scholarly journals The Impact of Clinical, Demographic and Risk Factors on Rates of HIV Transmission: A Population-based Phylogenetic Analysis in British Columbia, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Art F. Y. Poon ◽  
Jeffrey B. Joy ◽  
Conan K. Woods ◽  
Susan Shurgold ◽  
Guillaume Colley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia, Canada between 2001 and 2013: a longitudinal population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e048744
Author(s):  
Andreea Bratu ◽  
Taylor McLinden ◽  
Katherine Kooij ◽  
Monica Ye ◽  
Jenny Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) are increasingly at risk of age-related comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). While DM is associated with elevated mortality and morbidity, understanding of DM among PLHIV is limited. We assessed the incidence of DM among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia (BC), Canada, during 2001–2013.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from a population-based cohort study linking clinical data and administrative health data. We included PLHIV who were antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve at baseline, and 1:5 age-sex-matched persons without HIV. All participants had ≥5 years of historic data pre-baseline and ≥1 year(s) of follow-up. DM was identified using the BC Ministry of Health’s definitions applied to hospitalisation, physician billing and drug dispensation datasets. Incident DM was identified using a 5-year run-in period. In addition to unadjusted incidence rates (IRs), we estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) using Poisson regression and assessed annual trends in DM IRs per 1000 person years (PYs) between 2001 and 2013.ResultsA total of 129 PLHIV and 636 individuals without HIV developed DM over 17 529 PYs and 88,672 PYs, respectively. The unadjusted IRs of DM per 1000 PYs were 7.4 (95% CI 6.2 to 8.8) among PLHIV and 7.2 (95% CI 6.6 to 7.8) for individuals without HIV. After adjustment for confounding, HIV serostatus was not associated with DM incidence (adjusted IRR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.27). DM incidence did not increase over time among PLHIV (Kendall trend test: p=0.9369), but it increased among persons without HIV between 2001 and 2013 (p=0.0136).ConclusionsAfter adjustment, HIV serostatus was not associated with incidence of DM, between 2001 and 2013. Future studies should investigate the impact of ART on mitigating the potential risk of DM among PLHIV.

scholarly journals Evaluation of community coalition training effects on youth hospital-admitted injury incidence in Victoria, Australia: 2001–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Berecki-Gisolf ◽  
Bosco Rowland ◽  
Nicola Reavley ◽  
Barbara Minuzzo ◽  
John Toumbourou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundInjuries are one of the three leading causes of morbidity and mortality for young people internationally. Although community risk factors are modifiable causes of youth injury, there has been limited evaluation of community interventions. Communities That Care (CTC) offers a coalition training process to increase evidence-based practices that reduce youth injury risk factors.MethodUsing a non-experimental design, this study made use of population-based hospital admissions data to evaluate the impact on injuries for 15 communities that implemented CTC between 2001 and 2017 in Victoria, Australia. Negative binomial regression models evaluated trends in injury admissions (all, unintentional and transport), comparing CTC and non-CTC communities across different age groups.ResultsStatistically significant relative reductions in all hospital injury admissions in 0–4 year olds were associated with communities completing the CTC process and in 0–19 year olds when communities began their second cycle of CTC. When analysed by subgroup, a similar pattern was observed with unintentional injuries but not with transport injuries.ConclusionThe findings support CTC coalition training as an intervention strategy for preventing youth hospital injury admissions. However, future studies should consider stronger research designs, confirm findings in different community contexts, use other data sources and evaluate intervention mechanisms.

scholarly journals Apgar Score Is Related to Development of Atopic Dermatitis: Cotwin Control Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vibeke Naeser ◽  
Niklas Kahr ◽  
Lone Graff Stensballe ◽  
Kirsten Ohm Kyvik ◽  
Axel Skytthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Birth Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Danish Twin

Aim. To study the impact of birth characteristics on the risk of atopic dermatitis in a twin population. Methods. In a population-based questionnaire study of 10,809 twins, 3–9 years of age, from the Danish Twin Registry, we identified 907 twin pairs discordant for parent-reported atopic dermatitis. We cross-linked with data from the Danish National Birth Registry and performed cotwin control analysis in order to test the impact of birth characteristics on the risk of atopic dermatitis. Results. Apgar score, OR (per unit) = 1.23 (1.06–1.44), P=0.008, and female sex, OR = 1.31 (1.06–1.61), P=0.012, were risk factors for atopic dermatitis in cotwin control analysis, whereas birth anthropometric factors were not significantly related to disease development. Risk estimates in monozygotic and dizygotic twins were not significantly different for the identified risk factors. Conclusions. In this population-based cotwin control study, high Apgar score was a risk factor for atopic dermatitis. This novel finding must be confirmed in subsequent studies.

scholarly journals Endogenous sex hormone levels in men are not associated with risk of venous thromboembolism: the Tromsø study

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Svartberg ◽  
Sigrid K Brækkan ◽  
Gail A Laughlin ◽  
John-Bjarne Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesLow testosterone levels in men have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis and lately also an increased risk of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. As arterial CVDs and venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been shown to share common risk factors, the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of endogenous sex hormone levels on the incidence of VTE in a cohort of men.DesignA prospective, population-based study.MethodsSex hormone measurements were available in 1350 men, aged 50–84, participating in the Tromsø study in 1994–1995. First, lifetime VTE-events during the follow-up were registered up to September 1 2007.ResultsThere were 63 incident VTE-events (4.5 per 1000 person-years) during a mean of 10.4 years of follow-up. Age was significantly associated with increased risk of VTE; men 70 years or older had a 2.5-fold higher risk of VTE (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.19–5.12), compared with those between 50 and 60 years of age. In age-adjusted analyses, endogenous sex hormones levels were not associated with risk of VTE; for each s.d. increase, hazards ratios (95% CI) were 1.06 (0.83–1.35) for total testosterone, 1.02 (0.79–1.33) for free testosterone, and 1.27 (0.94–1.71) for ln-estradiol. In dichotomized analyses comparing men in the lowest total and free testosterone quartile with men in the higher quartiles, hypoandrogenemia was not associated with risk of VTE.ConclusionsIn this population-based study of middle-aged and older men, endogenous sex hormone levels were not associated with 10-year risk of VTE.

scholarly journals The impact of risk factor trends on intracerebral hemorrhage incidence over the last two decades—The Tromsø Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carlsson ◽  
Tom Wilsgaard ◽  
Stein Harald Johnsen ◽  
Liv-Hege Johnsen ◽  
Maja-Lisa Løchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhages ◽  
The Impact

Background Studies on the relationship between temporal trends in risk factors and incidence rates of intracerebral hemorrhage are scarce. Aims To analyze temporal trends in risk factors and incidence rates of intracerebral hemorrhage using individual data from a population-based study. Methods We included 28,167 participants of the Tromsø Study enrolled between 1994 and 2008. First-ever intracerebral hemorrhages were registered through 31 December 2013. Hazard ratios (HRs) for intracerebral hemorrhage were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models, risk factor levels over time by generalized estimating equations, and incidence rate ratios (IRR) by Poisson regression. Results We registered 219 intracerebral hemorrhages. Age, male sex, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and hypertension were associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. Hypertension was more strongly associated with non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (HR 5.08, 95% CI 2.86–9.01) than lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.12–3.25). In women, incidence decreased significantly (IRR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.90), driven by a decrease in non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Incidence rates in men remained stable (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 0.69–2.31). BP levels were lower and decreased more steeply in women than in men. The majority with hypertension were untreated, and a high proportion of those treated did not reach treatment goals. Conclusions We observed a significant decrease in intracerebral hemorrhage incidence in women, but not in men. A steeper BP decrease in women may have contributed to the diverging trends. The high proportion of untreated and sub-optimally treated hypertension calls for improved strategies for prevention of intracerebral hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Sex differences in incidence and mortality of bloodstream infections. Results from the population-based HUNT study in Norway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Marie Mohus ◽  
Lise T. Gustad ◽  
Anne Sofie Furberg ◽  
Martine Kjølberg Moen ◽  
Kristin Vardheim Liyanarachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of sex on risk of bloodstream infections (BSI) and BSI mortality and to assess to what extent known risk factors for BSI mediate this association in the general population.ParticipantsThe prospective, population-based HUNT2 Survey (1995-97) in Norway invited 93,898 inhabitants ≥20 years in the Nord-Trøndelag region, whereof 65,237 (69.5%) participated. 46.8% of the participants were men.ExposuresSex and potential mediators between sex and BSI; health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption), education attainment, cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, non-HDL cholesterol, body mass index) and previous or current comorbidities.Main outcome measuresSex differences in risk of first-time BSI, BSI mortality (death within first 30 days after a BSI), BSI caused by the most frequent bacteria, and the impact of known BSI risk factors as mediators.ResultsWe documented a first-time BSI for 1,840 (2.9%) participants (51.3% men) during a median follow-up of 14.8 years. Of these, 396 (0.6%) died (56.6% men). Men had 41% higher risk of any first-time BSI (95% confidence interval (CI), 28 to 54%) than women. An estimated 34% of the excess risk of BSI in men was mediated by known BSI risk factors. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI for BSI due to S. aureus was 2.09 (1.28 to 2.54), S. pneumoniae 1.36 (1.05 to 1.76), and E. coli 0.97 (0.84 to 1.13) in men vs women. BSI related mortality was higher in men compared to women with HR 1.87 (1.53 to 2.28).ConclusionsThis large population-based study show that men have higher risk of BSI than women. One-third of this effect was mediated by known risk factors for BSI. This raises important questions regarding sex specific approaches to reduce the burden of BSI.

Changes in Statin Utilization among US Adults with Diabetes: A Population-Based Analysis of NHANES 2011-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie D. Leino ◽  
Michael P. Dorsch ◽  
Corey A. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

<b>Objective:</b> The objective was to evaluate statin utilization in the United States before and after the 2015 ADA position statement, which expanded statin therapy recommendations to include all adults 40-75 years old with diabetes. <p><b>Research Design and Methods:</b> The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to obtain a representative sample. The difference-in-differences technique determined the impact of the recommendation on the proportion of people with diabetes for whom statin therapy was newly recommended. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Among people with diabetes, the change in statin utilization in people without ASCVD risk factors controlling for change among people with ASCVD/risk factors was 6.6% (p=0.388). In the adjusted analysis, overt ASCVD, age, Black race, health insurance, a place for routine care, and total cholesterol were significantly associated with statin utilization (p<0.05). </p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> The most recent change in statin recommendations had minimal impact on the proportion of patients receiving a statin. </p>

scholarly journals Community Level Disadvantage and the Likelihood of First Ischemic Stroke

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette Boden-Albala ◽  
Eric T. Roberts ◽  
Harmon Moats ◽  
Hiba Arif ◽  
Ralph L. Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Community Controls ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose. Residing in “disadvantaged” communities may increase morbidity and mortality independent of individual social resources and biological factors. This study evaluates the impact of population-level disadvantage on incident ischemic stroke likelihood in a multiethnic urban population. Methods. A population based case-control study was conducted in an ethnically diverse community of New York. First ischemic stroke cases and community controls were enrolled and a stroke risk assessment performed. Data regarding population level economic indicators for each census tract was assembled using geocoding. Census variables were also grouped together to define a broader measure of collective disadvantage. We evaluated the likelihood of stroke for population-level variables controlling for individual social (education, social isolation, and insurance) and vascular risk factors. Results. We age-, sex-, and race-ethnicity-matched 687 incident ischemic stroke cases to 1153 community controls. The mean age was 69 years: 60% women; 22% white, 28% black, and 50% Hispanic. After adjustment, the index of community level disadvantage (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.7–2.1) was associated with increased stroke likelihood overall and among all three race-ethnic groups. Conclusion. Social inequalities measured by census tract data including indices of community disadvantage confer a significant likelihood of ischemic stroke independent of conventional risk factors.

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