scholarly journals Impact of Zika Virus Emergence in French Guiana: A Large General Population Seroprevalence Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Flamand ◽  
Sarah Bailly ◽  
Camille Fritzell ◽  
Léna Berthelot ◽  
Jessica Vanhomwegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Recombinant Antigen ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Virus Emergence

Abstract Background Since the identification of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil in May 2015, the virus has spread throughout the Americas. However, ZIKV burden in the general population in affected countries remains unknown. Methods We conducted a general population survey in the different communities of French Guiana through individual interviews and serologic survey during June–October 2017. All serum samples were tested for anti-ZIKV immunoglobulin G antibodies using a recombinant antigen-based SGERPAxMap microsphere immunoassay, and some of them were further evaluated through anti-ZIKV microneutralization tests. Results The overall seroprevalence was estimated at 23.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.9%–25.9%) among 2697 participants, varying from 0% to 45.6% according to municipalities. ZIKV circulated in a large majority of French Guiana but not in the most isolated forest areas. The proportion of reported symptomatic Zika infection was estimated at 25.5% (95% CI, 20.3%–31.4%) in individuals who tested positive for ZIKV. Conclusions This study described a large-scale representative ZIKV seroprevalence study in South America from the recent 2015–2016 Zika epidemic. Our findings reveal that the majority of the population remains susceptible to ZIKV, which could potentially allow future reintroductions of the virus.

scholarly journals Low seroprevalence rates of Zika virus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Ching Sam ◽  
Magelda Montoya ◽  
Chong Long Chua ◽  
Yoke Fun Chan ◽  
Andrew Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is believed to be endemic in Southeast Asia. However, there have been few Zika cases reported to date in Malaysia, which could be due to high pre-existing levels of population immunity. Methods To determine Zika virus (ZIKV) seroprevalence in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1085 serum samples from 2012, 2014–2015 and 2017 were screened for anti-ZIKV antibodies using a ZIKV NS1 blockade-of-binding assay. Reactive samples were confirmed using neutralization assays against ZIKV and the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. A sample was possible ZIKV seropositive with a ZIKV 50% neutralization (NT50) titre ≥20. A sample was probable ZIKV seropositive if, in addition, all DENV NT50 titres were <20 or the ZIKV NT50 titre was >4-fold greater than the highest DENV NT50 titre. Results We found low rates of possible ZIKV seropositivity (3.3% [95% confidence interval {CI} 2.4 to 4.6]) and probable ZIKV seropositivity (0.6% [95% CI 0.3 to 1.4]). Possible ZIKV seropositivity was independently associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.06], p<0.0001) and male gender (OR 3.5 [95% CI 1.5 to 8.6], p=0.005). Conclusions The low ZIKV seroprevalence rate, a proxy for population immunity, does not explain the low incidence of Zika in dengue-hyperendemic Kuala Lumpur. Other factors, such as the possible protective effects of pre-existing flavivirus antibodies or reduced transmission by local mosquito vectors, should be explored. Kuala Lumpur is at high risk of a large-scale Zika epidemic.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive versus Invasive Samples for Zika Virus Surveillance: A Comparative Study in New Caledonia and French Guiana in 2015–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Marie-Alice Fraiture ◽  
Wim Coucke ◽  
Morgane Pol ◽  
Dominique Rousset ◽  
Ann-Claire Gourinat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Non Invasive

Zika virus, an arbovirus responsible for major outbreaks, can cause serious health issues, such as neurological diseases. In the present study, different types of samples (serum, saliva, and urine), collected in 2015–2016 in New Caledonia and French Guiana from 53 patients presenting symptoms and clinical signs triggered by arbovirus infections, were analyzed using a recently developed, and in-house validated, 4-plex RT-qPCR TaqMan method for simultaneous detection and discrimination of the Zika and Chikungunya viruses. Subsequently, statistical analyses were performed in order to potentially establish recommendations regarding the choice of samples type to use for an efficient and early stage Zika infection diagnosis. On this basis, the use of only urine samples presented the highest probability to detect viral RNA from Zika virus. Moreover, such a probability was improved using both urine and saliva samples. Consequently, the added value of non-invasive samples, associated with a higher acceptance level for collection among patients, instead of serum samples, for the detection of Zika infections was illustrated.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Burden of Emerging Arboviruses in French Guiana

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Sarah Bailly ◽  
Dominique Rousset ◽  
Camille Fritzell ◽  
Nathanaël Hozé ◽  
Sarrah Ben Achour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Recombinant Antigen ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
And Control ◽  
Microsphere Immunoassay

Despite the health, social and economic impact of arboviruses in French Guiana, very little is known about the extent to which infection burden is shared between individuals. We conducted a large multiplexed serological survey among 2697 individuals from June to October 2017. All serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies against DENV, CHIKV, ZIKV and MAYV using a recombinant antigen-based microsphere immunoassay with a subset further evaluated through anti-ZIKV microneutralization tests. The overall DENV seroprevalence was estimated at 73.1% (70.6–75.4) in the whole territory with estimations by serotype at 68.9% for DENV-1, 38.8% for DENV-2, 42.3% for DENV-3, and 56.1% for DENV-4. The overall seroprevalence of CHIKV, ZIKV and MAYV antibodies was 20.3% (17.7–23.1), 23.3% (20.9–25.9) and 3.3% (2.7–4.1), respectively. We provide a consistent overview of the burden of emerging arboviruses in French Guiana, with useful findings for risk mapping, future prevention and control programs. The majority of the population remains susceptible to CHIKV and ZIKV, which could potentially facilitate the risk of further re-emergences. Our results underscore the need to strengthen MAYV surveillance in order to rapidly detect any substantial changes in MAYV circulation patterns.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in healthy adults in Vietnam during and after the Zika virus epidemic season: a longitudinal population-based survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Co Thach Nguyen ◽  
Meng Ling Moi ◽  
Thi Quynh Mai Le ◽  
Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Thi Bich Hau Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Background: Between 2016 and 2019, 265 cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection were reported in Vietnam, predominantly in southern Vietnam. In 2016, a case of ZIKV-associated microcephaly was confirmed in the Central Highlands, and several members of the infant’s family were confirmed to be infected with ZIKV. However, data on the seroprevalence of ZIKV antibodies in the general population is limited. The purpose of this survey was to determine the level of immunity to ZIKV in the general population of the ZIKV epidemic region.Methods: A total of 879 serum samples were collected from 801 participants between January 2017 and July 2018, during and after the ZIKV epidemic in Vietnam. The samples were tested for anti-ZIKV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and anti-dengue virus (DENV) IgG antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for ZIKV was performed on all samples, and for DENV on the samples that ZIKV neutralizing antibody positive.Results: A total of 83 (10.3%) participants had anti-ZIKV IgM. Of the 83, 6 were confirmed to be ZIKV positive using PRNT and anti-ZIKV IgG ELISA. Of the 718 participants who were anti-ZIKV IgM negative, a further 3 cases were confirmed to be ZIKV positive. Of the 9 participants with ZIKV infection, 5 lived in the same village as the infant with ZIKV-associated microcephaly and the other 4 lived in 2 neighboring communes. Repeat samples were collected from the 83 ZIKV IgM positive participants 1.5 years after the first collection. No new cases of ZIKV infection were detected. In addition, 2 of 3 participants with anti-ZIKV NS1 IgG demonstrated a 4- to 8-fold increase in ZIKV neutralizing antibody titer.Conclusion: ZIKV was present in the area around Krong Buk since at least 2016. While the low levels of circulation together with low seroprevalence suggests a limited outbreak in the region, the results also reflect on low levels of protective immunity to Zika within the population. These results provide a better understanding of the current ZIKV epidemic status in the region and demonstrate a need for implementation of more effective ZIKV infection control measures.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin-like Domain of HsFcμR as a Capture Molecule for Detection of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus- and Zika Virus-Specific IgM Antibodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rackow ◽  
Christa Ehmen ◽  
Ronald von Possel ◽  
Raquel Medialdea-Carrera ◽  
David Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Abstract BACKGROUND The cellular surface molecule HsTOSO/FAIM3/HsFcμR has been identified as an IgM-specific Fc receptor expressed on lymphocytes. Here, we show that its extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain (HsFcμR-Igl) specifically binds to IgM/antigen immune complexes (ICs) and exploit this property for the development of novel detection systems for IgM antibodies directed against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). METHODS His-tagged HsFcμR-Igl was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography, oxidative refolding, and size-exclusion chromatography. Specific binding of HsFcμR-Igl to IgM/antigen ICs was confirmed, and 2 prototypic ELISAs for the detection of anti-CCHFV and anti-ZIKV IgM antibodies were developed. Thereby, patient sera and virus-specific recombinant antigens directly labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were coincubated on HsFcμR-Igl-coated ELISA plates. Bound ICs were quantified by measuring turnover of a chromogenic HRP substrate. RESULTS Assay validation was performed using paired serum samples from 15 Kosovar patients with a PCR-confirmed CCHFV infection and 28 Brazilian patients with a PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection, along with a panel of a priori CCHFV/ZIKV-IgM-negative serum samples. Both ELISAs were highly reproducible. Sensitivity and specificity were comparable with or even exceeded in-house gold standard testing and commercial kits. Furthermore, latex beads coated with HsFcμR-Igl aggregated upon coincubation with an IgM-positive serum and HRP-labeled antigen but not with either component alone, revealing a potential for use of HsFcμR-Igl as a capture molecule in aggregation-based rapid tests. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant HsFcμR-Igl is a versatile capture molecule for IgM/antigen ICs of human and animal origin and can be applied for the development of both plate- and bead-based serological tests.

scholarly journals A Label and Probe-Free Zika Virus Immunosensor Prussian Blue@carbon Nanotube-Based for Amperometric Detection of the NS2B Protein

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Bárbara V. M. Silva ◽  
Marli T. Cordeiro ◽  
Marco A. B. Rodrigues ◽  
Ernesto T. A. Marques ◽  
Rosa F. Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polypyrrole Composite ◽  
Congenital Disabilities

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne infection, predominant in tropical and subtropical regions causing international concern due to the ZIKV disease having been associated with congenital disabilities, especially microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities in the fetus and newborns. Development of strategies that minimize the devastating impact by monitoring and preventing ZIKV transmission through sexual intercourse, especially in pregnant women, since no vaccine is yet available for the prevention or treatment, is critically important. ZIKV infection is generally asymptomatic and cross-reactivity with dengue virus (DENV) is a global concern. An innovative screen-printed electrode (SPE) was developed for amperometric detection of the non-structural protein (NS2B) of ZIKV by exploring the intrinsic redox catalytic activity of Prussian blue (PB), incorporated into a carbon nanotube–polypyrrole composite. Thus, this immunosensor has the advantage of electrochemical detection without adding any redox-probe solution (probe-less detection), allowing a point-of-care diagnosis. It was responsive to serum samples of only ZIKV positive patients and non-responsive to negative ZIKV patients, even if the sample was DENV positive, indicating a possible differential diagnosis between them by NS2B. All samples used here were confirmed by CDC protocols, and immunosensor responses were also checked in the supernatant of C6/36 and in Vero cell cultures infected with ZIKV.

Understanding Effects of Tourism on Residents: A Contingent Subjective Well-Being Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752098891
Author(s):  
Kreg Lindberg ◽  
Ian E. Munanura ◽  
Chad Kooistra ◽  
Mark D. Needham ◽  
Ladan Ghahramani
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
County Level ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
General Population Survey ◽  
Environment Domain ◽  
Perceived Impacts ◽  
Practical Implications

Research regarding tourism’s effect on the subjective well-being (SWB) of destination residents has provided important insight, but it generally has relied on indirect analyses and diverse measures. This study used livability theory and a novel contingent SWB method in which respondents directly reported anticipated SWB effects. This method is exploratory, but it provides greater confidence in causal relationships. Results from a general population survey in Oregon (USA) suggested the method functioned as intended. County-level population growth and visitor intensity predicted perceived current impacts of tourism. In turn, perceived impacts predicted change in SWB contingent on a vignette reflecting a 20% increase in tourists. Across all individuals and counties, average SWB changes were negative for the environment domain and positive for other domains. Practical implications are discussed, with the most positive SWB effects from tourism development expected to occur in counties with low visitor intensity, especially those with low population growth.

scholarly journals European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS): within- and between-subject biological variation estimates for serum thyroid biomarkers based on weekly samplings from 91 healthy participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Bottani ◽  
Aasne K. Aarsand ◽  
Giuseppe Banfi ◽  
Massimo Locatelli ◽  
Abdurrahman Coşkun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Biological Variation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Variance Homogeneity ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Objectives Thyroid biomarkers are fundamental for the diagnosis of thyroid disorders and for the monitoring and treatment of patients with these diseases. The knowledge of biological variation (BV) is important to define analytical performance specifications (APS) and reference change values (RCV). The aim of this study was to deliver BV estimates for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroglobulin (TG), and calcitonin (CT). Methods Analyses were performed on serum samples obtained from the European Biological Variation Study population (91 healthy individuals from six European laboratories; 21–69 years) on the Roche Cobas e801 at the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy). All samples from each individual were evaluated in duplicate within a single run. The BV estimates with 95% CIs were obtained by CV-ANOVA, after analysis of variance homogeneity and outliers. Results The within-subject (CV I ) BV estimates were for TSH 17.7%, FT3 5.0%, FT4 4.8%, TG 10.3, and CT 13.0%, all significantly lower than those reported in the literature. No significant differences were observed for BV estimates between men and women. Conclusions The availability of updated, in the case of CT not previously published, BV estimates for thyroid markers based on the large scale EuBIVAS study allows for refined APS and associated RCV applicable in the diagnosis and management of thyroid and related diseases.

scholarly journals A non-targeted LC–MS metabolic profiling of pregnancy: longitudinal evidence from healthy and pre-eclamptic pregnancies

Metabolomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Jääskeläinen ◽  
◽  
Olli Kärkkäinen ◽  
Jenna Jokkala ◽  
Anton Klåvus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Maternal Metabolism

Abstract Introduction Maternal metabolism changes substantially during pregnancy. However, few studies have used metabolomics technologies to characterize changes across gestation. Objectives and methods We applied liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) based non-targeted metabolomics to determine whether the metabolic profile of serum differs throughout the pregnancy between pre-eclamptic and healthy women in the FINNPEC (Finnish Genetics of Preeclampsia Consortium) Study. Serum samples were available from early and late pregnancy. Results Progression of pregnancy had large-scale effects to the serum metabolite profile. Altogether 50 identified metabolites increased and 49 metabolites decreased when samples of early pregnancy were compared to samples of late pregnancy. The metabolic signatures of pregnancy were largely shared in pre-eclamptic and healthy women, only urea, monoacylglyceride 18:1 and glycerophosphocholine were identified to be increased in the pre-eclamptic women when compared to healthy controls. Conclusions Our study highlights the need of large-scale longitudinal metabolomic studies in non-complicated pregnancies before more detailed understanding of metabolism in adverse outcomes could be provided. Our findings are one of the first steps for a broader metabolic understanding of the physiological changes caused by pregnancy per se.

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