scholarly journals The distribution of chondrichthyans along the northern coast of Norway

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Williams ◽  
Kristin Helle ◽  
Michaela Aschan

Abstract Williams, T., Helle, K., and Aschan, M. 2008. The distribution of chondrichthyans along the northern coast of Norway. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1161–1174. The relationship between temperature, latitude, and depth and the distribution and relative abundance of chondrichthyans along the northern coast of Norway was examined based on catches made in scientific trawls north of 62°N from 1992 to 2005. It appears that Chimaera monstrosa, Etmopterus spinax, Squalus acanthias, and Galeus melastomus were more abundant in the south, and Amblyraja radiata more common in the north. Between 1992 and 2005, the distribution and relative abundance did not appear to change significantly, although average water temperatures rose during the period. Current fishing levels do not appear to be impacting the populations of the more common species, but the status of species rarely found in the survey catches is unclear.

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-402
Author(s):  
ANDREW MCKENZIE-MCHARG

AbstractIn 1789 in Leipzig, a slim pamphlet of 128 pages appeared that sent shock waves through the German republic of letters. The pamphlet, bearing the title Mehr Noten als Text (More notes than text), was an ‘exposure’ whose most sensational element was a list naming numerous members of the North German intelligentsia as initiates of a secret society. This secret society, known as the German Union, aimed to push back against anti-Enlightenment tendencies most obviously manifest in the policies promulgated under the new Prussian king Frederick William II. The German Union was the brainchild of the notorious theologian Carl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–92). But who was responsible for the ‘exposure’? Using material culled from several archives, this article pieces together for the first time the back story to Mehr Noten als Text and in doing so uncovers a surprisingly heterogeneous network of Freemasons, publishers, and state officials. The findings prompt us to reconsider general questions about the relationship of state and society in the late Enlightenment, the interplay of the public and the arcane spheres and the status of religious heterodoxy at this time.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Budi Wardono ◽  
Akhmad Fauzi

Salah satu alasan yang kuat nelayan tangkap skala kecil tetap melaut meskipun mempunyai risiko tinggi karena peluang/prospek pendapatan/penerimaan yang tinggi pada satu saat. Risiko melaut tidak hanya membuat ketidakpastian tetapi juga karena risiko biaya operasional yang tinggi. Dihadapkan dengan kondisi biaya operasional yang  tinggi, nelayan menggunakan strategi yang berbeda, salah satunya melekat pada peran tengkulak. Dalam pandangan konvensional, pedagang perantara/ langgan sebagai hambatan bagi nelayan untuk menjadi kompetitif di pasar. Namun di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia, mereka memainkan peran penting sebagai "bantal sosial" dalam kehidupan nelayan skala kecil. Tujuan penelitian adalah menyelidiki tingkat kecenderungan keterikatan hubungan langgan/pedagang antara sebagai “bantal sosial” dengan nelayan di dua daerah penangkapan ikan yang menonjol di pantai utara dan pantai selatan Jawa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis kuantitatif yaitu model analisis multinomial logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nelayan dari pantai utara cenderung sangat kuat hubungannya dengan perantara untuk kelangsungan hidupnya dibandingkan dengan nelayan di pantai selatan. Implikasi dari temuan tersebut bahwa peran sentral langgan/perantara/tengkulak/langgan merupakan bentuk hubungan yang bersifat ekonomi dimana kedua belah pihak bisa mengambil keuntungan. Pola hubungan bukan hanya sekedar sebagai penyangga, namun lebih dari itu yaitu berfungsi sebagai “bantal” sosial (social cushion) para nelayan. Hubungan seperti ini merupakan bentuk layanan dimana para nelayan bisa mendapatkan alternatif layanan jasa “kredit” dari para perantara/langgan/tengkulak. Bentuk layanan seperti yang diperankan oleh langgan/pedagang perantara selama ini belum bisa digantikan oleh lembaga pemerintah yang resmi, dimana pola hubungan tersebut sangat dibutuhkan oleh nelayan skala kecil. Pola hubungan tersebut selain dipengaruhi oleh lokasi, juga dipengaruhi oleh status kepemilikan kapal, lama kepemilikan kapal dan jumlah ABK.Title: The Role “Social Cushion” On The Livelihood Of Small Scale Fishers In JavaOne of the strong reason for small scale fishers to keep fishing despite high risk of fishing, is the prospect of high earning at one moment in time. Risk at fishery not only  create uncertaining but also risk high cost of fishing. Faced with such a high cost, fishers use different strategies, one of which is attached to the middlemen. Convientional views middlemen as an obstacle for fishers to be competitive in the market. Yet in developing country such us Indonesia, they play crucial role as a “social cushion” in the livelihood of small scale fishers. The purpose of research is to investigate the tendency of engagement relationships middleman as "social cushion" with fishermen in the fishing areas that stand out on the north coast and the south coast of Java. Data was analyzed using quantitative analysis method multinomial logistic analysis model. Results of this study show that fishers of the northern coast tend to strongly attach to middlemen for their survival compared with those in the southern coast.  Relationships with fishermen middlemen is a service, where fishermen can get alternative services "credit" from the middleman. Services such as that played by middleman has not been able to replace them by official government agencies, where this kind of relationship is needed by small-scale fishermen. The relationship patterns in addition affected by the location, also influenced by the status of ownership of the vessel, long time ship ownership and the number of crew.  


1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2323-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Catling ◽  
A. A. Reznicek ◽  
B. S. Brookes

To clarify the relationship between the Eurasian Carex disticha and the North American Carex sartwellii, 38 morphological characters were measured in 30 specimens of each. Various qualitative features were also scored. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), a reduced number of 10 important continuous characters was obtained and the sample of each taxon was increased to 50. ANOVA of these 10 characters revealed that perigynium length and perigynium beak length were the most important discriminating characters, but in a scatter diagram of these two, 15% of the sample occupied a region of overlap. Principal-component analysis and discriminant analysis using the 10 characters resulted in a separation of the two groups, but a small region of overlap existed in both cases. The two taxa are distinct by virtue of accumulation of small morphological and other differences in a number of characters, rather than by sharp differentiation in a few characters. Carex disticha has larger perigynia with beaks (0.8–)1–1.5(–2.3) mm long, whereas C. sartwellii has smaller perigynia with beaks 0.4–1(–1.2) mm long. All distinguishing features are discussed and a key is provided. Immature vouchers for the occurrence of C. disticha in southwestern Quebec are confirmed on the basis of features of the inflorescence. The only other North American station of C. disticha, discovered in Simcoe Co., Ontario, in 1972 and extant in 1986, is also confirmed in the numerical analyses.


1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-950
Author(s):  
L. Margolis

Lampritrema nipponicum is recorded from three new hosts in the North Pacific: Brama rayi (Bloch), Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), and Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum). Only immature specimens were found in the last two (evidently accidental) hosts. Distomum miescheri Zschokke is transferred to Lampritrema, becoming Lampritrema miescheri (Zschokke) nov. comb. This species possibly is identical with L. nipponicum. Lampritrematidae is considered a valid family, distinct from Hemiuridae sensu lato.


1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fritz ◽  
Ellis L. Yochelson

In the North American Cordillera there is strong evidence that Salterella is restricted to the medial part of the Bonnia–Olenellus Zone. Reported younger and older occurrences are attributed to either stratigraphic error or misidentification. An unnamed genus with a superficial resemblance immediately postdates Salterella, but it lacks an inner laminar cone. In the Cordillera Salterella occurs in inner detrital and middle carbonate belt strata that were deposited in the upper half of Grand Cycle B and the lower half of Grand Cycle C.In and near the Appalachian Mountains of North America and in Greenland, Spitsbergen, and Scotland, occurrences of Salterella are consistent with a medial Bonnia–Olenellus Zone age; however, this cannot be as rigorously tested as in the Cordillera, because of fewer taxa associated with the genus and in super- and subjacent strata. Outer detrital (basinal) strata of the Taconic Allochthon contain Salterella, but it is uncertain whether the fossils are of local or derived origin.Speculations that Campitius titanius Firby and Durham of California belongs in the genus Salterella are doubtful, and C. titanius is clearly older. The relationship between Salterella and Volborthella and their relative ages within the Early Cambrian are still unclear.


1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
P.B. Copley ◽  
P.J. Alexander

The status of Yellow-footed Rock-wallabies (Petrogale xanthopus) and Black-footed Rock-wallabies (P. lateralis) in South Australia was assessed by comparing recent survey and census data with previously collated information about the distribution and relative abundance of each taxon. Petrogale xanthopus has maintained most of its known geographic range within the state; however, its relative abundance has declined significantly and 35 (or 15%) of a total of 229 recorded colonies have become extinct since European settlement. Eight of these colony extinctions have occurred over the past 25 years; three of them since 1981. As this species is continuing to decline it should be regarded as threatened within the state. Petrogale lateralis has at least two sub-species which occur in South Australia. Petrogale lateralis pearsoni is endemic to the state and occurs on offshore islands. Since 1960 its natural occurrence of about 3-500 individuals on North Pearson Island has been expanded to four other islands through translocations and the total population is now about 700-1100 animals. This subspecies, while not occurring in large numbers, is nonetheless relatively secure due to the additional populations established and the fact that these are on islands isolated from most mainland threats. The mainland subspecies, Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race, by comparison has suffered a drastic reduction in both geographic range and abundance to the point where it is South Australia’s most critically endangered vertebrate taxon. It has declined from being a very common species in the state’s far north- west to only two known, widely separated, colonies which total less than 100 animals between them. Management and research recommendations are provided.


Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2612 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. EBERT ◽  
WILLIAM T. WHITE ◽  
KENNETH J. GOLDMAN ◽  
LEONARD J. V. COMPAGNO ◽  
TOBY S. DALY–ENGEL ◽  
...  

A taxonomic re-evaluation of the status of the North Pacific Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1854) combining the use of meristic, morphological and molecular data reveal this species to be clearly distinct from the widespread Squalus acanthias (Linneaus, 1758). Differences in the external morphology between S. acanthias and S. suckleyi are subtle and are likely to be masked by intraspecific variation within individuals. However, we found S. suckleyi to differ from S. acanthias based on the following morphological and meristic characteristics: a short, broadly-rounded to acute snout; first dorsal-fin midpoint more posterior to pectoral-fin insertion; pelvic-fin origin closer to second dorsal fin than first dorsal fin; total vertebral counts average 99 (97–106). Molecular analysis of approximately 650 bp of the CO1 mitochondrial gene (DNA barcode region) showed separation of S. suckleyi and S. acanthias into two distinct genetic clades with 98% bootstrap support. Within species genetic diversities were 0.109±0.036% and 0.176±0.041% for S. suckleyi and S. acanthias respectively; between species diversity was 5– 6 fold greater at 0.765+0.307%. Squalus suckleyi is thus resurrected and a neotype for this endemic North Pacific Squalus species is designated.


1966 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh R. Wright

The Philippine claim to the territory of North Borneo, or as it is now called, Sabah, is not of recent origin. Rather it is based on an older claim to the area by the Sultans of Sulu. But the Sulu claim itself is suspect. A look at the background and an analysis of the status of North Borneo is therefore essential to understanding the nature of the dispute.In January 1878 Sultan Mohammed Jamalul Alam, granted a portion of North Borneo, which he claimed, to an international syndicate headed by Alfred Dent, a London businessman, and the Austrian Baron Gustav von Overbeck. A few weeks before this grant was made, in December 1877, the Sultan of Brunei had ceded North Borneo, including the whole of the area claimed by Sulu, to von Overbeck and Dent.


1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Hayes Fleming ◽  
Ralph L. Piedmont

A questionnaire survey was sent to 2,000 occupational therapists and certified occupational therapy assistants to gather data on perceptions of the state of the profession and its educational system. Eight hundred and eleven questionnaires were returned and analyzed with a Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance. The results of two sections of the questionnaire are presented here. These results suggest that, in general, therapists feel that the status of occupational therapy should be improved and that the education of occupational therapists should change. However, there are significant differences of opinion about what should be done to improve the status of the profession and what changes should be made in education. These differences are related to subgroups in the profession. This article presents an overview of some of the differences in perceptions of the profession and its educational system according to two variables—academic degree held and years in practice.


Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4543 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN R. DAVIS ◽  
TALIA BRAV-CUBITT ◽  
THOMAS R. BUCKLEY ◽  
RICHARD A. B. LESCHEN

Etheophanus Broun is considered a molytine based on the form of the pharyngeal plate, presence of a small spiculum relictum in the male, and presence of a pair of small internal apodemes on the antero-lateral corners of the 5th abdominal ventrite of the female. Examination of primary type specimens and newer material confirm one new species Etheophanus kuscheli sp. n. and two synonomies (Etheophanus nitidellus Broun, 1923 [= Etheophanus obscurus Broun, 1923] and Etheophanus striatus Broun, 1910 [=Etheophanus punctiventris Broun, 1914]). Generic and species diagnoses, a key to the species, and lectotype designations for three species are included. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on a combined analysis of the nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes confirmed the status of E. kuscheli and a species complex, the E. nitidellus/E. optandus clade distributed in the southern portion of the South Island. The relationship E. pinguis [northern North Island] (E. striatus [southern North Island, northern South Island] (E. kuscheli [northwestern South Island] (E. nitidellus, E. optandus [southwestern North Island]) corresponds to geographic patterns found in other beetle lineages. Etheophanus striatus is composed of three lineages, one widespread in the north and south islands and two allopatric populations in the northwest South Island. The E. nitidellus/E. optandus complex includes four distinct lineages, one restricted to Fiordland, the other three sympatric in the region affected by the Haast Corridor. 


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