scholarly journals Clinical Outcomes in 55 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Who Were Asymptomatic at Hospital Admission in Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (11) ◽  
pp. 1770-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Yingxia Liu ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xianfeng Wang ◽  
Nijuan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Young People ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract An epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, since December 2019. There are few reports about asymptomatic contacts of infected patients identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 through screening. We studied the epidemiological and clinical outcomes in 55 asymptomatic carriers who were laboratory confirmed to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 through nucleic acid testing of pharyngeal swab samples. The asymptomatic carriers seldom occurred among young people (aged 18–29 years) who had close contact with infected family members. In the majority of patients, the outcome was mild or ordinary 2019 novel coronavirus disease during hospitalization.

scholarly journals A considerable proportion of individuals with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in Tibetan population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Song ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Jiajun Qiu ◽  
Jin Yin ◽  
Huazhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Tibetan Population ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) quickly became a major epidemic threat in the whole China. We analysed SARS-Cov-2 infected cases from Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and noted divergent characteristics of these Tibetans infected cases compared to Han Chinese, characterizing by a considerable proportion of asymptomatic carriers (21.7%), and few symptomatic patients with initial symptom of fever (7.7%). Here, we did a descriptive study on clinical characteristics of 18 asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The median age of these asymptomatic carriers was 31 years and one third of them were students, aged under 20 years. Notably, some of asymptomatic carriers had recognizable changes in radiological and laboratory indexes. Our finding indicates a potentially big number of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic carriers in prevalent area, highlighting a necessity of screening individuals with close contact of infected patients, for a better control on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Effect of large-scale testing platform in prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic: an empirical study with a novel numerical model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xie qing ◽  
wang jing ◽  
you jianling ◽  
zhu shida ◽  
zhou rui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Differential Model ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

A large-scale (>20,000 tests per day) standardized and fully-automated laboratory (Huo-Yan) was built as an ad-hoc measure to meet the requirement of virus detection after the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China. We integrated the brief data from Health Commission of Hubei Province and the real-world operation data of Huo-Yan laboratory, into a novel differential model with non-linear transfer coefficients and competitive compartments, to evaluate the trend of suspected cases under different nucleic acid testing capacities, including suspected cases with/without coronavirus infection, to evaluate the achievement of “daily settlement” condition of suspected cases and the control of the epidemic under different nucleic acid testing capacities.

scholarly journals Postpandemic Testing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the Huanan Seafood Market Area in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Li ◽  
Chengbi Wu ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing

Abstract Seventy-six days after the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic was contained in Wuhan, the Chinese government carried out a citywide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid testing initiative for all residents from 14 May to 1 June 2020. Our hospital tested 107 662 residents around Huanan seafood market, uncovering a positivity rate of 0.006%.

COVID-19 vaccination for patients with primary immunodeficiency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaim M Roifman ◽  
Linda Vong
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Spread Of Infection

The worldwide tally of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, causing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), currently approaches 149.7 million (as of April 30, 2021). Canada’s cases amount to 1,211,083 confirmed infections and 24,169 deaths. In the midst of the pandemic and a third wave of infections, programs aimed at widespread vaccination against COVID-19 remain an essential stop-gap to slow the spread of infection and help achieve protective herd immunity. Patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) have impaired immune responses and may be at greater risk of severe illness due to COVID-19, thus, are strongly recommended to avoid interactions with those outside of their immediate household “bubble”, practice hand hygiene, and wear masks when spending time outside or in enclosed spaces where close contact with other people cannot be avoided. With the ongoing rollout of COVID-19 vaccinations, we provide here recommendations for patients with PID. It is important to note that individuals who are immunocompromised should always consult their immunologist for additional considerations/contraindications when reviewing their suitability for vaccination.

scholarly journals Effects of home quarantine for COVID-19 community control in Shenzhen, China, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Qian Xu ◽  
Jing-Zhong Wang ◽  
Hai-Rui Wang ◽  
Jian-Fan He ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Community Control ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
The Third

Abstract Background: Shenzhen implement classification management to prevent and control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions), but without symptoms were instructed to take home quarantine for 14 days and nucleic acid testing (NAT) for SARS-CoV-2. We described the infection status of the home-quarantined individuals, and effects of community control strategies in the three incubations after Wuhan closure in Shenzhen.Methods: This was a descriptive research, the sample size was 2,004 individuals based on multistage sampling during the pre-investigation. And the formal investigation expanded the sample size to 57,012 individuals based on pre-investigation. A single throat swab was collected from each individual for nucleic acid testing (NAT) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NAT was performed by a third-party institution. We collected information related to demographics, disease history, travel history, and personal protective measures before home quarantine, and monitored close-contact histories using the We Chat questionnaire.Results: The total infection rate of home-quarantined individuals was 0.12‰ (95% CI: 0.05‰–0.24‰) out of the total sample size of 59,016. The detection period for seven confirmed cases was primarily concentrated between February 8 and 18, 2020, which was during the second incubation period after Wuhan's closure. The home quarantined individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions) were considered the high risk population during the first two incubations after Wuhan’s closure. No positive cases were detected from February 25 to March 5(the third incubation after Wuhan’s closure). The number of newly-confirmed cases per day was 0 for eight consecutive days from February 22 to 29 in Shenzhen.Conclusions: The community control strategies for home-quarantined individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions), but without symptoms to take the NAT in the first two incubations is effective to control COVID-19. But it is not advocating for home-quarantined person to take the NAT since the third incubation.

scholarly journals Potential False-Negative Nucleic Acid Testing Results for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Thermal Inactivation of Samples with Low Viral Loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Pan ◽  
Luyao Long ◽  
Daitao Zhang ◽  
Tingting Yuan ◽  
Shujuan Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Viral Loads

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world since the end of 2019. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has played an important role in patient diagnosis and management of COVID-19. In some circumstances, thermal inactivation at 56°C has been recommended to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before NAT. However, this procedure could theoretically disrupt nucleic acid integrity of this single-stranded RNA virus and cause false negatives in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. Methods We investigated whether thermal inactivation could affect the results of viral NAT. We examined the effects of thermal inactivation on the quantitative RT-PCR results of SARS-CoV-2, particularly with regard to the rates of false-negative results for specimens carrying low viral loads. We additionally investigated the effects of different specimen types, sample preservation times, and a chemical inactivation approach on NAT. Results Our study showed increased Ct values in specimens from diagnosed COVID-19 patients in RT-PCR tests after thermal incubation. Moreover, about half of the weak-positive samples (7 of 15 samples, 46.7%) were RT-PCR negative after heat inactivation in at least one parallel testing. The use of guanidinium-based lysis for preservation of these specimens had a smaller impact on RT-PCR results with fewer false negatives (2 of 15 samples, 13.3%) and significantly less increase in Ct values than heat inactivation. Conclusion Thermal inactivation adversely affected the efficiency of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Given the limited applicability associated with chemical inactivators, other approaches to ensure the overall protection of laboratory personnel need consideration.

scholarly journals Clinical presentation and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Avni Solgun ◽  
Isıl Yurdaısık
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Ct Features

Abstract Background The aim of this study includes to discuss the clinical, laboratory, and chest computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. Material and Methods The clinical, laboratory, and chest CT features of 17 pediatric inpatients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by pharyngeal swab COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction(PCR). All clinical and laboratory data have been recorded and analyzed during march-february 2021. Chest CT have been performed to all Covid 19 PCR confirmed patients and radiologicall view have been noted. Results Seventeen pediatric patients with a history of close contact with COVID-19 diagnosed family members included to the study. Fever (10/17, 58%) and cough (13/17, 76%) were the most common symptoms. For laboratory findings, c reactive protein elevation (15/17, 88%) seem to be the most finding. A total of 4 patients presented with unilateral pulmonary lesions (4/17, 23%), 9 with bilateral pulmonary lesions (9/17, 52%) and 13 cases showed bilateral diffuse covid pattern on chest CT (13/17, 76%). Non-spesific consolidation with was observed in 8 patients (8/17, 47%), ground‐glass opacities were observed in 11 patients (11/17, 64%), nodules were observed in 7 patients (7/17, 41%), and tiny nodules were observed in 2 patients (2/17, 11%). Conclusion In pediatric patients with positive COVID-19 nucleic acid test from pharyngeal swab samples; the early detection of lesions by CT can be efficient; in management and early treatment for pediatric patients. However; early chest CT screening and COVİD-19 PCR testing together can be more efficent in diagnose.

scholarly journals Optimized Laboratory Detection Strategy for COVID-19 Patients Reduces the Rate of Missed Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjiao Chang ◽  
Yuru Shi ◽  
Yingjie Qi ◽  
Jiaxing Liu ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
Detection Strategy ◽  
Negative Rate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is an emerging, highly contagious community acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by severe acute SARS-CoV-2. Nucleic acid test currently played a crucial role in diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 patients. However, a high false-negative rate of this “gold standard” test has been reported and posed a major setback in blocking the spread of the virus. We here aim to describe an optimized laboratory detection strategy to reduce the false negative rate. Methods: Suspected NCP patients were asked to collect both coughed up specimen and pharyngeal swab. Samples from the same patient were mixed and tested at a single pool. SARS-CoV-2 was then detected by real-time RT-PCR using two different detection kits. Only if both results were negative was the test reported as negative. The patients will be excluded after two consecutive negative tests at 24 hour intervals. We also used multiplex PCR to detect 13 common respiratory tract pathogens (RTP). Results: Using this strategy, we confirmed 85 SARS-CoV-2 infections from 181 suspected patients, and 94.12% of patients were positive in the first test. The 96 excluded patients were followed up, and no additional NCP was found. We also found that 31.25% patients in 96 non-NCP patients were infected with at least one RTP that may cause CAP. Conclusion: Our studies suggest that dual reagents screening with pooled coughed up specimen and pharyngeal swab samples reduced the false negative rate of nucleic acid testing. During the epidemic of NCP in Anhui province, there was a certain proportion of infection and co-infection of other common pathogens of CAP. In comparison with SARS-CoV-2 detection alone, combining multiple pathogen detection reduces the rate of miss diagnosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of patients with residual SARS-Cov-2 in Linyi, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Pan ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Rensheng Peng ◽  
Mingshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
First Time

AbstractPatients with 2019 novel Coronavirus infection are probably show positive testing results again. In order to better treat these patients and provide basis for further control measures, we analyze the epidemiological outcomes and clinical features of patients with residual Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) in Linyi city. From January 23 to March 31 in 2020, epidemiological and clinical information of confirmed patients are collected for analysis. Stool and pharyngeal swab samples are collected for RT-PCR testing. 64 confirmed patients are included and 17 patients present re-positive testing after discharge. For these 17 patients, 70.59% are family aggregated, the interval between first time of negative testing and first time of re-positive testing is 11.82±3.42 days. There is no difference between patients with continued negative testing results and re-positive testing. After discharge, the interval between first time of negative testing and first time of re-positive testing is associated with severity of disease (p=0.013). Besides, the duration from first time to last time of re-positive testing is associated with exposure or contact history (p=0.049) and severity of disease (p=0.001). The analysis reveals epidemiological characteristics of patients with residual SARS-Cov-2 and provide basis for further control measures.

scholarly journals A case of 2019 novel coronavirus infected pneumonia with twice negative 2019-nCoV nucleic acid testing within 8 days

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Rui Ruan ◽  
Peng Gong ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Min-Qiang Huang ◽  
Ming Han
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Novel Coronavirus
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