scholarly journals 99Increasing prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis in Victoria, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine French ◽  
Ingrid van der Mei ◽  
Steve Simpson-Yap ◽  
Justin Ng ◽  
Peter Angus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Antimitochondrial Antibody ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
The World

Abstract Background The prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) reported in different countries varies significantly and in some parts of the world appears to be increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the 2013 prevalence of PBC in Victoria, Australia, and to determine the time trend by comparing it with previous studies undertaken in 1991 and 2002. Methods Four case-finding methods were used to identify cases of PBC in Victoria: (1) physicians’ survey; (2) tertiary hospital search; (3) liver transplant database search; and (4) private pathology antimitochondrial antibody search. Results The prevalence of PBC in Victoria, Australia, is 189.0 per million using all four methods. The average annual increase in prevalence from 1991 to 2013 was 7.7 per million per year. Using the same case-finding methods as the 1991 Victorian prevalence study (methods 1 and 2), the prevalence of PBC increased from 19.1 per million in 1991 to 49.4 per million in 2002 (P < 0.001) and to 80.7 per million in 2013 (P < 0.001). Conclusions The current prevalence of PBC in Victoria is significantly higher than previously reported. The use of private pathology-based case-finding methods is important in identifying the maximum number of PBC cases. Key messages PBC prevalence in Victoria increased significantly since previous surveys, to 189 per million persons. Including pathology-based case ascertainment yields improved identification of cases.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of primary biliary cholangitis and its factors: An updated systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wu ◽  
Rui Jin ◽  
Xiao-Xiao Wang ◽  
Han-Ji Jiang ◽  
Bi-Fen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Global Prevalence ◽  
Antimitochondrial Antibody ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Background To understand the latest data on the prevalence and incidence rates for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and its factors, we systematically reviewed recent studies on epidemiology of PBC.Methods Case-finding and general population-based studies reporting prevalence and/or incidence rates for PBC were systematically identified by searching electronic databases combined with manual searching.Results A total of 37,452 PBC patients from 22 studies based on cases and 6 based on general population were included, which covered over 112.62 million inhabitants and 107,490 individuals undergoing health check-ups. As for case-finding studies, global prevalence and incidence rates for PBC ranged from 2.6 to 58.2 per 100,000 inhabitants and 0.8 to 5.3 per 100,000 inhabitants/year during the past decade, in which the variable data are associated with gender, age, race and region. Of the individuals undergoing health check-ups, 1,034 were positive for type M2 antimitochondrial antibody (AMA-M2) and 150 were diagnosed as PBC, and prevalence rates of positive AMA-M2 and PBC ranged from 430.7 to 1,456.9 and 49.2 to 276.6 per 100,000 individuals. The prevalence ratios of male/female were 1:2.2 and 1:4.1 in individuals with positive AMA-M2 and in PBC patients.Conclusions Global prevalence and incidence rates for PBC vary widely, which were significantly affected by gender, age, race and region. Studies based on general population showed a much higher prevalence of PBC and AMA-M2, and the association of gender with AMA-M2 may be far less than that with PBC in real world.

The Association of Two Rare Diseases is Not Rare: Primary Immunodeficiencies and Autoimmune Liver Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şefika Nur Ayar ◽  
Elif Soyak ◽  
Cem Şimşek ◽  
Deniz Çağdaş ◽  
Yasemin Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Iga Deficiency ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Autoimmune Liver Diseases ◽  
Igm Deficiency

Abstract Purpose: PIDs associates with autoimmune diseases include autoimmune liver diseases (AILD); however, the frequency of PIDs among patients with AILD is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the strength of the association between AILD and PIDs. Methods: We conducted this single-center, cross-sectional, and descriptive study in a tertiary hospital. We evaluated eighty-two patients with AILD (39 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 32 with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), seven with variant syndromes (VS), and four with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) for the presence of PIDs. We obtained a detailed history of infections, comorbidities, family history, and laboratory data from the files. All patients were evaluated in the immunology department for further examination, and PID diagnoses were made according to ESID (The European Society for Immunodeficiencies) criteria. Results: Out of 82 patients with AILD, PIDs were diagnosed in 18% (15 patients); there were four patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), four with partial IgA deficiency (PIgAD), four with selective IgM deficiency (SIgMD), and three with combined immunodeficiency (CID). PIDs were present in 29% of patients with VS, 25 % of patients with PSC, 23% of patients with AIH, and 9% of patients with PBC. Conclusion: Although PIDs are rare diseases in the general population, they have a strong association with AILD and were detected in one-fifth of the patients. Further research with larger patient groups is needed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic impacts of PIDs on AILD.

scholarly journals Urtica dioica (Stinging Nettle) – Properties, Uses and Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Anjali, Sushma ◽  
Reena Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Utricaceae is a family of herbs and shrubs that can be found in a variety of habitats around the world. A lot of research has been carried out till date targeted for close understanding of this medicinal plant. The botanical distribution, Ethnomedicinal applications, Traditional uses as well as Pharmacological properties of the Urtica genus, are discussed in this study. The composition such as flavonoids and array of phenolic compounds which includes alcohols, Diocanol, Diol glucosides, Terpenes diols, and sugars as well are an inclusion in the genus Urtica. A wide range of research reports have been published representing its biological and pharmacological potential against cancer, tumors, bacterial, viral or fungal infections significantly. The information about the Urtica genus has been extracted using electronic database search such as Google Scholar and Pubmed as well as a library search for peer-reviewed journal publications.

scholarly journals The first patient with COVID-19: Notes from the Trenches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritin Mohindra ◽  
Parul Kalia ◽  
Sanjana Kathiravan ◽  
Shubh mohan singh
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
North India ◽  
The World

COVID-19 is a rapidly evolving situation and presently India has amongst the highest numbers of patients in the world. However, in the initial parts of the pandemic, the reaction of patients and clinicians to COVID-19 was one that was informed by being faced with a totally novel situation. This paper describes the personal experience of the first patient with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary hospital in North India and the treating doctors. Implications of the experiences are discussed.

scholarly journals Economy of the mexican agriculture sector in times of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rivas-Valencia ◽  
Leonardo Ángel Rosales-Rivas ◽  
Graciela Dolores Ávila-Quezada ◽  
Talina Olivia Martínez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
New Production ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
International Policies ◽  
The World

<p>COVID-19, a pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, changed the production schemes and supply chains in all spheres of the world’s economy. The agricultural sector in Mexico was no exception, although it has been so essential during the pandemic that its growth was higher than the other sectors of the Mexican economy and it stood out as a food supplier in the world in 2020. Farmers’ vocations and the integration of productive food chains led to a surplus of 1.2 billion dollars, with an annual increase of 39.92%. The pandemic is a challenge and an opportunity for the Mexican countryside in terms of digital and technological innovation derived from border investigation. However, it is crucial to establish public agricultural planning policies to help optimize this area of opportunity by focusing on new production and national and international trade models, responding efficiently to national visions to benefit  producers-consumers and guaranteeing food security in the framework of the UN’s international policies for sustainable development, the IPCC’s reduction of climate impact and ensuring human health by the WHO.</p>

scholarly journals Hunger strikes in prisons: a narrative systematic review of ethical considerations from a physician’s perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Gulati ◽  
B. D. Kelly ◽  
D. Meagher ◽  
H. Kennedy ◽  
C. P. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Database Search ◽  
World Medical Association ◽  
Hunger Strike ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Dual Loyalty ◽  
The World ◽  
Physician’S Perspective

ObjectivesWe sought to identify and review published studies that discuss the ethical considerations, from a physician’s perspective, of managing a hunger strike in a prison setting.MethodsA database search was conducted to identify relevant publications. We included case studies, case series, guidelines and review articles published over a 20-year period. Non-English language publications were translated.ResultsThe review found 23 papers from 12 jurisdictions published in five languages suitable for inclusion.ConclusionsKey themes from included publications are identified and summarised in the context of accepted guidelines from the World Medical Association. Whilst there seems to be an overall consensus favouring autonomy over beneficence, tensions along this fine balance are magnified in jurisdictions where legislation leads to a dual loyalty conflict for the physician.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-661
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
International Bank ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development announced on June 17, 1960, a twenty-year term loan of $15.5 million, bearing 6 percent interest per annum, with amortization beginning in 1963, to the Republic of the Sudan, to finance most of the remaining foreign exchange costs of the Managil Irrigation Scheme, local currency requirements to be provided by the government of the Sudan. The project was an extension of, and patterned on, the Gezira Scheme, one of the most successful irrigation projects in the world, and a 10 percent annual increase in the value of Sudan's agricultural output was expected to result from its development. Three United States banks participated in the loan.

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