Systematics of the New Zealand Weevil Etheophanus Broun (Curculionidae: Molytinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4543 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN R. DAVIS ◽  
TALIA BRAV-CUBITT ◽  
THOMAS R. BUCKLEY ◽  
RICHARD A. B. LESCHEN
Keyword(s):  
28S Rrna ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
One New Species

Etheophanus Broun is considered a molytine based on the form of the pharyngeal plate, presence of a small spiculum relictum in the male, and presence of a pair of small internal apodemes on the antero-lateral corners of the 5th abdominal ventrite of the female. Examination of primary type specimens and newer material confirm one new species Etheophanus kuscheli sp. n. and two synonomies (Etheophanus nitidellus Broun, 1923 [= Etheophanus obscurus Broun, 1923] and Etheophanus striatus Broun, 1910 [=Etheophanus punctiventris Broun, 1914]). Generic and species diagnoses, a key to the species, and lectotype designations for three species are included. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on a combined analysis of the nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes confirmed the status of E. kuscheli and a species complex, the E. nitidellus/E. optandus clade distributed in the southern portion of the South Island. The relationship E. pinguis [northern North Island] (E. striatus [southern North Island, northern South Island] (E. kuscheli [northwestern South Island] (E. nitidellus, E. optandus [southwestern North Island]) corresponds to geographic patterns found in other beetle lineages. Etheophanus striatus is composed of three lineages, one widespread in the north and south islands and two allopatric populations in the northwest South Island. The E. nitidellus/E. optandus complex includes four distinct lineages, one restricted to Fiordland, the other three sympatric in the region affected by the Haast Corridor. 

scholarly journals HOW TO SABOTAGE A SECRET SOCIETY: THE DEMISE OF CARL FRIEDRICH BAHRDT'S GERMAN UNION IN 1789

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-402
Author(s):  
ANDREW MCKENZIE-MCHARG
Keyword(s):  
Secret Society ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
State And Society ◽  
German Republic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn 1789 in Leipzig, a slim pamphlet of 128 pages appeared that sent shock waves through the German republic of letters. The pamphlet, bearing the title Mehr Noten als Text (More notes than text), was an ‘exposure’ whose most sensational element was a list naming numerous members of the North German intelligentsia as initiates of a secret society. This secret society, known as the German Union, aimed to push back against anti-Enlightenment tendencies most obviously manifest in the policies promulgated under the new Prussian king Frederick William II. The German Union was the brainchild of the notorious theologian Carl Friedrich Bahrdt (1741–92). But who was responsible for the ‘exposure’? Using material culled from several archives, this article pieces together for the first time the back story to Mehr Noten als Text and in doing so uncovers a surprisingly heterogeneous network of Freemasons, publishers, and state officials. The findings prompt us to reconsider general questions about the relationship of state and society in the late Enlightenment, the interplay of the public and the arcane spheres and the status of religious heterodoxy at this time.

scholarly journals The relationship between Le Van Duyet and Minh Mang in the first 30 years of the power concentration process in the Nguyen Dynasty

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Thuan Tran ◽  
Toan Phuc Vo
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Great Power ◽  
National Defense ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

Upon founding the dynasty, Gia Long upheld a politico-military on a vast territory with two administrative units of power ruling over the two areas now named the North and South of Vietnam respectively. Gia Dinh Citadel – the administrative unit ruling the South of Vietnam with a very important role in economy, national defense, and diplomacy – was headed by Le Van Duyet. In the first 30 years of the Nguyen Dynasty, along with the transfer of power from the Gia Long to the Minh Mang was the position assertion of Le Van Duyet in Gia Dinh Citadel, making him one of the most powerful figures. However, the transfer of the throne also marked the concentration of power into the hands of the central government ruled by the emperor; thus, leading to the elimination of administrative units upholding great power such as Gia Dinh Citadel. This process took place in a quite complex manner due to intrinsic problems revolving around the relationship between Minh Mang and Le Van Duyet – the relationship between a king and a high-ranking mandarin with great power. The paper describes the maneuver of political relations between the two characters in the 30 years of power concentration from a fresher point of view.

scholarly journals ORGANIZED ECOLABELLING: NORTH-SOUTH IMPLEMENTATION OF “KICKING AWAY THE LADDER” (CASE: PALM OIL TRADE BETWEEN INDONESIA AND EUROPE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanda Kartika Ayu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
Southern State ◽  
The North ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

Liberalization is one of the theis that is expected to be able to answer the acceleration and development of the economy of developing countries. One element of liberalization is market openness that will make developing countries unite with global markets both in accepting investments or trading in exports and imports. However, along with the development of technology, the demand for the North (developed countries) in carrying out its trade began to implement an "ecolabelling" policy. For developing countries with all their industrial capabilities, ecolabelling policy is the same as the non-tarrif limitation policy given by developed countries to developing countries. So that this paper will focus on the application of the ecolabelling policy provided by the North to products that will enter the northern market, as one of the efforts of the northern countries to apply "kicking away the ladder", assuming the Southern state does not get a balanced trade surplus with the north and continues to be a developing country. This writing will use a structuralist approach that concentrates on the international structure of the north and south to describe the relationship between developed and developing countries, and uses the concept of "kicking away the ladder" to answer the situation from the implementation of ecolabelling policies for South countries. The author uses qualitative studies using literature review sources through books, journals and online media. Keywords: Ecolabelling, Kicking away the ladder.  North-South relations

Structural geometry and kinematics of thrust belts between the Dabashan and eastern Sichuan Basin, South China block: Constraints from (U-Th)/He dating and seismic data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Lu ◽  
Chuanxin Li ◽  
Wenzheng Li ◽  
Shang Deng ◽  
Jianyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The North ◽  
Thrust Belts ◽  
Eastern Sichuan Basin ◽  
Eastern Sichuan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South ◽  
Geometry And Kinematics

The relationship between the North and South China blocks, particularly their spatial-temporal framework and evolutionary history, has been widely debated. We conducted a comprehensive study of the structural geometry and kinematics of the thrust belts in the intersection zone between the Dabashan and eastern Sichuan Basin based on seismic data, drilling data, field investigation data, and zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology data. These data sets provide important insights into the relationship between the North and South China blocks during the post-orogenic process. Due to the detachments, the strata of the eastern Sichuan Basin can be divided into four structural intervals characterized by duplex structures and fault-related fold structures. Balanced restoration indicates the vertical differences are represented by the shortening ratio of the upper structural interval of ∼6%, that of the middle ∼10%, and that of the lower ∼7%. Besides, the shortening ratios indicate an increasing tendency of the deformation intensity from the west to the east. The (U-Th)/He dating results suggest two age ranges, i.e., from 180 Ma to 130 Ma and from 50 Ma to 20 Ma, respectively. These age data sets also imply a younger tendency westward. The intersection zone may have experienced the following stages since the late Mesozoic era: (1) the stable continental sedimentation stage from the Late Triassic to the Late Jurassic epochs; (2) the continuous thrust stage from the Late Jurassic to the early Paleogene epochs, which is associated with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean; and (3) the uplift and denudation stage as a whole caused by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since the Paleogene period.

Buddhism in the history of China in Southern and Northern kingdoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Leonid Yangutov ◽  
Marina Orbodoeva
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Jin ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development ◽  
North And South

The article is devoted to the history of Buddhism in China during the period of the Southern and Northern Kingdoms (Nanbeichao, 386-589). The features of the development of Buddhism in the North and South are shown. Three aspects were identified: 1) the attitude of emperors of kingdoms to Buddhism; 2) the relationship of the state apparatus and the Buddhist sangha; 3) the process of further development of Buddhism in China in the context of its adaptation to the Chinese mentality, formed on the basis of the traditional worldview. It was revealed that Buddhism in the context of its adaptation to the Chinese mentality, both in the North and in the South, developed with the traditions of Buddhism of the Eastern Jin period to the same extent.

Conquering and Ruling Premodern Afghanistan

Afghanistan ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barfield
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

This chapter examines Afghanistan's premodern patterns of political authority and the groups that wielded it. During this period nation-states did not exist and regions found themselves as parts of various empires. During its premodern history, the territory of today's Afghanistan was conquered and ruled by foreign invaders. Located on a fracture zone linking Iran in the west, central Asia in the north, and south Asia in the east, it was the route of choice for armies moving across the Hindu Kush (or south of it) toward the plains of India. For the same reason, empires based in India saw the domination of this region as their first line of defense. This chapter focuses on how (and what kinds of) territory was conquered, how conquerors legitimated their rule, and the relationship of such states with peoples at their margins.

Stockholm Agreement—Past, Present, Future (Part 1)

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 137-158
Author(s):  
Dracos Vassalos ◽  
Apostolos Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
New Developments ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The University ◽  
North And South ◽  
South Of Europe

April 1, 2001 marked the fourth anniversary of the Stockholm Agreement (SA), a period during which almost 80% of the roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) fleet in North West Europe have been subjected to calculations, model testing and numerical simulations in the struggle to meet these demanding new requirements. The experience gained has been invaluable in understanding better the problem at hand and is being utilized to shape new developments likely to lead to more meaningful requirements. The North-South divide, however, continues to cause unrest, particularly at the European level. Efforts to assess the status quo in North West Europe, and to use the information amassed so far as a means to predict the potential impact of introducing the SA in the South, led to a dedicated call by the Commission and to a contract being awarded to two closely collaborating teams, one at the Ship Stability Research Centre of the University of Strathclyde under the leadership of Professor Vassalos and one at the Ship Design Laboratory of the National Technical University of Athens, under the leadership of Professor Papanikolaou, representing the North and South of Europe, respectively. This background provided the incentive for an introspective look at the SA, with a view to ascertaining its status before embarking into future projections. This forms Part 1 of the SA related research with Part 2 aiming to cover the results of the Commission study itself.

The separation of Carex disticha and Carex sartwellii and the status of Carex disticha in North America

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2323-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Catling ◽  
A. A. Reznicek ◽  
B. S. Brookes
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Scatter Diagram ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status ◽  
Beak Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distinguishing Features

To clarify the relationship between the Eurasian Carex disticha and the North American Carex sartwellii, 38 morphological characters were measured in 30 specimens of each. Various qualitative features were also scored. Through analysis of variance (ANOVA), a reduced number of 10 important continuous characters was obtained and the sample of each taxon was increased to 50. ANOVA of these 10 characters revealed that perigynium length and perigynium beak length were the most important discriminating characters, but in a scatter diagram of these two, 15% of the sample occupied a region of overlap. Principal-component analysis and discriminant analysis using the 10 characters resulted in a separation of the two groups, but a small region of overlap existed in both cases. The two taxa are distinct by virtue of accumulation of small morphological and other differences in a number of characters, rather than by sharp differentiation in a few characters. Carex disticha has larger perigynia with beaks (0.8–)1–1.5(–2.3) mm long, whereas C. sartwellii has smaller perigynia with beaks 0.4–1(–1.2) mm long. All distinguishing features are discussed and a key is provided. Immature vouchers for the occurrence of C. disticha in southwestern Quebec are confirmed on the basis of features of the inflorescence. The only other North American station of C. disticha, discovered in Simcoe Co., Ontario, in 1972 and extant in 1986, is also confirmed in the numerical analyses.

To the Richest Go the Spoils? Immigration, Development, and the North-South Divide, 1970–2005

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global South ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The North ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Global North ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

This paper empirically assesses, for the first time, the relationship between immigration and national economic development in both the global North and the global South. A series of panel models demonstrate that immigration exacerbates North-South inequalities through differential effects on average per capita incomes in the global North and global South. Immigration has positive effects on average incomes in both the North and the South, but the effect is larger in the global North. Thus the relationship between immigration and development evinces a Matthew Effect at the world level: by contributing to differential levels of economic development in the North and South, immigration widens international inequalities in the long term, resulting in the accumulation of advantage in the North. The implications of the results are discussed in the context theory and policy on the migration-development nexus.

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