring.

scholarly journals Looking into the life of technology-dependent children and their caregivers in Korea: lifting the burden of too many responsibilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hyeon Choi ◽  
Min Sun Kim ◽  
Cho Hee Kim ◽  
In Gyu Song ◽  
June Dong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dependent Children

Abstract Background The number of technology-dependent children (TDC) is increasing in South Korea, but available healthcare services after their discharge are poor. This study aimed to examine how TDC and caregivers live at home and identify their difficulties and needs regarding home care with few services to support them. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital for children in South Korea. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by primary caregivers of TDC who were younger than 19 years and had been dependent on medical devices for more than 3 months. Technologies included home mechanical ventilation, oxygen supplementation, suction equipment, enteral feeding tube, and home total parenteral nutrition. Patterns of healthcare use and home care of TDC and caregivers’ perception toward child were assessed. Results A total of 74 primary caregivers of TDC completed a self-reported questionnaire. About 60% children were aged under 5 years. There were 31.1% children who required both respiratory and nutritional support. On average, caregivers took care of a child for 14.4 (±6.1) hours, slept for 5.6 (±1.6) hours, and spent 2.4 h per day on personal activities. Children used hospital services for 41.3 (±45.6) days in 6 months, and most (78.1%) were transported through private car/ambulance. Participants (75.6%) reported taking more than an hour to get to the hospital. More than 80% of caregivers responded that child care is physically very burdensome. The only statistically significant relationships was between economic status and financial burden (p = 0.026). Conclusions Caregivers of TDC reported having significant time pressure regarding childcare-related tasks, insufficient time for personal activities, and inefficient hospital use because of inadequate medical services to support them in South Korea. Thus, it is necessary to support caregivers and develop a home care model based on current medical environment.

scholarly journals Smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity—modifiable lifestyle risk factors and their associations with age to first chronic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Ng ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Zhan Yao ◽  
Walter P Wodchis ◽  
Laura C Rosella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the incidence of a person’s first diagnosis of a selected chronic disease, and the relationships between modifiable lifestyle risk factors and age to first of six chronic diseases.MethodsOntario respondents from 2001 to 2010 of the Canadian Community Health Survey were followed up with administrative data until 2014 for congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, diabetes, lung cancer, myocardial infarction and stroke. By sex, the cumulative incidence function of age to first chronic disease was calculated for the six chronic diseases individually and compositely. The associations between modifiable lifestyle risk factors (alcohol, body mass index, smoking, diet, physical inactivity) and age to first chronic disease were estimated using cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models and Fine-Gray competing risk models.ResultsDiabetes was the most common disease. By age 70.5 years (2015 world life expectancy), 50.9% of females and 58.1% of males had at least one disease and few had a death free of the selected diseases (3.4% females; 5.4% males). Of the lifestyle factors, heavy smoking had the strongest association with the risk of experiencing at least one chronic disease (cause-specific hazard ratio = 3.86; 95% confidence interval = 3.46, 4.31). The lifestyle factors were modelled for each disease separately, and the associations varied by chronic disease and sex.ConclusionsWe found that most individuals will have at least one of the six chronic diseases before dying. This study provides a novel approach using competing risk methods to examine the incidence of chronic diseases relative to the life course and how their incidences are associated with lifestyle behaviours.

Abstract 12259: Epidemiology of Valvular Heart Diseases: A 30-Year Retrospective of Hospitalizations and In-Hospital Mortality in New York State

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis G Supino ◽  
Ofek Y Hai ◽  
Nasimullah Khan ◽  
Jeffrey S Borer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
New York State ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
York State ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) is among the most predictable causes of heart failure (HF) and an important cause of sudden death. Temporal trends of clinically significant VHD during the past three decades have not been defined. Methods: To obtain information for our region, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of all inpatient hospital records (79,689,879) obtained from the New York State (NYS) Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database for years 1983 (first year reliable data were consistently available) through 2012 (last year data were complete). VHD cases (2,720,313) were identified from principal or secondary ICD-9 codes for aortic, mitral, tricuspid or pulmonic VHD. Linear regression was used to evaluate trends over time for VHD hospitalizations, valve surgery (VS) and in-hospital deaths. Logistic regression was used to predict mortality risk factors. Results: From 1983-2012, total hospitalizations decreased by ~500,000 cases; simultaneously, VHD hospitalizations increased markedly (34,395 in 1983 to 125,139 in 2012). Rate of increase was linear across all VHD categories = 4,248 new cases (12.4%)/yr, r 2 = 0.99, p<.0001) through 2006 (peak= 132,323 cases), and then flattened through 2012. A parallel trend was found for VS, though no appreciable flattening occurred (2,582 cases in 1983 to 7,787 in 2012, linearized increase rate=207 VS [8.0%]/yr, r 2 =0.97, p<.001). Both numbers of hospitalizations and performance of VS rose with patient age (p<.001). Over the study interval, 123,787 patients with VHD died in the hospital, including 9,272 who died after VS; avg case fatality rates were 4.6% (all VHD) and 6.4% (VS). Deaths were independently associated with advancing age, nonelective admission and presence of associated HF (p<.0001, all). Male gender predicted increased death risk among the general VHD population; female gender predicted death risk among those undergoing VS. Conclusions: The incidence of VHD hospitalization and VS in NYS has risen substantially since the early 1980s and can be expected to rise further as the population ages. Thus, intensive planning is needed to deal with public health implications of these trends as we attempt to meet the growing needs of this patient population.

scholarly journals The Fingerprint of Climate Change and Urbanization in South Korea

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Ho Nam ◽  
Guillermo Baigorria ◽  
Eun-Mi Hong ◽  
Taegon Kim ◽  
Yong-Sang Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Understanding long-term changes in precipitation and temperature patterns is important in the detection and characterization of climate change, as is understanding the implications of climate change when performing impact assessments. This study uses a statistically robust methodology to quantify long-, medium- and short-term changes for evaluating the degree to which climate change and urbanization have caused temporal changes in precipitation and temperature in South Korea. We sought to identify a fingerprint of changes in precipitation and temperature based on statistically significant differences at multiple-timescales. This study evaluates historical weather data during a 40-year period (1973–2012) and from 54 weather stations. Our results demonstrate that between 1993–2012, minimum and maximum temperature trends in the vicinity of urban and agricultural areas are significantly different from the two previous decades (1973–1992). The results for precipitation amounts show significant differences in urban areas. These results indicate that the climate in urbanized areas has been affected by both the heat island effect and global warming-caused climate change. The increase in the number of rainfall events in agricultural areas is highly significant, although the temporal trends for precipitation amounts showed no significant differences. Overall, the impacts of climate change and urbanization in South Korea have not been continuous over time and have been expressed locally and regionally in terms of precipitation and temperature changes.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis on cigarettes smoking and its determinants in Bangladesh using logistic regression model

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1733
Author(s):  
Afrin Sadia Rumana ◽  
Asia Khatun ◽  
Sukanta Das
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Household Economic Status

Background: In Bangladesh, smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death. Despite possessing knowledge about the consequences of smoking and the resultant non-communicable diseases, individuals have become considerably habituated to it. The study aims to identify the factors associated with smoking cigarettes and as well as to examine the existing situation of this issue among adult males in Bangladesh.Methods: Total 480 adult males were surveyed from Bangladesh through personal interview and online questionnaire, (from June 2018 to June 2019). To measure the effect of the explanatory variables on cigarettes smoking, authors perform χ2 test of independence as bivariate analysis. After performing bivariate analysis, a logistic regression analysis has been performed to assess the effect of the explanatory variables.Results: Findings of the study revealed that educational level, household economic status, media exposure, division have significant contribution for smoking cigarettes among the adult male in Bangladesh. A comparison of religious affiliation showed smoking cigarettes to be higher among non-muslim counterparts. Respondents living in rural area are found to have smoking cigarettes comparing with urban area.Conclusions: From the study it can be concluded that education and socio-economic status of male make a significant contribution in cigarettes smoking.

scholarly journals Association between area-level education and the co-occurrence of behavior-related risk factors: a multilevel analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Fernando Boing ◽  
SV Subramanian ◽  
Alexandra Crispim Boing
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Unhealthy Eating

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the association of four different risk factors for chronic diseases and accumulation of these health behaviors with area-level education, regardless of individual-level characteristics in Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Southern Brazil including 1,720 adults in 2009/2010. The simultaneous occurrence of tobacco smoking, abusive drinking, unhealthy eating habits, and physical inactivity was investigated. Using multilevel models, we tested whether area-level education was associated with each risk factor and with the co-occurrence of them after controlling sociodemographic individual-level variables. Results: We observed a between-group variance of 7.79, 7.11, 6.84 and 1.08% for physical inactivity, problematic use of alcohol, unhealthy eating habits, and smoking, respectively. The between-group variance for the combination of four behaviors was 14.2%. Area-level education explained a significant proportion of the variance observed in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits. Residents of low educational level neighborhoods showed a 2.40 (95%CI 1.58 - 3.66) times higher chance of unhealthy eating and 1.78 (95%CI 1.19 - 2.67) times higher chance of physical inactivity. The likelihood of individuals with two or three/four risk factors was simultaneously higher among residents of low educational level neighborhoods. Conclusion: Public policies should consider the area-level characteristics, including education to control risk factors for chronic diseases.

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